图书馆分类词汇paper/thesis/review 论文/报告
check out 借出
return 还书
renew 续借
recall 召回
fine 罚金
section 区域
reshelf 重新上架
stack 书架
journal/periodical 期刊杂志
encyclopaedia 百科全书
audio、visual material 音频视频资料
interlibrary loan service 馆际借书
borrowing privileges 优先借书
on reserve 预留制度
reference room 阅览室
library图书馆
librarian图书管理员
publication 出版物
periodical 期刊
magazine 杂志
book catalogue 图书目录
classified catalogue 分类目录
bibliography 参考书目
title index 书目索引
alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引
loan desk 借书处
circulation 流通
reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) library card 借书证
overdue fine 过期罚金
periodical reading room 期刊阅览室
back issue 过期杂志
current issue 近期杂志
non-fiction 非小说类文学作品
science-fiction 科幻小说
copier 复印机
check out 办理(借、还)手续
renew 续借
overdue过期
CONVERSATION 1.课程相关事务场景 intro / basic course introductory intermediate (level) course higher course sign up for … register get enrolled in ?Discussion讨论n, presentation个人陈述n, topic话题，主题n, lecture演讲（n.）good choice好的选择, slide幻灯片n, library图书馆n, collection收集n, check支票n, librarian 图书馆管理员n Report报告n, office hour 教授答疑 ?时间, submit 上交v, on disk在磁盘上, hard copy硬皮书, soft copy软皮书, computer电脑n, print打印v, computer lab电脑实验室 ?Project工程，计划n, tons of很多（a ton of ,tons of), cover 覆盖, re-write重写v, research data研究数据, information 信息n, input投入n,输入v, presentation个人陈述n, complete完整的adj, 完成vt semester seminar
?Term paper学期报告, grade分数，成绩n, complicated复杂的adj, terrible mistake严重的（糟糕的）错误, edited version编辑过的版本, submit上交n, overtired过度劳累adj, stressed有压力的adj, rushing（急急忙忙的）against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记，分数n, draft起草vt，草图n, print打印vt（printer打印机n）, final paper期末论文, maintaining average保持平均水平, application申请n, drop 扔掉, re-take重上, due到期的adj, extension延期n, discuss 讨论vt, check back查阅记录, re-reading评价, submission 上交n ?Information信息n, exam schedule考试规划表, term术语，学期n, date日期, book预定vt，书n, ?apartment公寓department部门，院系; appointment 预约?departure离开depart 离开, invigilator监考人n, ?sign up for a course选择选修课程 ?（required必须的/compulsory 被强制的course必修课）（selective/elective/optional course选修课）（register注册）, sheet纸张=paper（a sheet of 张，表量词）, ?bulletin board公告栏, faculty lounge教师休息室, square正方形，广场n, draft起草，草图, dean系主任=department chair(person), review评估, draw up起草=draft=first version, ?Manual手工（manufacture制造)，consult咨询, register 注册 Physiology 生理学100, sophomore大学二年级生, second year course第二年课程, first year student新生, transfer转变, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂课, introduce介绍，引进, complete完整的，完成, approach方法n，接近vt, laws of physics and chemistry法律的物理和化学, process of life生命的过程, vital force机体，生命力, philosophical approach哲
新托福IBT听力场景词汇 对话场景 选课 学科 major 主修minor 副修 science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科 Mathematics 数学 physics 物理 chemistry 化学 biology 生物学 geography 地理学 electronics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学 electronics engineering 电子工程学 botany 植物学 psychology 心理学 zoology 动物学 architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学 ecology 生态学 medical science 医学archaeology 考古学 history 历史学 linguistics 语言学 pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学 economics 经济学 statistics 统计学 accounting 会计学 philosophy 哲学 类型 required、compulsory course 必修课 selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课
tutorial 个人辅导课程 workshop 专题课程 级别 Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级 Prerequisite 先修课程 上课： Attend class 上课 Miss class 缺课 Skip class逃课 Syllabus 教学大纲 Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤 Grading system 打分体系 Class participation 课堂参与 杂 semester/term 学期quarter小学期 course guideline 课程纲要major 主修 minor 副修 exemption 免修 syllabus 教学大纲 Professor’s sig nature 教授的签字（用于注册课程） Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）, openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销 教师称号 professor 教授 lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长 teacher/faculty 教师 student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家
Conversation 题目简单 语速快（point易漏） 记下所有的提问 学生问答、自问自答必考 评论必考 例子必考 废话必考 把所有重复的记下 话题 一、教授 1、作业 A、选题（选题换题目）：老师引导你去想 tough decision B、材料：哪儿可能有（研究材料性质：文章、评论、tap）； 更常考：材料不存在->补充材料supplemental （老师诱导去找其他的补充材料) ask for source material for his paper C、写到一半时，知识点残缺 （interview然后结果不一样：原因：1、学生的理解有问题（解决：老师再讲一遍课上讲的东西，“孩子，加油”）；2、学生的数据有问题（老师讲如何正确收集数据，为什么错了，“没关系，我再给你讲一遍”） D、最后都写完了，拿给老师做最后审查 ①正常情况：“你写的不错，哪儿好，但是several problem”，老师举现实生活中的例子（experience）作解释； ②（常考）写的特别好，老师感兴趣的点，“你是如何想到去采访这个人？详细说明”，“你能不能再把它写长点，把project做大，投稿/在课上做个presentation） submit a piece of writing for publication General or casual idea 大致的想法 An increase in the quantity of certain gases in Earth's atmosphere get a position as reporter/ 2、课上问题 开头废话：“下周有个quiz，但我第三章有问题”，老师说“这个东西不考”但会给
TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则 1．听见什么，选什么原则 该原则为“TOEFL听力段子十大黄金原则”之首，因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。 2．重复原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“重复率高的词或概念”。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人，所以ETS 的考点也只能是那些对我们而言，通过努力能听懂的地方。 Bonus: 段子中“重复率最高的词或概念”很可能就是这个段子的主题（TOPIC）。 3．建议原则 听段子时，要特别注意那些“含有建议含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，建议的地方永远做考点。 Multiply: 历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编： 1） You should 2） I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3） proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4） had better do sth. / be better off doing sth. 5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10) How does … sound? 4．强调原则 乍听上去，强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。 语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。 语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。 下面我们就来一一论述，先讲“语义强调的六大分支”。 1）含义强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上就给我们以震撼或触动的词或结构”。比如：“Especially”一词后面的内容一定是考点，因为它本身就表示“尤其是”，体现了ETS的“求异思想”。再比如：“new theory”周围也一定存在考点，因为这体现了ETS的“求新思想”。有时ETS为强调某事，还特意用一些极其显而易见的表达方式提醒我们，例如：“indeed（真正得）”、“certainly（当然）”、“Just remember （一定要记住）”、“And again.（再说一遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最为重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我应该提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的含义强调词还靠大家自己积累和体会。 2）解释强调： 听段子时，要特别注意那些“本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构”。比如：“…,
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO20听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO20听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a library employee. Student: Excuse me, I received a letter that I am supposed to return a book that I checked out back in September, it’s called Modern Social Problems. But I am writing my senior thesis, so I thought I was allowed to keep the book for the whole academic year. Librarian: So you signed up for extended borrowing privileges? Student: Yeah. Librarian: And we are still asking you to bring the book back? Student: Uh-huh. Do I really have to? Librarian: Well, let me check the computer. The title was ... Modern Social Problems? Student: Yeah. Librarian: Eh... Ok, yeah. It’s been recalled. You can keep it all year as long as no one else requests it, but someone else has, it looks like one of the professors in the sociology department. So you have to bring it back. You can check it out again when it is returned in a couple of weeks. Student: What if the person renews it? And I really need it right now. Librarian: All of it? Or is there a certain section or chapter you are working with? Student: Well, there’s one chapter in particular I am working with, but why? Librarian: Well, we normally don’t do this, but because of the circumstances we can photocopy up to one chapter for you. Why don’t you do that for the one you are working with right now? And by the time you need the rest of the book, maybe it’ll have been returned. Student: Oh, that would be great.
听力训练：托福考试听力真题100个短语 1 a change of pace 节奏变换 You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace. 2 a far cry from 相距甚远 The published book is far cry from the early manuscript. 3 and how 的确 A: She’s a good dancer. B: and how. 4 a matter of time 时间问题 It is only a matter of time. 5 a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。 If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away. 6 a while back 不久以前 7 all along 一直 I knew it all along. 8 anything but 绝对不 I was anything but happy about going.
9 account for 解释 How do you account for it? 10 after all 到底 A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine, B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all. 11 allergic to 对|……过敏 Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something. 12 at sb’s service 愿为某人服务 I am at your service at any time. 13 around the clock 24小时不停 Martha studied around the clock for management exam. 14 as far as I know 就我所知 15 at home with 对…..很熟悉 She is at home with problems like this. 16 back out 1) 退出 A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight? B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute
托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力尤其是对话类素材因为是对话形式，因此其内容的语速往往较快，许多时候考生还没来得及记下关键信息对话就已经过去了。下面就和大家分享托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。托福听力对话12个常见出题点汇总整理托福听力对话类conversation12个出题点汇总1. 开头提到的原因必考，结尾提到的建议必考。必须记笔记，知道问题发生的原因和最后的解决方案是什么。2. 开头提到的本次主题必考。即是到底要去解决什么问题!通常坐落于原因现状提出之后。3. 重复两次的地方必考。也就是同一个问题讨论两次的点。4. 强调句型，多引出分论点，是考点。It is that……; This is the first time……; One thing important is that……等等。5. 针对上下文明显的肯定或者否定的回答，通常用副词做表态：exactly; absolutely;definitely; It’s a good question等等，这些表达后面跟的内容都是必考的。6. 对话段子中主论点伴随有定义或者举例的部分，必考(通常考配对表格题)。7. 难点的解释说明部分，也就是同位语表达，必考，通常是提出一个新的概念(核心概念)。8. 对话段子中引用的之前或者其他观点必考。比如：It was commonly accepted that…… 这些以前的观点也是很重要的，用以反照出现在的状况。9. 形容词和副词最高级后面的点非常重要。10. 一定注意教授跑题的内容，这是话题的转移，如突然转到布置作业等。这些都是非常重要的第二部分内容笔记。11. 教授对学生的警告或建议必考。12. 一定注
托福听力场景词汇总结campus situations 和professor（最多） 1.谈实习的收获 elementray school:小学 observation：观察 interdisipline：多学科 mythology 神话 Greek and Roman 希腊的和罗马的Research skills：调查研究技能 2.论文，课程作业 Climate variation 气候变化 Data 数据 Expert 专家 Research project 研究项目 General or casual idea 大致的想法 Rule of thumb 凭经验的方法 Research journal 研究日记 Evolution in thought 想法的进化Meteorological records 气象记录Statistical tests 统计检验 Reference section 参考文献 Jot down 随便写下 Note Pad 笔记本 Draft version 草稿 Prerequisite 先决条件 Term paper 课程论文 Dialect 方言 Manageable 可操控的 Proposal 设计 Food-born bacteria 食物上长的细菌Preliminary 初步的 Carton board 纸板 Flavor 味道 Dairy 牛奶场 Swamped 忙死了
Scope of the assignment 作业的范围 Stick to 坚持 Tangential 外围的 Mid-summer dream 仲夏夜之梦 Video collection 录像集 Track down 找到 Ironic 讽刺的 Transient 瞬息万变的 3．报名项目 Assume 假设 Introductory 导论 Relief 轻松 Main lecture hall 教学主楼 Excavate 开掘 Barn 谷仓 Artifact 手工艺品 Button 纽扣 Clay pottery 泥质陶 Extra credit 额外的分数 Tough time 困难 Incentive 动力 Retirement party Dean 系主任 Anthropology 人类学 Pitch in 加入 V ersatile 多才多艺的 Hiring process 招聘过程 Qualified applicant 合格的候选者 Sample lecture 样板课堂 Academic interest 学科兴趣 Student representative 学生代表Candidate 候选人 Perspective 观点 4．小组活动 Due 到期 Supreme court 最高法庭 Municipal land use cases 市政土地使用案例Owning disputes 所有权争议 Stress out 压力大 Free-rider 搭便车 Split up 分割 Goof off 打发时间
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Student: Hi, I was wondering if I could talk with you about the assignment in the film theory class. Professor: Of course, Jill. Student: It seems that pretty much everyone else in the class gets what they are supposed to be doing but I’m not so sure. Professor: Well, the class is for students who are really serious about film. You must have taken film courses before. Student: Yeah, in high school, film appreciation. Professor: Hmmm…I wouldn’t think that would be enough. Did you concentrate mainly on form or content? Student: Oh, definitely content. We’d watch, say Lord of the Flies, and then discuss it. Professor: Oh, that approach, treating film as literature, ignoring what makes it unique. Student: I liked it, though. Professor: Sure, but that kind of class. Well, I’m not surprised that you are feeling a little lost. You know, we have two introductory courses that are supposed to be taken before you get to my course, one in film art, techniques, technical stuff and another in film history. So students in the class you are in should be pretty far along in film studies. In fact, usually the system blocks anyone trying to sign up for a class they shouldn’t be taking, who hasn’t taken the courses you are required to do first as prerequisites. Student: Well, I did have a problem with that but I discussed it with one of your office staff, and she gave me permission. Professor: Of course. No matter how many times I tell them, they just keep on… Well, for your own good, I’d really suggest dropping back and starting at the usual
听力十大必背xx 1.文科xx： 艺术类音乐 2.理科xx： 天文学 In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000years ago;the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical,It the earth was a flat disc,then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse.The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south,in the more northerly regions,the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth,a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000stadium,that's the plural of the world stadium.Today,it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents,but let's say it was about 200meters,the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented. 3.文科xx： 文学名著
新托福IBT听力场景 入学： enrollment/register 登记,注册opening ceremony n开业典礼,仪式comme nceme nt ceremony 毕业典礼con vocation n正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orie ntatio n meet ing 开学说明会staff n.全体职员 freshman （大学）一年级学生 sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生 tuition fee 费用 placeme nt test 开学测试 excellent出色的 average平均的，一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓： uni versity- preside nt 大学，校长 cha ncellor名誉校长 college 学院 scie nee/ arts school 理科/ 文科学院 un dergraduate 本科 postgraduate /graduate研究生 建筑物buildings: can tee n餐厅/cafeteria .自助餐厅 dining hall 食堂 adm ini strati on build ing 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teach ing buildi ng 教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂,礼堂=lecture hall assembly n 集合 computer lab计算实验室，机房 选课 学科 major主修mi nor畐寸修 scie nee 理科,arts 文科,engin eeri ng 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography地理学electr onics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言
新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇 1.生物学 antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染 / 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水 / 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic海洋的snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care产前护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve 神经/ specimen样品amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation 孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品 / 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异 2.动物学 zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化的器官fertilize使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒
托福听力对话类conversation解题 思路指点 托福听力中对话类conversation部分考生一般表现会比较好，因为其对话内容中包含的信息量相对要小一些。下面就给大家带来托福听力对话类conversation解题思路指点，希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。 【高分必刷】托福听力对话类conversation解题思路指点托福听力对话类如何抓关键信息? 托福听力对话中包含的信息量虽然比较少，但因为大都加杂在两人对话当中，因此注意力不集中的情况下也是比较容易遗漏的，所以要抓取对话中的关键信息，考生最重要的是把以下四点牢牢抓住： Whos got a problem? What kind of problem? How to solve this problem? What about details and their attitude?
抓住这些信息对把握对话整体的走向和逻辑都有很大帮助，同时也能够提高我们听的效率和做题的准确率。对于托福听力的对话部分，如果你感到总是无法抓到关键的信息，或者总觉得都听懂了却还是在做题的时候出错，不妨带着这几个问题去听，试试看能否会对你的问题有所帮助。 托福听力陷入瓶颈怎么办? 最后，如果你感到自己的听力进入了一个瓶颈怎么都无法提高，不如停下来想想是哪里出了问题。比如当你发现对话部分总是会做错一些题，不妨停下来冷静冷静，分析一下是不是自己关注的信息点出现了偏差?或者哪一类型的题一做就错?漏掉关键信息的原因是什么?单纯的没听到还是听到了没注意?是不是误解了说话人的意思?停下来分析一下再上路，你的每一步都会踏向正确的方向。 以上就是托福听力对话类的解题思路指点，对话虽然相对简单，但大家也不能大意，上面这些经验和抓取信息的方式还是请大家掌握了解为好。 托福听力之分阶段备考策略 准备阶段： 一、词汇的积累。词汇是任何一门语言的基石，托福听力训练中积累的词汇量是应考的先决必要条件。建议考生熟记托福高
托福听力五大题型备考建议 本文介绍了新托福听力部分中六大题型的答题技巧，以及考生在备考中应该采取的复习方法和时间安排。这五种题型分别是：主旨题、功能/目的题、细节题、态度/推断和排序题。 （一）托福听力五大题型备考建议： 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”，知己知彼，才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分，不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时，乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时，也一定要将ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨！在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项； 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力（connecting information）。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥；第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 4、态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测；而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。 推断题把握一条原则：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。