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高中英语中不及物动词主动表被动含义的用法

高中英语中不及物动词主动表被动含义的用法
高中英语中不及物动词主动表被动含义的用法

高中英语中不及物动词“主动表被动”含义的用法英语中有些动词在形式上是主动的,含义上却是被动的,但是这些动词这样用时又不是不及物动词。常见的这类动词有:sell, wash, cook, wear, rite, look, open, shut, translate, read, last, cut等。请看下列几个例题:

1) Would you like a piece of this kind of cloth? It_well.

A. is sold

B. is selling

C. is being sold

D. sells

2) Take care! Don't get the ink on your shirt ,for it_easily.

A. won't wash out

B. won't be washed out

C. isn't washed out

D. isn't washing out

3) In warm weather, fruit and meat_long.

A. Don't keep

B. can't be kept

C. are not kept

D. are not keeping

答案分别是1)D 2)A 3)A

值得注意的是:

1)这种句子的主语只能是物,而不是人。

2)正是这种做主语的物本身具有某一内在的特性,能够使得动词所表示的动作以某种方式得以实现。

3)这类句子中常有well, easily, badly, smoothly来做状语。

试比较下列两句话:

1) The door won't shut. 这门就是关不上。

这句话说明“门”本身有内在的毛病(问题)使“关门”这一动作难以实现。

2) The door isn't shut. 门没关。

这句话只说明一个客观事实,门是“开着的”,没有关上,表示门“开着”这一状态。

现按时态举例说明:

1、用一般现在时表示事物的内在特性。例:

1) His novel sells well.他的小说销路很好。(说明小说本身写得好,使“卖”这一动作很容易实现)

2) This cloth washes easily. 这种布很容易洗。(说明这种布本身具有“很容易洗”这一特性)

2、用一般将来时表示动作难以实现,通常是否定式。例:

1) In such weather, meat won't keep long.在这样的天气里,肉保存不了多长时间。

2) The door won't open/lock/close.这门打不开/锁不上/关不上。

3、有些表示烹调、装订、印刷等意义的词,多用进行表示被动意义。例:

1) The meat is cooking. 锅里煮着肉。

2) The book is printing. 这本书在印刷中。

4、用过去时或现在完成时来表示已经发生的动作,是一种客观的叙述。例:

His shoes have warn/wore through. 他的鞋子穿破了。

由此可以看出,语法形式与其语义并不总是一致的,不是所有的主动结构都表示主动含义,也不是所有的被动结构都表示被动含义,掌握英语中的特殊用法对我们正确地使用英语、准确地表达思想是非常重要的。

英语主动表被动用法归纳.

英语主动表被动用法归纳 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式: That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态: The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

被动语态:主动表被动形式

被动语态:主动表被动形式 1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry,sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态: The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何? (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义: When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始? The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

主动形式表被动意义

主动形式表被动意义 1. 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如: The door won't open. It can't move. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如: The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如: This material has worn thin. The dust has blownsintosthe house. 2. 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 2) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如: He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),

被动语态用主动表达

被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者,或需要强调动作的承受者时使用,其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中,会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况,现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下:1. 表“需要”含义的动词,如need, want, require等作谓语时,其主语若是物时,这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如: The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水,昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注:这种情况下,也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如: This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的,又是不及物的,但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身,就要用动词的主动形式表被动,这样用起来简洁,符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有:sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子,体会划线部分的不同: His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销,所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开,所以,我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词,常用主动形式表示被动动作,如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如: I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒,味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中,用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如: This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵,但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中,也用主动形式表被动含义。如: Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如: Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂,一般分下面3种情况: (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do,这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如:heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如: She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注:①此种结构中,因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语,所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如:

2020年高考英语主动表被动的用法考点小结

2017年高考英语主动表被动的用法考点总结 (1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作): The

动词的主动形式表示被动之意(附练习及答案)

动词的主动形式表示被动之意 一、系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有: ①be 动词 ②. 起来(7 个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来),sou nd, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③(逐渐)变得 /变成: become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④保持: keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 二、下列动词(词组)没有被动式: 1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Ol、An accident was happened yesterday. (x)昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. O2、 The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 O3、 The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 O4、 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 O5、 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 O6、 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 O7、 The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 08、The door won ' t close/sh这门关不上。 O9、 The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。

动名词主动表被动的三种类型

在某些特殊结构中,动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,这主要见于以下几种情况: 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后,英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如: He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看,以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味,但用的都是主动形式。不过,如果改用不定式,则要用被动式,如上面也可说成: He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个,它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义,不能直接使用被动式。如: The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明:从搭配上看,be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词,不能跟不定式;而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如: They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜,因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若改成不定式,则要用被动形式。如: 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳 1、Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),be worth值得),not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)。你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系) He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系) 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire?

英语主动表被动用法总结

英语主动表被动用法总结 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式: That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同: The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shu t. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同: Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不

主动形式表示被动含义的用法归纳

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