Lesson Ten The Sad Young Men
Background Information
The Sad Young Men and the Lost Generation: refer to the same group of people. The name was first created and used by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men and second by Gertrude Stein. These names were applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the WWI, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism享乐主义.
Lost Generation: group of expatriate移居国外American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group never formed a cohesive literary movement, but it consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder, Archibald MacLeish, and Hart Crane. The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein, who, in a conversation with Hemingway, used an expression she had heard from a garage ma nager, une géneration perdue (“a lost generation”), to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I (1914-1918) experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph 引语for his novel The Sun Also Rises (1926). Beat Generation: group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. The term sometimes is used to refer to those who embraced the ideas of these writers.
The term Beat Generation was first used by Kerouac in the late 1940s. The word beat had various connotations for the writers, including despair over the beaten state of the individual in mass society and belief in the beatitude, or blessedness, of the natural world and in the restorative powers of the beat of jazz music and poetry. Beat writing generally called for a renunciation of material goods and acquisitiveness in favor of a rediscovery of the erotic, artistic, and spiritual self through the use of drugs, casual sex, music, and the mysticism of Zen禅宗Buddhism.
§What kind of writing is this one? And what is the topic of it?
This is a piece of expository writing by two American writers explaining a certain period in American literary and social history. It focuses esp. on the attitudes and revolt of the young people who returned from WWI, disappointed and disillusioned. In this revolt the young intellectuals, writers and artists, stood in the van and was the most vocal group. Many of these intellectuals lived abroad, esp. in Paris, as expatriates, but most of them later returned to the U.S. voluntarily. These intellectuals were called “Sad Young Men” or “the lost generation”, because they were critical and rebellious. However, they were never lost because they were also very creative and productive and as this essay says: “gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience”.
§What is the thesis of this essay? In which para is it stated?
In the last para of the essay, the thesis is stated as follow: “The intellectuals of the twenties, the …sad young men?, as F. Scott Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didn?t die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbits but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience”.
§What is the structural organization of this essay? How many parts does this essay fall into?
The structural organization of this essay is clear and simple. The essay divides logically into paras with part. Functions: to introduce the subject in para 1, to support and develop the thesis in para 2 through 9, to bring the discussion to an end in para 10-11.
§How do these two writers support their thesis?
They support their thesis by providing historical material concerning the revolt of the younger generation of the twenties in a series of paras and para units between the introduction and conclusion. Each para or para unit develops a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis. Frequently the first sentence of these middle paras states clearly the main idea of the material that follows and indicates a new but related stage of the developing thought.
Detailed Study of the Text
P 1: §What is the function of the first para? How do these writers develop this para?
The first para is an introductory one, beginning by mentioning the interest in the Twenties by young people today. In addition, these writers discuss the questions that present-day students are asking their parents and teachers: Was there really a Younger Generation problem? Were young people really so wild? sensationally romanticized: was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people
No aspect of life…more commented…than: After WWI, during the 1920s, every aspect of life in the U. S. has been commented upon, but the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation has been more commented upon than all the other aspect.
revolt: an act of protest or rejection
nostalgic: bittersweet longing for things, persons, or situations of the past
middle-aged: middle-aged people lived through the Twenties so they can recall what life was like then the young: the young people have only heard about all this and were very curious about the lives of young people of another generation
nostalgic, curious: both are transferred epithets. They really modify “the middle-aged” and “the young”respectively
The slightest mention…by the young: At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions. thrill: a source or cause of excitement or emotion
deliciously illicit thrill: an improper action but very enjoyable and exciting. A visit to a speakeasy was improper or prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally. This explains the “illicit thrill”.
speakeasy: a place for the illegal sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks, as during Prohibition in the United States (the period 1923-33)
denunciation: the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public condemnation or censure驳斥Puritan morality: extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation if theatrical performances as punishable offences.
amour: a love affair, especially an illicit one
experimentation: the act, process, or practice of experimenting
fashionable experimentations in amour: trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time
sedan: a closed automobile having two or four doors and a front and rear seat
parked sedan: in a sedan car parked on lonely country roads
§What is been talked about in noun phrase “memories of…country road”? And the following noun phrase “questions about…drugstore cowboy”?
The long noun phrases are the nostalgic recollections of the middle-aged, the following noun phrase are some of the questions asked by curious young people.
naughty: mildly indecent
jazzy: playing jazz music
sheik: a leader of an Arab family or village 酋长; a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted; a romantically alluring man
moral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conduct
flapper: in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress; a young woman, esp. one in the 1920's who showed disdain for conventional dress and behavior
drugstore cowboy: a western movie extra 临时演员who loafs/idle in front of drugstores between pictures of necessity: because of necessity
The answers…and no: The answer to such questions must because of necessity be both “yes” and “no”. §Why do they think the answers to such questions must necessarily be both “yes” and “no”?
People cannot give a simply “yes” or “no” answer to such questions
“yes”…Problem: In the process of growing up, during the period when children grow up to become adults, there always exists a Younger Generation Problem. In this sense the answer must be “yes”.
see in perspective: to view or judge things or events in a way that show their true relations to one another sensational: arousing/intended to arouse strong curiosity, interest, or reaction, esp. by exaggerated or lurid details耸人听闻的
degeneration: moral corruption, depravity
jazzmad: blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music
“no”…jazzmad youth: when we look back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that the social behavior of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behaviour was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, on this sense, the answer must be “no”.
P 2: logical outcome: necessary or expected result or consequence
§Why do they think the revolt of the youths was an expected result? How many reasons do they list? Western world: all the countries in the western hemisphere and Europe
aftermath: a consequence, esp. of a disaster or misfortune
§Which war are they referring to by “the first serious war in a country”?
The writer, perhaps, is referring to the WWI as the last serious war that took place almost a hundred years ago.
the rebellion was no confined…century: the revolt of the young did not take place only in the U. S., but affected all the countries in the Western world. Their revolt was the result or consequence of WWI—the biggest and most serious war in a hundred years.
Actually…in the age: Actually, the revolt of the young people was a necessary and expected consequence of the conditions that existed in this period of history.
subconscious: occurring without conscious perception, or with only slight perception, on the part of the individual
tradition: stories, beliefs, customs, etc handed down orally from generation to generation
it was reluctantly…or tradition: some people in the U. S. fully understood, though unwillingly, that the U. S. could no longer remain isolated politically or in matters of social customs and practices. If these people did not state their views openly, at least, they understood it subconsciously.
to reach international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nations in the world
artificial: produced rather than natural; brought about/caused by sociopolitical/other human-generated forces/influences 人为的
provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces. Here the word means narrow like that of a single country—the U. S.
We had reached…bordering oceans: metaphor, comparing “provincial morality”to “artificial walls”We have become a world power so we can no longer on our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own country, nor can we remain isolated geographically protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In other words, the U. S. can no longer pursue a policy of isolationism.
P 3: Victorian: showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc, generally attributed to Victorian England
gentility: the quality of being genteel; now, esp. excessive or affected refinement and elegance
The rejection…inevitable: In any case, America could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.
boom v.: to grow or develop rapidly; flourish
roar v. : to make or produce a loud noise
roaring: very active or successful; brisk;
impersonality: the lack or absence of a personal or human character; the quality or state of not involving personal feelings or the emotions
aggressive: implies a bold and energetic pursuit of one?s ends, connoting, in derogatory usage, a ruthless desire to dominate and, in a favorable sense, enterprise, initiative, etc.
code: any set of principles or rules of conduct; a moral code
well-bred: of good upbringing; well-mannered and refined
The booming…competitive age: After WWI, America became a highly industrialized country. There were big successful factories operating everywhere. Business became huge corporations devoid of any human feelings and the ruthless desire to dominate was exercised on a large scale. In this new atmosphere, the principles of polite, courteous and considerate behaviour and conduct that were formed in a quieter and less competitive age (before WWI) could no longer exist.
medium: environment
to battle for success: metaphor, they had to fight as in a battle in order to become successful
War or no war…for success: With or without a war, as one generation followed another, the young people found it increasingly difficult to accept standards of behaviour that seemed in no way to be related to the noisy, busy world of business, and it was in this bustling business world that they were expected to become successful
catalytic agent: a person or thing acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result
agent: an active force or substance producing an effect; a chemical agent
breakdown n.: the act or process of failing to function/continue
The war acted…social structure: The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure. I t?s a metaphor, the war being compared to a catalytic agent
precipitate v.: to throw from or as if from a great height; to cause to happen, esp. suddenly/prematurely by precipitating…violent energies: by throwing our young people suddenly and unexpectedly into a World War, which was a form of mass murder, we released the violent energies which the young people has so far held in check or repressed
obsolescent adj.: being in the process of passing out of use or usefulness
which, after the shooting…society: when the war was over, the young people used their newly released violent energies, both in Europe and America, to destroy the 19th century society that was getting old and becoming unacceptable
P 4: challenge: anything, as a demanding task, that calls for special effort or dedication
mores: customs, esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society, often acquiring the force of law Thus…to date: Thus in a world where everything was changing, our young people had to take up the demanding task of reforming our traditional social customs in order to keep up with this changing world. tempt v.: to try to get (sb.) to do wrong, esp. by a promise of reward
air: an outward appearance; general impression or feeling given by sth.
naughty adj.: indecent; improper
sophistication: the state of being artificial, worldly-wise, urbane etc
pose: a way of behaving or speaking that is assumed for effect; pretense
Bohemian: a person, esp. an artist, poet, etc, who lives in an unconventional, nonconforming way; having or displaying a very informal and unconventional way of life
it was tempted…immorality: in America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily. They pretended to live like unconventional artists or poets, breaking the moral code of the community.
faddishness: the following of fads
novelty n.: the quality of being novel; newness
hectic adj.: characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste
perversion n.: a sexual practice/act considered abnormal or deviant
pattern: a regular, mainly unvarying way of acting or doing; behaviour patterns
The faddishness…pattern of escape: The young people did many of the following foolish and wild things in their attempt to escape their responsibilities. They went in for all kinds of fads, spent money freely on transitory pleasures and momentary novelties. They pretended to be wildly gay and experimented with all kinds of sensations, including those produced by sex, drugs, alcohol and perversions.
fatigue n.: physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion
an escape…responsibilities: the young people could do all these things in their attempt to escape their responsibilities because after the WWI there was general prosperity in the country and people were tired of politics, economic restrictions and international responsibilities.
Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes; specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law Prohibition…illicit: The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.
much publicized: reported often and widely in newspapers and magazines
orgy: any wild, riotous, licentious merrymaking; debauchery放荡
manifesto n.: a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, esp. of a political nature Greenwich Village: section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan, noted as a center for artists, writers etc, it is formerly a village
the much-publicized…escapism: the much publicized wild and riotous life of the intellectuals in Greenwich Village and their defiant open declarations of their motives and intentions provided the young people with a philosophy that could justify their escapism
spree n.: overindulgence in an activity
And like…ran out: And like most wild, riotous lives led by the escapist, this one also ended when the escapists didn?t have any more money to spend.
crash n.: a sudden economic or fiscal failure
sober up: cause sb. to become sober
the crash…to sober up: a metaphor, comparing the wild, riotous living of the escapists to a party and the escapists to drunken revelers. The Great Economic Depression which started in the U. S. in 1929 brought the young escapists back to their senses and stopped the wild, riotous lives they were living.
P 5: the stalemate of 1915-1916: this refers to the stalemate on the Western Front in Europe. Grueling trench warfare took place, but the battle lines remained virtually stationary for three years
insolence of Germany towards the U. S.: this refers to the sinking of the Lusitania. The U.S. declared itself a neutral nation at the beginning of WWI. At the outset, Germany and Britain each sought to terminate U.S. trade with the other. Exploiting its naval advantage, Britain gained the upper hand and almost ended U.S. trade with Germany. Americans protested this interference, but when German submarines, known as U-boats, began to use unrestricted submarine warfare in 1915, American public opinion turned against Germany. Then on May 7, 1915, a German submarine attacked a British passenger liner, the Lusitania, killing 1,195 people, including 128 Americans. Washington condemned the attacks, which led to a brief respite 间歇in German attacks. In the presidential race of 1916, President Wilson won reelection on the campaign slogan “He Kept Us Out of War.”
In February 1917, however, Germany reinstated the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. Ending diplomatic ties with Germany, Wilson still tried to keep the U. S. out of the war. But Germany continued its attacks, and the U. S. found out about a secret message, the Zimmermann (German diplomat) telegram, in which the German government proposed an alliance with Mexico and discussed the possibility of Mexico regaining territory lost to the U. S. Resentful that Germany was sinking American ships and making overtures to Mexico, the U. S. declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.
to declare our status as a belligerent: to declare war, America entered the war rather late, on April 6,
1917.
jingoism n.: extreme nationalism characterized esp. by a belligerent foreign policy沙文主义
our young…flags: our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war
John Dos Passos’ U. S. A. : in his finest achievement, the trilogy U. S. A. (1937), composed of the 42nd Parallel(1930) 1919 (1932) and The Gig Money(1936), he developed the kaleidoscopic万花筒的technique of Manhattan Transfer(1925), by skillfully weaving together narration, stream of consciousness, biographies of representative figures, and quotations from newspapers and magazines. In this immensely successful novel, Dos Passos first experimented with the techniques for which he is best known: the “newsreel” technique, whereby he inserted fragments of popular songs and news headlines into his text; and the “camera eye” technique, whereby he provided short, poetic responses to give the author's point of view.
fun: amusement, sport, recreation, adventure, etc. The young idealistic people thought fighting in a war was sth. adventurous and romantic
they wanted…belly up: the young people wanted to take part if the glorious adventure before the whole war ended
For military…occupation: The young people eagerly enlisted under foreign flags to fight in the war because, in 1916-1917, they still considered military service a romantic occupation.
§What do the writers mean in saying “magnolia-scented” soap opera?
magnolia-scented: it may have the literal meaning of having the scent of the magnolia. The soap opera was put up by companies selling magnolia-scented soap. It may also mean “very sweet and cloying”because the magnolia flower has a very sweet scent. Finally, it may also mean “of, relating to, or resembling the South of pre-civil war days.”
soap opera: a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic, sentimental nature; it is so called since many original sponsors were soap companies
fracas n.: a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel
§The original meaning of the verb dissolve is “to reduce (solid matter) to liquid form”; what does it mean here in the sentence?
dissolve: (in motion pictures or TV) to fade or make fade into or out of view 淡入淡出
The strife…San Juan Hill: The civil war of 1861-1865 was always portrayed in the movies and in stories as a highly sentimental drama (nostalgic to people from the southern states) and the war with Spain in 1898 always ended in a scene in a movie showing the one-sided victory at Manila or the Americans charging up San Juan Hill.
assembly orator: public speakers; eloquent and skilled public speaker
strenuous adj.: energetic or zealous
Furthermore…and exciting: Furthermore, many speakers at high school meetings told the boys that hard life of the war would help to form their character. These speakers convinced more than enough these boys, who were sensible in many other respects, that fighting in the European war would be of great value to them personally, in addition to being idealistic and exciting.
§Why is the word “intellectuals” put in quotes? Why did they join the ambulance corps?
the “intellectuals”…ambulance corps: “Intellectuals”is put in quotes to show that they were college-age students who considered themselves to be intellectuals and would be writers or those who had intellectual interests or tastes. They did not want to take part in the actual killing so they joined the ambulance corps.
merchant marine: privately owned and operated commercial vessels, registered under the American flag, engaged in foreign commerce, coastal trade, Great Lakes shipping, or towing operations on the inland waterways; here it refers to the vessels that helped to carry supplies and ammunitions in WWI.
the National Guard: volunteer military organization composed of the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard. In times of peace National Guard units, located in each state, are under the jurisdiction of state governors and may be mobilized during natural disasters or civil disorders; they are also reserve
components of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force. As such, the units may be ordered to active federal duty by the president in times of war or national emergency.
draft: the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, esp. for compulsory military service
So tremendous…for the draft: So great was the rush to enlist at the recruitment centers that the worried and troubled sergeants (who were in charge of the job) actually pleaded with the young volunteers to go home and wait until they were called up for service.
unabated adj.: sustaining an original intensity or maintaining full force with no decrease
P 6: spirit of carnival: festive spirit, spirit of revelry and merrymaking
high: characterized by sublime, heroic, or stirring events; exciting
a good taste of: metaphor, to have real or thorough experience of
Naturally…warfare: Naturally, the festive spirit and the enthusiasm for exciting military adventure disappeared once the eager young men experienced what 20th century warfare was really like
to: used to indicate result, they fought with distinction resulting in their lasting glory
distinction: the quality that makes one seem superior or worthy of special recognition; to serve with distinction
to their…distinction: the young people fought very bravely and well and as a result they will always be honored and admired
contingent n.: a share or quota, as of troops, contributed to a general effort分遣队
action: military combat in general
whose idealism…of action: the young men of college age were idealists so they joined the army early and took part in a lot of real fighting
bombast n.: grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing
Fourth-of-July bombast: pompous and patriotic speeches made during the Fourth of July celebrations To them…years earlier: These young men felt very bitter when they returned to their home town which was almost unaffected by the war. The native people here were still taking pompously and patriotically as the young men themselves had done a few years ago. The young men who had seen considerable action were now disillusioned and hardened people.
recession n.: an extended decline in general business activity
open up: make available or accessible
problem: very difficult to deal with esp. to train or discipline a problem child
It was even…did exist: They felt more bitter because they couldn?t find jobs. Their old jobs were taken by those who stayed at home and did not fight in the war. There were no new jobs because of the economic recession and the few jobs that were there were given to non-veterans because the bosses felt the veterans were difficult people to handle
they had outgrown…understand: metaphor, comparing their unsuitability to growing too large for one?s clothes. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families. They suddenly felt very confused and weary of the world. They and their relatives could not understand why this happened.
whip up: to rouse; excite
their energies…by the war: the war released their inhibited energies and destroyed their innocence and simplicity
curb v.: to check, restrain, or control as if with a curb
resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence: to resume living and behaving simply and innocently as the former Victorian social structure required them to do. If they did this, they would be deceiving themselves because they knew this Victorian morality was now outmoded and wrong
they were being…for democracy”: these veterans returning from the war were disillusioned people but filled with violent energy released by the war. They knew they did not fight to make the world safe for
democracy but for the imperial interests of the different nations. They knew the old Victorian social structure in the U. S. was out-of-date and should be changed. Yet they were now being asked to hold in check these energies released by the war and to start living and behaving as they did before the war started.
sodden adj.: expressionless, stupid, or dull, esp. from drink
The returning veteran…profiteers: The returning veteran soldiers also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did. They had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-satisfied patriotic air of the war profiteers.
give: to bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure
Something…give: (Under this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
after a short period…of behavior: after a short period of bitter indignation, the young people reacted by completely overthrowing the polite and refined standards of behavior.
P 7: Greenwich Village…pattern: metonymy, The writers and artists living in Greenwich Village set the example which other young intellectuals throughout the country followed.
dubious reputation: a reputation that was questionable, shady
Bohemianism and eccentricity: the two words here are more or less synonymous, both emphasizing the odd and unconventional lives of the intellectuals and artists
The village had…eccentricity: Greenwich Village had long been widely but unfavorably known for its unconventional and nonconforming way of life.
harbor v.: to provide a place, home, or habitat for
Babbittry: (after George Babbitt, title character of a satirical novel 1922 by Sinclair Lewis) a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values
it was only natural…artistic center: metonymy, “pens” standing for their writing and “Babbittry” for qualities once displayed by George Babbitt. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.
to pour out…sensation: they employed their newly acquired creative strength to write vigorously; to demolish the old world (by attacking everything that represented it); to scoff at the morality that their grandfathers respected (by living Bohemian and eccentric lives), and by spending all their time, energy and money on art, love and the pursuit of new sensations.
P 8: Soon…non-intellectuals: Soon there appeared many young people who were not writers or artists but who imitated them.
defy v.: to oppose or resist with boldness and assurance
own little matchsticks: metaphor, misdeeds compared to matchsticks, they helped to intensify the flame of revolt
conflagration n.: a large, destructive fire
to add…“flaming youth”: metaphor, the revolt of the young compared to a conflagration. Many other young people began to intensify and spread this revolt of the young by their own misdeeds (breaking the law and living unconventional lives)
it was…flame: metonymy and metaphor, the young intellectuals living in Greenwich Village helped to keep the revolt alive and to spread it throughout the country
“Bohemian”…fad: living Bohemian lives became a craze or passing fashion
fast: living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way; a fast crowd
set n.: a group of persons sharing a common interest
Each town…unconventionality: Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who
lived unconventional lives
country club: a suburban club for social and sports activities, usu. featuring a golf course
§What is the main difference between the country club class and its less affluent imitators?
this self-conscious…the nation: deliberately living an unconventional life soon became a common thing among rich young people (those who could afford to join country clubs). It also became a common feature among less rich people throughout the country.
pulpit n.: clerics considered as a group神职人员的总称
§What rhetorical device has been used in this sentence?
Before long…irresistible: metonymy, pulpit representing the church. Before long this movement was officially accepted as a fact by the church, by the movies and magazines, and by the advertising agencies, but they showed their recognition in different ways. The church denounced it from the pulpit. The movies and magazines pretended to denounce it but in reality succeeded in making it more attractive by depicting it as sth. naughty. The advertising agencies encouraged it indirectly by playing up sex attraction in their advertisements selling from cigarettes to automobiles.
Belleau Wood: small forest in France; site of a battle in WWI, fought between German and U.S. troops in Belleau Wood, a wooded tract less than 2.6 sq km (1 sq mi) in area, located northeast of Paris. A German drive toward Paris had been halted, and the Germans were entrenched 用壕沟围住in Belleau Wood when on June 6, 1918, they were attacked by a U.S. Marine brigade attached to the Second Division of the American Expeditionary Force and commanded by General James Guthrie Harbord. The marines repeatedly attacked, fighting through matted underbrush and over rocky ground. On June 24 they launched a final successful drive to capture Belleau Wood. The American casualties were more than 7800 officers and men killed, wounded, and missing. The German losses were also severe.
Chateau Thierry: town in Northern France, on the Marne; scene of intensive fighting in WWI; part of the Second Battle of the Marne马恩河, in World War I. It is notable in American history as the first victorious action of American troops in that war.
who had been playing…Chateau-Thierry: At the time the young soldiers were fighting the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, their younger brothers and sisters at home, who were still very small, were playing with marbles and dolls.
vulgar: of, characteristic of, belonging to, or common to the great mass of people in general; common; popular; a vulgar superstition
who had suffered…rebellion: metaphor, comparing living unconventional lives to playing with toys. these young brothers and sisters did not take part in the war, so they had no feeling of real disillusionment or loss. Nevertheless they began to imitate the manners of their elders and live the unconventional and nonconforming lives of those who were rebelling against society.
Their parents…new gaiety: At first the parents of these younger people were shocked by the decadent lives of their children, but soon they themselves and their friends began to adopt the new Bohemian and eccentric way of life.
the “wild party”…Floral heights: living and acting in wild, unconventional ways had become as common a sight and an accepted mode of American life as the flapper, the Model T, or the Dutch Colonial home in Floral Heights.
P 9: Meanwhile…to standardization: The true intellectuals who started the revolt against society did not feel pleased or honored by the imitation of their life-style by so many people. What they really wanted was to change America. They wanted the American people to respond more readily and deeply to art and culture, to be less greedy for material gain, and not to accept standardization so easily.
avid adj.: marked by keen interest and enthusiasm; greedy
rotary adj.: a part or device that rotates around an axis
Instead…Rotary luncheon: People did not pay attention to their ideas. Instead their Bohemian manners and behavior were imitated by everybody. This wild and eccentric way of life became as standard and
conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon.
diatribe n.: a bitter, abusive denunciation
boobery: smug, self-satisfied, conformist墨守陈规者in cultural matters
Flaming diatribes…society: They began to write bitter, abusive criticism denouncing the materialism and cultural Babbitry of American society
the rallying point…America: metaphor, comparing the book to a rallying point. The critical articles written by sensitive persons (young intellectuals) disgusted with America were to be found in the book burden: repeated, central idea; theme; the burden of a speech
The burden…being ignored: The main theme of all the articles in the book was that people were not paying serious attention to what the most gifted and intelligent people (the young intellectuals) were saying
adjunct n.: sth. attached to another in a dependent or subordinate position Journalism…moneymaking: Journalism is only a tool that helps businessmen to make money.
keep up with the Joneses: to strive to get all the material things one?s neighbors or associates have American family…inadequate: American families spend so much of their time on making money and strive so hard to get all the material things their neighbors have that their lives have become joyless, standardized, hypocritical and sexually unsatisfying.
show the way: to tell sb. how to get to a certain place; be an example to
§What are the rhetorical devices used in this sentence?
1.personification, America could see and hear nothing except the shining gleam and the ringing sound of the dollar;
2. metaphor, comparing America to a blind and deaf person;
3. metonymy, “glint and ring of the dollar”standing for “attraction of wealth and money”; The American people are not moved or stirred by anything. They are only conscious of money and wealth.
§The original meaning of “remedy” is medicine or therapy, that relieves pain, cures disease, or corrects a disorder, but what does it refer to here?
remedy n.: sth. that corrects an evil, a fault, or an error
§Why does the phrase “they do things better” put in quotes?
Perhaps it is because it was so written in one of the articles collected in the book Civilization in the U. S. there was little…better: the young sensitive intellectuals could find no cure for their worries and anxieties in America, so they emigrated to Europe where everything was done in a better way.
follow suit: to follow the example set
most if its…followed suit: most of the writers who contributed to the book Civilization in the U. S. did as they advised other people to do and left for Europe. Many more artistic people and those who hoped to become artistic people someday followed their example.
P 10: common denominator: a characteristic, element, etc, held in common
In no sense…of the times: The “lost generation”was in no ways a literary movement. It was only a name given by Gertrude Stein to the American expatriates living in Paris. Yet the attitude of these expatriate writers influenced other writers and their attitude was also expressed in most of the writings of their time.
Treaty of Versailles: city in NC France, near Paris, here it refers to the peace treaty signed at the end of WWI between Germany and the Allies. It was negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference held in Versailles beginning January 18, 1919. Represented were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy; the treaty was signed on June 28, 1919, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles (The U.S. did not ratify the agreement but signed a separate Treaty of Berlin with Germany on July 2, 1921.). The treaty mandated a number of restrictive and compensatory measures for Germany, including massive demilitarization and financial reparations.
The war…was dead: The horrors and senselessness of war, the power politics of Versailles that displayed no regard for the sincere ideals for which the war was supposed to have been fought, convinced
these young men and women that the world no longer cared for things of the spirit, for intellectual pursuits, or for the refinement of thought and feeling.
the defeated aesthete: John Andrews is a character in Dos Passos? first successful novel Three Soldiers (1921). He is highly sensitive to art and beauty but fails to succeed in life.
§What does the phrase “try to find their souls” mean?
who tried…Left Bank: all these novelists, dramatists, poets and critics who lived in Antibes and on the Left Bank tried to discover their true moral or spiritual nature while living in these places
who directed…native land: these people wrote bitter and critical articles, stories, etc., attacking the U. S., their native land.
drift v.: to be carried along by currents of air or water
who, almost…homesickness: almost everyone of them came back one after another within a few years to the U. S. because they all felt unhappy and depressed at being away from home and family.
to produce works…society: they came back to the U. S. and their experience of a more urbane and worldly-wise society (of Europe).
P 11: lost: spiritually or physically destroyed
uprooted: destroyed or removed completely; forced to leave an accustomed or native location
write off: to drop from consideration
sterile: lacking imagination, creativity, or vitality; non-productive
could never be written…self-pity: no one could ignore this period and consider it non-productive for this decade produced many famous writers such as Dos Passos, Hemingway, Eugene O?Neill, F. Scott Fitzgerald, etc. Even in a moment of self-pity these writers themselves cannot but admit that their decade was a very productive one.
flay: to strip off the skin or outer covering of; to assail with stinging criticism
flayed…country: they bitterly attacked the smug, self-satisfied, conventional and materialistic people in the U. S. but loved America
and in so doing…experience: in the process of doing the above thing, these young intellectuals produced the liveliest, freshest and most stimulating literary works that America had so far ever seen.
《高级英语》考试大纲 一、课程性质及课程设置的目的和要求 （一）教学目的： 高级英语是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段（本科）的精读课，属必考课程。在语音、语调、词汇和语法的知识已经掌握，听、说、读、写、译的语言技能已经打好基础后，本课程的重点是：（1）提高阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学的词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用，正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；（2）提高语言表达能力，即能用英语解释、用汉语翻译文章中的难句，使用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、评论。 在这一阶段，学生应该能用辞典和其他工具书独立解决语言和文化、背景知识方面的难点，提高自学能力，增加自学能力，增加文化知识，尤其是所学语言国家（主要是英、美）的背景和文化知识，更好地使语言和文化结合在一起。 （二）教学要求： 本课程的教学要注重使用以学生为中心的讨论式教学方法。以目标语为授课和课堂交流语言。通过真实的交际型任务，创造好的语言产出环境，以便培养学生使用目标语言在高层次上表达、交流思想和分析问题的能力。同时要注重语言输入的质量和文化内涵，以便让学生得到真实和地道的语言信息。 本课程包括政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的文章。每课前附有导读课文后附有注释，包括作家介绍，历史背景，有关典故，语言难点并且每篇课文都配有大量的相关练习，包括课文理解、词汇练习、口头练习、中英互译和写作练习等。通过高级英语本课程的学习，学生应达到以下基本要求： （1）词汇：通过课堂学习和其他途径认知词汇达到10，000个，并能熟练地使用其中的4000个及其最常用的搭配，并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力。 （2）阅读：能顺利阅读语言难度较高、内容广泛、体裁多样的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，领会作者的观点和态度，能就文章的内容进行预测、分析、推理、判断和综合概括，能分析篇章结构，阅读速度达到每分钟180个词。能顺利查阅和使用工具书，参考书及其他参考资料。 （3）听力：能听懂题材熟悉，内容广泛，语速正常的英语讲话，广播，演讲等，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关的细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度，并能进行分析，推理和综合概括。 （4）口语：能就熟悉的话题进行交流，能就国内外重大问题与外宾进行流利而得体的交流，能系统，深入，连贯地发表自己的见解，语音基本正确，语调自然。 （5）写作：掌握基本的写作知识，能较好地掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段，同时能熟练地使用各种衔接手段连贯地表达思想。能在阅读难度与课文相当的书面材料时作笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要。能在半小时内就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示写出150—200字的短文。能写报告，评论，和日常应用文，内容完整，思路清楚。 （6）翻译：能运用翻译的理论和技巧，借助字典，将英美报刊上的文章和文学原著译成汉语或能将我国报刊，杂志上的文章译成英语，译文达意，语言通顺，译速为每小时英文为300单词，中文为250个汉字。 （7）文化：熟悉英语国家的地理，历史，文化传统和风俗习惯，具有较多的人文知识和科技知识。 二、课程内容 本课程教材共《高级英语》（上）和《高级英语》（下）两册。 教材精选课文32篇，每册16篇。读懂这32篇课文，并在此基础上完成课文后面练习题为考
Unit 6 I. Background to Text 1 Family is considered to be the “cell” of society. It is a group of people related to each other by blood or by marriage. There are extended families—a large group of relations living together or in close contact with each other. In such a family, usually several generations live under the same roof, including grandparents. On the other hand, there are “nuclear” families, consisting of parents and children. In some societies an extended family consists of a large group of people of different generations closely or distantly related, depending on each other for economic support and security. In others, even nuclear families can be very large with many children. In different countries, there are different policies for family size, and people take different attitude towards it. For instance, in some developed countries, people tend to marry late and have fewer children. Some governments have to give incentives to encourage births. However, in some developing countries, where people tend to have more children and population is growing so fast that it hinders the economic development and keeps the living standard low, governments are forced to formulate policies to limit family size. Of course, people still do not agree as to the matter of family size because there are a lot of factors involved such as economy, religion, cultural tradition, education and even politics. There are indeed advantages and disadvantages to have a number of brothers or sisters. This text is a narration of the experience by a young woman who was brought up with six other brothers or sisters. In her opinion, having a big family is a bad thing, for there is always competition among the brothers and sisters for things. They fight for better beds, for better places to watch TV, for own favourite TV programmes and for parents? care. They have no privacy, no peace and quiet because of too many friends (each has friends of their own) and pets and so on. For parents,
高级英语第二册第一课 教案 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Teaching Plan for Unit 1 I. Warming-up conversation 1. What's the topic of your conversation after you came back from home to the campus yesterday? (Teacher show them some phrases and expressions about New Year, and let them have a formal conversation in standard English.) 2. What kind of conversation do you prefer, the casual free talk in the dormitory or the conversation held in class Why 3.Analysis of the Title Pub is usually a place for low class people to get together. They meet friends there or go there to have a drink or just to relax. And what about the language How is it related to language To King’s language which belongs to the upper class or the well-educated people. How could these two totally unrelated things put together II.Background Information of the Text and the Author This topic can be introduced in several ways: 1.Chinese people’s oral English are commonly commented by foreigners or foreign teachers as “bookish” English; 2.by telling a joke about the first Chinese delegation to visit soviet union after China’s opening its door to the outside world. The soviet union asked an old scholar as an interpreter and his Chinese is like the ancient classic Chinese. 3.just to raise some question like the different expressions, such as standard English, social dialect, regional dialect, or writers of local colorism, such as Mark Twain or Jia Pinwa in China. 4.or the topic might be introduced by mentioning the “plain English movement” in academic writing. III.Detailed Study of the text
高级英语课程教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程代码：0305220308 课程类别：必修课 学时：总144学时；4学时/周 学分：8 适用专业：英语专业 开课院（系）：国际关系学院、翻译学院 开课学期：2011～2012学年 二、课程性质和任务 本课程系英语专业高年级阶段的一门训练学生英语综合技能和综合素质的主干课程，是语言学、文学、高级听力、高级写作的重要支撑。 本课程通过指导学生阅读情感、中西文化、哲学、文学、社会、教育、经济、政治、语言、环境等不同话题文章和拓展阅读材料，系统地讲授和讨论各类文体和话题的英语佳作的谋篇策略、修辞手段、阅读技巧、写作技巧等方面的综合知识，要求学生在熟练掌握英语语音、语法和词汇的基础上，能较系统地掌握英文修辞知识、基本逻辑和谋篇布局方法，提高阅读赏析能力、概括能力、表达能力，同时扩宽学生的知识面，构建通识知识框架，增强对文化差异的敏感性，培养学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力、批判性思维能力、自主学习能力。 三、教学目标及教学要求 本课程通过指导学生阅读和欣赏文体不同、话题广泛的英文文章和拓展材料，以期从把握语言特点、谋篇策略、修辞手段、阅读技巧和写作技巧等方面深化学生的语言综合技能；同时，通过不同话题的探讨，扩宽学生的知识面，构建通识知识框架，培养的概括能力、发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力、批判性思维能力、自主学习能力和认知能力等人文综合能力，从而提高学生的综合素质。 四、教学内容及学时分配 以下各单元的Section A作为课堂教学的内容，Section B作为拓展课及讨论课的内容。 Unit 1 Emotion（12学时） 目的要求：要求学生通过学习富有生活趣味和人生哲理的散文，反思自己的人生及情感体验，提高对人生的感性认识。把握叙事和论辩的艺术和策略，提升自己的表达能力和写作能力。基本内容： Section A The Woman in the Kitchen
高级英语写作教案示范 Part Two Basic Skill’s Training 基本技能训练 I.Teaching Materials See Part Two II.Teaching Aims 1.Teach the students how to use the most useful words appropriately. 2.Help the students make correct judgement about their own language mistakes and teach them to find out the correct ways to avoid the inappropriate, unidiomatic expressions. III.Teaching Time: 4 periods IV.Teaching Focuses 1.Unique ways of making correct judgement in choosing proper words to express oneself in writing. 2.General rules of correcting wordiness and omission in language. V.Teaching Procedures 1.Step One—Ask the students how many levels are there in language according to them? 2.Step Two—Give out some exercises concerning with the false usage of language and make corrections in class. 3.Step Three—Analysis and brief summary of each type of basic language training. 4.Step Four—Assignment VI.Detailed study of step one: a discussion on the formality of the words in different situations. VII.Detailed study of step two. Section One Choice of words措辞 The choice of words from one’s vocabulary can affect his writing style. Let’s look at two groups of words and compare them: Pretentious Wording(fml.) Common Wording(standard) in regards to concerning, about utilize use
Unit 1 I. Background to Text 1 The Natural Trust: A UK charity (i.e. a non-profit organization) founded in 1895 with the full name of Places of Historical Interest and Natural Beauty. The Trust owns historic buildings, gardens and land, which it opens to the public. Text I is taken from the Trust’s own magazine, issued to its members. The writers are 17-18-year-old students. Environment:The combination of external conditions that surround and influence a living organism, including light, temperature, availability of food and water, climatic conditions, geographical area, pollution by chemicals, radiation, noise, etc., the presence of other organisms possibly competing for the same resources, and the physical and chemical nature of the immediate surroundings, e.g. soil, sea water. The environment of human beings also includes social, cultural, economic and political factors, and the room, building, town, region, or country in which a person lives. II. Detailed study of the text 1. As young people we have a vested interest in…(L.1) vested interest: (often derog.) a share or right already held in something that is of advantage to the holder; used to show a good reason for someone to act in a particular way 2. …all the complexities of the issues involved…(L.3) 1) complexity: used both countably and uncountably to show (an example of) the state of being complex, e.g. the complexities of tax law; a diplomatic problem of great complexity 2) issue: an important subject to be discussed, argued about or determined …the issues are very complex, involving many different factors… 3. ...it is vital to conserve the countryside… conserve: preserve; keep from being wasted, damaged, or destroyed 4. Although we often take the beautiful rural scenery of North Devon for grant ed, we want to maintain the kind of diversity of landscapes…(L.6) 1) take sth. /sb. for granted: accept a fact or situation without questioning its rightness or thinking much about 2) maintain:continue to have, do etc. as before; keep something in good condition by making repairs or taking good care of it 3) diversity: variety; the condition of being different 5. …at the invitation of the National Trust. (L.9) …invited by the National Trust 6. The patchwork quilt of fields…(L.9) The fields of different s izes and colours looking like a patchwork quilt… 7. …probably at the expense of some of the least productive farmland. (L.14)
国家级精品课程《高级英语》课程建设方案 一、建设目标:用五年时间，把高级英语建设成为一门充分践行“学生本位”、“素质本位”思想，人文色彩浓郁，时代内涵丰富，教学方法创新，教学手段先进，教学环境信息化特色突出，课程评价体系完善，自我革新能力强的高年级“核心”课程。 二、建设步骤:本课程建设将在多项“分目标”同时并举的基础上，采取分层次、有优先、有重点、逐年推进的建设方略。具体规划如下: 1.人文及时代内涵建设 (1)本课程组刚刚编写、出版的《新编高级英语教程》取材广泛，选材新颖，时代性强，人文内涵丰富，这为本课程实现未来5年的“人文及时代内涵”建设目标打下了坚实的基础。 (2)适时引入、编写一批教辅、学辅材料，进一步扩充本课程人文内涵，保持其时代性。 (3)在课堂教学中，充分挖掘现有教材的人文内涵，探索有利于培养学生人文素养和科学创新精神的授课形式。 (4)将对学生人文、科学精神的培养作为设计、开展实践课教学的基本要求之一。 2.教学环境信息化建设 (1)“高英”课堂教学网建设:A. 完善并适时更新现有的电子资料库——CAI课件，背景知识、作者简介、语言知识点、文本赏析、注释、相关话题导引、习题、试题等教辅、学辅材料;B. 逐步实现课程全部模块授课录像并上网;C. 在现有朗文、韦氏、金山词霸等在线词典的基础上，再投放几部高质量的网络词典;D. 建设网上学习资料下载平台。
(2)校园网、局域网建设与利用:A. 进一步拓展校园网的“资源”功能;B. 开展网上资源利用研讨活动;C. 进一步发掘Internet网上学习资源，提供具体链接地址。 (3)在线语料库建设:A. 探索能充分利用现有BNC、BROWN，LOB，LDC等在线语料库的教学新形式;B.适时购进1-2个切合“高英”(及其它课程)教学、科研需要的国、内外语料库(尤其是英、汉平行语料库);C.力争自主建设1-2个切合本课程及其它多门课程教学、科研需要的校本语料库。 3.教学过程建设 (1)课堂教学建设:A. 教学理念与方法:开展对学生期望的理想教学形式的调查分析，进一步探索能充分实践启发、体验式、发现式、研究式、合作式等现代教学理念的有效授课形式，拓展其内涵。B. 教学资源:探索能有效利用现有多功能教学资源形式的途径和方法;开辟新的资源形式;加强网络教学资源的动态性、再创性、多样性、结构合理性研究。C. 教学手段:探索能增强课堂感染力、提高教学效果的各种传统及信息化教学手段。D. 加强信息化学习方式(如适应性学习、WebQuest 学习，探险性学习)及其影响因素的研究。E.加强课堂教学评估指标研究。 (2)在线辅助教学建设:A. 创建网上学习社区，构筑学生自主学习平台。B. 创设BBS电子布告板系统，增加师生互动。C. 建立师生个人电子档案，探索在线教学规律。D.加强网上教学实践技术培训。 (3)实践课建设:A. 融高年级学生毕业论文写作与实践课教学于一体;B.通过实践课培养学生的体验式、探究式学习能力以及人文素养和科学创新精神;C.通过实践课为学生提供就业、创业的体验和能力训练;D.探索一切行之有效的实践课形式，培养学生获取知识的能力、创新能力，交流能力、协作能力、适应工作的能力、知人处事的能力以及灵活应变的能力。 4.革新能力建设
Unit Three Ships in the Desert Teaching Object: English majors of junior year Time: 8 periods Teaching Aims: ·To enable students to get better understanding of the text ·To help students learn to use new words and useful expressions in the text ·To enable students learn to paraphrase some complicated sentences ·To enable students to learn the use of rhetoric devices in the text ·To help students appreciate the techniques of argumentative writing ·To arouse students’ awareness of enviromental protection Teaching Focus: ·Background Information ·Language points and expressions ·Main idea summarizing ·Figures of speech ·Writing practice Teaching Difficulties: ·Appreciation of argumentative writing style ·Paraphrasing some sentences ·Identifying figures of speech ·Translating some sentences Teaching Procedures: ·Background information ·Question to ponder ·Structural analysis ·Detailed study of the text ·Writing skills ·Exercises Time Allocation：8 periods, 360minutes ·Background information (45 minutes) ·Intensive study of the text (225 minutes) ·Exercise (90 minutes) I. Background Information AL Gore: born in I948 in Washington D.C., U.S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee, and U.S. Vice-President (1992-2000) under President Bill Clinton. He failed to won the great presidential election in 2000 with a controversial results. Some people say his failure was, to a large extent, a result of the negative effects of Clinton's scandal. But more people are convincing that he will win next time. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. Global warming: the earth is getting warmer due to the heat from gas in industry, and surfs heat accumulated because of too many man-made pollutants. The
Unit 2 I. Background to Text 1 biography: an account of a person’s life, usually written by someone else and published or intended for publication. As a literary form it has become increasingly popular since the second half of the 17th century. It was rare before. The origins of biography are to be found in the early accounts of monarchs and heroes, for example in the Greek, Celtic and Scandinavian epics and sagas. During the Middle Ages there little biography. But at the renaissance biography, like autobiography—written by oneself acquired considerable interest. The 17th century was the most important period for the development of English biography. Since the 1950s the art of biography has burgeoned, and biography has become a major publishing industry. Scores of new biographies have been written each year. There is a vast quantity of historical and political biography, and majority of those have become prominent in the performing arts and in sports. Literary biography has become immensely popular. Literary biography is usually long and reads like novels. Most of the biographies such as we see in encyclopedia are condensed, recording only the most important events or achievements which the subject is remembered for. II. Detailed study of the text 1. …“one of the great names in the history of human thought,”… (L.4) one of the great thinkers in human history… 2. grammar school (L.12): formerly a English secondary school emphasizing the study of academic rather than technical subjects 3. He was considered a poor student (L.13). He was thought of as a student who did badly in his study. This implies that it was not true since he turned out to be a great scientist. 4. sundial (L.16): an instrument that uses sunlight to tell the time, by the changing position of the shadow that a vertical arm that casts on a horizontal plate with graded markings 5. He showed no exceptional ability during his college career, and was graduated in 1665 without any particular distinction. (L.19) As a college student he did not show any special ability and graduated like anybody else without special honours. 1) exceptional: (adj) unusually good; outstanding 2) distinction: special consideration or honour 6.…as a fellow of Trinity College…
《高级英语1》教学大纲 课程类别：专业核心课（必修） 课程代码：H131025 中文名称：高级英语1 英文名称：Advanced English 1 学时学分：64学时/4学分 预修课程：基础英语、英语泛读、语法 适用专业：英语 开课学院：外国语学院 一、课程的地位、目标和任务 《高级英语1》是英语专业本科高级阶段（第五学期）的一门专业核心必修课，该门课是低年级基础英语课程的延伸和发展，其重点在于提高学生阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用，正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；提高学生语言表达能力，能用英语表达与交流思想；提高学生逻辑思维和判断评述能力，能用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、评论。学生能用辞典和其它工具书独立解决语言、文化以及背景知识方面的难点，增加文化知识，尤其是英语语言国家的背景知识和文化知识，更好地将语言和文化结合起来。 二、与相关课程的联系与分工 本课程的预修课程是基础英语、英语阅读和英语语法，这些课程的学习是学好高级英语的前提和基础，高级英语是这些课程的进一步拓展和延伸。 三、教学方法 教学活动可以采用如下形式：学生根据教学指令完成书上所规定的任务；教师进行讲解活动；学生一对一对地讨论和活动；学生以小组为单位讨论和活动；一人对全班或小组之间开展活动；小组对小组之间开展活动；如果有平行班，可以进行班级对班级之间的交流活动；教师与学生之间讨论和活动。活动的组合应该经常变动，鼓励学生尽可能地扩大接触其他学生的机会。教学活动的成败取决于如下因素：是否帮助学生明确任务目的和要求；是否对任务的难度进行了调整；是否给学生提供了“范例”；在任务过程中是否给学生提供了及时的支持（如解释语言、提供语言形式、澄清思路等）。本课程的教学可采用多媒体作为辅助教学手段能够达到更好的教学效果。 四、学时分配
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1. 配额外国语言文学类84门（03年-10年）已经建成57门（大学英语25门，42%）估计09-10年：10门左右一级学科文学二级学科03-10年 09-10年 03-10年已入选 09-10年课程总配额配额外国语言文学类845727
“课程思政”教学案例（附说明） 一、案例名称（主题） 比照中美经济发展模式差异，坚定“四个自信”，建设富强民主的社会主义现代化强国 二、结合章节 英语专业：《高级英语II》第十四单元浮士德经济学（《高级英语第二册》第三版重排版） 三、教学目标 1.知识目标 词汇知识：掌握课文中的新词汇与表达，拓展有关经济学、经济发展规律、中美经济发展模式的中英文表述。 语篇知识：了解说明文的语篇特点，语篇衔接与连贯。 文化知识：了解美国经济发展的历史条件、制约因素、模式特点，以及相较于美国经济发展模式，中国特色社会主义经济发展模式的制度优越性。 2.能力目标 综合英语应用能力：围绕中美经济发展模式的主题，通过听、说、读、写、译等语言技能训练，提高学生的综合英语应用能力。 跨文化交际能力：通过比照中美经济发展模式差异，探讨两者历史条件及模式特点，提高学生跨文化交际能力，培养学生运用英文进行中国文化表达的能力。
逻辑思辨能力：引导学生辩证地思考、分析中美经济发展模式的差异，通过对西方经济发展模式的批判性思辨及讨论，培养学生逻辑思辨能力。 3.素质目标 思想道德：增强学生对我国社会主义经济发展模式的认同与信心，坚定“四个自信”，树立为中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗的坚强决心。人文素养：培养学生传承中国优秀传统文化及价值理念，帮助学生形成正确的国家和民族认同。 专业素质：通过比照及思辨，培养学生运用中英双语表述中国特色社会主义的发展观，表达中国立场，传播中国文化的能力和素质。 四、案例意义 以“比照中美经济发展模式差异”为授课主题，引入有关“四个自信”的思政元素。通过了解浮士德经济学的概念、内容、实质，以及中国特色社会主义四个自信的有关表述和内涵，引导学生认识浮士德经济学发展模式的实质，并对比分析中西方经济发展模式的差异。通过分析说明美国现行经济模式是一种基于无节制地消耗自然资源的浮士德经济，帮助学生进一步理解美国经济发展模式的本质，能够正确认识“四个自信”的重要价值，批判西方现行经济发展模式，增强对中国特色社会主义发展道路的自信。 五、教学过程 本单元教学过程包括课前准备、教学主题呈现、课堂讲解与讨论、观点分享与课后拓展四个部分，计划8个学时。其中课前准备与课后
《高级英语Ⅰ》课程教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程名称：高级英语Ⅰ课程英文名称: Advanced EnglishⅠ 课程类别: 专业基础课课程属性：必修 学分：3 学时：54学期共1学期 考核方式：笔试＋口试 二、课程性质及教学目的 根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》培养目标要求，高等院校英语专业要培养具有扎实的基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、有较强适应能力、应变能力、自主能力和良好身心素质的复合型英语人才。在基础阶段的英语教学完成以后，必须继续进行更高一级的英语阅读教学。高级英语课程是英语专业基础阶段综合英语课程在高层次上的延续，是一门训练学生阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的综合英语技能课程，是一门专业必修课。 顺应时代和社会的要求，我系高年级综合英语教研组在总结传统教学经验、在探索新的教学理念、学习现代教育技术的基础上，以语言教学理论和多媒体网络教学技术理论为基础，以更新教学内容和手段、重组教学结构为出发点，大力改革高级英语课堂教学模式，把课堂教学和多媒体网络技术相结合，寻求以学生为中心的互动性、协作性、个性化的高年级综合英语教学模式。学生通过多媒体课堂教学、课后自主学习，巩固和深化语言基础知识、提高词义辨析能力，扩大词汇量，阅读和分析涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的名家作品，扩大知识面，加深对社会和人生的理解；培养学生对名篇分析和欣赏能力，逻辑思维与独立思考能力，使学生增强对文化差异的敏感性；初步了解各种修辞手段和各种写作技巧；使学生能够熟悉常用的文学、科技等词汇；并引发学习者对社会、历史、科学和文化等重大问题的自我思考能力，全面发展学生的语言技能、思辨能力、赏析能力、解决问题的能力，从而培养学生的语言综合运用能力，提高其自主学习、持续学习的能力。