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毕业设计英文翻译中英文对照版

毕业设计英文翻译中英文对照版
毕业设计英文翻译中英文对照版

Feasibility assessment of a leading-edge-flutter wind power generator

前缘颤振风力发电机的可行性评估

Luca Caracoglia卢卡卡拉克格里亚

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington A venue, Boston, MA 02115, USA美国东北大学土木与环境工程斯内尔工程中心400,亨廷顿大道360,波士顿02115

This study addresses the preliminary technical feasibility assessment of a mechanical apparatus for conversion of wind energy. 这项研究涉及的是风能转换的机械设备的初步技术可行性评估。The proposed device, designated as ‘‘leading-edge-fl utter wind power generator’’, employs aeroelastic dynamic instability of a blade airfoil, torsionally rotating about its leading edge. 这种被推荐的定义为“前缘颤振风力发电机”的设备,采用的气动弹性动态不稳定叶片翼型,通过尖端旋转产生扭矩。Although the exploitation of aeroelastic phenomena has been proposed by the research community for energy harvesting, this apparatus is compact, simple and marginally susceptible to turbulence and wake effects.虽然气动弹性现象的开发已经有研究界提出可以通过能量采集。The objective of this study was to identify a conceptual configuration that could become operational at low and medium wind speeds.本研究的目的是确定一个概念性的配置,有可能在低和中等风速下运作。

Pre- and post-critical regimes are simulated; the prediction of mechanical efficiency in the absence of dissipation is also discussed.前后临界机制是模拟的;还讨论了在没有消耗的机械效率下的预测。2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.2010爱斯维尔有限公司保留所有权利。

前缘颤振风力发电机可行性评估

1、Introduction引言

This study analyzes the feasibility of a conceptually simple mechanism for wind energy harvesting.这项研究是针对风能收集的一个简单的概念性原理的的可行性分析。The proposed device was

based on the exploitation of the leading-edge torsional aeroelastic instability of a‘‘blade airfoil’’,and was desig natedas ‘‘leading-edge-flutter wind power generator’’(LEFWPG).该装置是根据开发尖端扭转弹性不稳定的一个叶片翼型,并设计'l前缘颤振风力发电机”。Flutter (Scanlan and Rosenbaum, 1968) is a well known mechanism of dynamic aeroelastic instability, in which energy can be extracted from the wind.颤振(斯坎伦·罗森鲍姆,1968)是一个众所周知的原理,利用气动弹性的不稳定性从风中提取能量。This energy might possibly be re-captured and transformed into electrical power.这种能量可能是可以被重新获得并转化为电能。

The LEFWPG is conceptually advantageous, since it is simpler than similar aeroelastic generators proposed in the literature, which involve a pitching/heaving oscillation in two degrees of freedom.。这种LEFWPG在原理上是有优势的,因为它比同类气动发电机的文献中提

出的更加简单,其中包括一个双自由度的投手/起伏振动(原理)。For example, the ‘‘flapping wing power generator’’ (FWPG; Shimizu et al., 2008) utilizes the principle of two-degree-of-freedom classical flutter of airfoils.例如,“扑翼风力发电机”(FWPG;清水等人,2008)采用了双自由度的经典颤振分析的原则。Based on the same mechanism as that of the FWPG, another apparatus was recently proposed (Matsumoto et al., 2006), exploiting coupled flutter of a rectangular plate with a very large width-to-depth ratio.基于同样的原理,作为该FWPG,另一个原理是最近提出的(松本等人。,2006),利用耦合颤振的矩形板的一个非常大的宽厚比。In the latter case, aeroelastic vibration is dominated by the heaving mode, which must be ‘‘triggered’’ by externally forcing a torsional harmonic oscillation (Matsumoto et al., 2006).在后一种情况下,气动弹性振动主要是由冻胀模式主导,它必须是被外部强迫扭转谐波振荡触发的(松本等人。,2006)。A similar concept of ‘‘flutter mill’’, using a thin flexible plat e immersed in an axial flow, was recently investigated (Tang et al., 2009); it was shown that the flutter mill also possesses promising potential for practical implementation.''颤动磨”一个类似的观念,使用一个灵活的薄钢板沉浸在轴向流动,(这是)最近的调查(唐等人。,2009);结果表明,颤振也具有良好的发展潜力和实际可行性。

One example of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) aeroelastic generator, similar to the LEFWPG, is the ‘‘aeroelastic wind energy converter’’ (A WEC; Ahmadi, 1978, 1979, 1983).一个例子是一个单自由度(SDOF)气动发电机,类似于LEFWPG,叫''气动弹性风能转换器”(A WEC;艾哈迈迪,1978,1979,1983)。This device is based on the principle of torsional flutter but relies on dynamic instability of an ‘‘H-shaped’’, aerodynamically bluff blade, which is prone to torsional flutter (Matsumoto et al., 2003).这个装置的原理是通过扭转颤振但依靠动态不稳定的一个H形,容易扭转颤振的翼钝刀片,(松本等人,2003)。

This apparatus can be effective at medium wind velocity but suffers from low efficiency during energy harvesting (Ahmadi, 1978).本装置对于中等风速但是患于低效率的能源提取是有效的(艾哈迈迪,1978)。As also experimentally confirmed (Ahmadi, 1979), an explanation for possibly reduced efficiency of the A WEC may be related to irregular aeroleastic properties of the bluff cross section, which are amplitude and wake dependent (Schmidt et al., 1999).而且通过实验证实(艾哈迈迪,1979),一个可能降低效率AWEC的解释可能与不规则的aeroleastic性质的钝截面,其振幅和唤醒依赖性(施密特等人,1999)。Furthermore, the H-shaped blade may potentially be susceptible to other undesired vibration regimes, such as vortex shedding (Matsumoto et al., 2003), below the wind velocity above which the converter becomes an active harvester.此外,H形刀片可能会受到其他不良振动状态影响,如涡脱落(松本等人。,2003),低于风速以上的转换成为一个活跃的收割机。In contrast, the LEFWPG employs either a simple mechanism (torsion only) or a ‘‘streamlined blade’’, which is less sensitive to wind conditions and undesirable aerodynamic effects than a bluff section.与此相反,LEFWPG采用一个简单的原理(扭矩)或“'streamlined刀片”,这是不敏感的风力条件和不良的空气动力学的影响超过极限限度。This ‘‘blade airfoil’’ is also marginally affected by buffeting in the presence of turbulence, which would likely affect the integrity of the device below flutter threshold and influence its operational regime.这种'叶片翼型”也受湍流抖振的轻微影响,这可能会影响到完整的设备下面颤振阈值并影响其运行状态。

This paper is organized as follows: a preliminary plan of the device and description of the analytical model for determining minimum operational velocity are presented in Section 2; Section 3 discusses results of the parametric investigation conducted to identify opera- tional regimes of a prototype; in Section 4 the post-critical dynamic vibration states are numerically investigated and a closed-form expression for prediction of the performance of the LEFWPG is discussed; in Section 6 some concluding remarks are offered.本文的组织如下:在第2节将初步进行一个用于确定其最低的运行速度的分析模型的原理和描述的计划;第3节讨论参数化研究的结果对opera- tional体制的原型进行鉴定;在第4节,超过临界点的动态振动状态的数值研究和讨论一个闭型表达式可预见性能的LEFWPG;第5部分提供的是结语部分。

2Preliminary conceptual plan and dynamic modeling of the LEFWPG初步概念性规划和动态建模的LEFWPG

Fig. 1 depicts the conceptual model of the LEFWPG in a single- blade configuration. The figure shows a generic horizontal-plane cross section.图1描述了LEFWPG的概念模型在单个叶片上的轮廓。图中显示一个通用的横向平面截面。The LEFWPG is composed of a rotating streamlined airfoil, indicated in the schematic as a NACA0012 blade.该LEFWPG是由一个旋转流线型翼型,表示在图作为一个NACA0012叶片。The LEFWPG rotate s about avertical,longitudinal axis(z) located at pole ‘‘O’’.该LEFWPG旋转约垂直,纵向轴(2)位于极点O。This pole is an idealized rotation center, located windward with respect to the direction of the approaching wind.这个点是一个理想的旋转中心,位于迎风的方向来接近风。The orientation about the vertical axis was preferred to maximize performance of the apparatus and to avoid dependence on potential gravitational energy.垂直轴是首选的方向,以此最大限度地提高装置的性能和避免依赖于潜在的引力能量。The blade airfoil, assumed as a rigid body, is anchored to a vertical structural support through a flexible ‘‘torsional anchorage’’.叶片翼型,假定为刚体,是固定在一个垂直的支撑结构,通过一个灵活的'扭转的固着点”。The schematic in Fig. 1 is conceptual and includes a mechanical transmission system coupled to an energy converter, which is not discussed here.在图1的示意图是概念性的并且包括一个机械传动系统耦合的能量转换器,(我们)在这里不做讨论。

In Fig. 1, the system is connected to the structural support through the linear torsionally flexible anchorage, idealized as a torsional spring enabling rotation a about pole O. 在图1中,该系统连接到支撑结构,通过线性扭矩灵活的定点,理想化为一个扭转弹簧,使其绕点o旋转。This simplified model is acceptable for small eccentricity of the anchorage from the support.这种简化的模型对小偏心支撑的定点是可以接受的。In this preliminary analysis the mean wind component U whose direction is parallel to the horizontal axis (x) is assumed as a constant,independent of the vertic alaxis coordinate z and time t,在此初步分析假定为一个常数,独立的VERTIC alaxis坐标z和时间t,平均风速分量u,其方向是平行的水平轴(X)。Even though the blade airfoil (Fig.

1) is streamlined, it is still susceptible to leading-edge torsional flu tter, which can induce harmonic vibration a。叶片翼型(图1),即使是简化的,它仍然是很容易引起谐波振动的尖端扭转颤振。The dynamic behavior of the LEFWPG was simulated as a SDOF ‘‘pitching’’ airfoil of width2b and heig ht L。oriented in the vertical plane (z) LEFWPG的动态特性是在一个单自由度的“投球”机翼上进行模拟的,其宽度2b和高度L。在垂直平面(Z)为导向。Rotation (pitch) angles a 。and moments in Fig. 1 are taken positive

if clockwise.如图1,顺时针方向旋转角度a。

3. Preliminary parametric investigation to determine operational ranges

3。初步确定参数运行范围

A numerical solu tion algorithm was implemented for the simultaneous solu tion of Eqs.施行联立方程的数值求解算法。

5. Concluding remarks5。结束语

This study describes preliminary feasibility analysis of a wind energy system, based on the exploitation of an aeroelastic device, controlled by a ‘‘benign flutter’’ mechanism induced by an initial external disturbance.这项研究对一个基于汽弹原理开发,由最初的外部干扰引起的“良性颤动”机制控制的风力发电系统进行了初步可行性分析。This apparatus, designated as LEFWPG (leading-edge flutter wind power generator), utilizes a ‘‘blade airfoil’’, which is marginally affected by wind directionality, undesired buffeting vibration in turbulent flows, and is potentially insensitive to vortex shedding.这种被定义为LEFWPG(前缘颤振风力发电机)的设备,利用一种容易被定向风和不希望的湍流抖振并且可能是敏感的脱落漩涡所影响的“叶片翼型”。

The proposed device might possibly be suitable for an application at a small to medium scale, as a complement to other wind energy systems, due to an apparently simple operational principle and low operational velocity. The LEFWPG, less visually impactful, could possibly be installed in a multiple-blade arrangement to meet power requirements.作为该设备适用于小到中等规模的应用,用于工作原理简单和运行速度低的条件下,作为其他风力发电系统的补充。这种具有较少视觉冲击力的LEFWPG,,也可以被安装多个叶片,以满足电力需求。

An initial parametric investigation indicated that low critical flutter veloc ity thresholds, above which the proposed apparatus would harvest energy, are possible. The post-critical vibration regimes were also preliminarily investigated by numerical methods.一个初始参数的调查表明,低到颤振临界速度的极值,高至上述提到的装置将收获的能源,是可能得到的。后临界的振动机制也是进行初步研究数值的方法。

Future studies should address the following aspects: nonlinear dynamic simulations to confirm the stable post-critical flutter vibration, perhaps more realistic modeling of aeroelastic forces near stall of the blade airfoil, design of a mechanical system capable of converting the pitching motion into a rotating mechanism and experimental testing of a reduced-scale model.未来的研究应解决以下几个方面问题:非线性动态模拟,确认稳定后颤振临界振动,也许更逼真的气弹影响接近的叶片失速翼型设计的机械系统的造型,能设计出够将俯仰运动转换成旋转机制的机械系统以减少缩尺模型实验测试。

Acknowledgments致谢

The anonymous reviewers of this manuscript are gratefully acknowledged for their insightful and constructive observations, which contributed to a more comprehensive study and discussion of results.

感谢这个手稿的匿名评审们的洞察力和建设性的意见,这有助于进行更全面的研究和得出讨论的结果。

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