IELTS阅读分类词汇
===阅读分类词汇===心理
theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory
methodology 方法论(method)
physiology 生理学(physiological)
psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient
sensation 感觉,知觉(另)轰动sensational
perception 感知,认知
intuition 知觉(intuitive)
ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perception)
motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …)
incentive 激励因素
stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation
disorder 紊乱,失调
dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function
dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance
trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11
anxiety 焦虑(= anxiousness)
depression 沮丧(de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (
压抑)
insomnia 失眠
phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia
acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL…
enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers
claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place
allergy 过敏(症),反感( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination
paranoid 偏执的paranoia (偏执狂)
workaholic 工作狂( alcoholic)
symptom 症状
diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图)
assertive 武断的( assert)
therapy 治疗法group therapy
hypnotism 催眠术(~ hypnotize)
prescription: ~ drugs
prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà
antidepressant 抗抑郁药
tranquilizer 镇静药( tranquil)
side-effect (+s) 副作用
immune 免疫的,免除的( immunity)
rehabilitation 复原,康复
relapse 旧病复发,故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰:逝者如斯夫,
不舍昼夜!
chronic 慢性的
adulthood <>childhood
puberty 青春发动期
adolescence 青春期(the time of life between puberty and adulthood)
emotional <>rational
affective 情感的( affection)
sane 神智健全的insane
superstition 迷信superstitious
telepathy 传心术,通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology, palmistry
apathy 无感情,无兴趣,冷漠(= indifference) sympathy: sym(same) + pathy
pathology 病理学,病理,病变
delusion 迷惑,欺瞒v.s. illusion
disorientation 迷失(dis + orientation)~ disoriented
pervert 使反常/变态反常/变态者perversion
introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾,反省)
sublimation 纯化,升华 sublime
personality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)
innate 天赋的in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenital
attribute 属性(à attributable)
trait 特征,品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor
===阅读分类词汇===科技
ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)
versatile (人)多才多艺的,(物)通用的à versatility
alchemy 炼金术
transmute 变形,变质transmute silver into gold (!)
arduous 艰巨的(=strenuous)an arduous task
pitfall 陷阱,未预见之困难
metallurgy 冶金
alloy 合金
aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium, uranium, radium ,copper, brass, bronze
electrode 电极
distill 蒸馏distilled water
quartz 石英
phosphorus 磷,磷光物质
inflammable 易燃的( flame)
combustion 燃烧(combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus) ceramic 陶瓷的瓷器(ceramics)
insulate 隔离,绝缘insulator (<>conductor=
fiber 纤维(BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)
optics 光学(à optical)
retina 视网膜
iris 虹膜
opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucent
microprocessor 微处理器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit), chip
binary 二进制的
integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)
buffer 缓冲区buffer storage
browser 浏览器( IE, Netscape)
hypertext 超文本
envisage 想象,看作en + vis(see) + age be envisaged as
momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentary
.
reticular 网状的
Ethernet 以太网
domain 域domain names
cyberlaw 网络法律“cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, …patent 专利( patented)v.s. copyright, ^ pirated software/VCD’schronological 按时间顺序的“chron”: time^ chronic, chronicle, chronograph
robot 机器人(“肉包它”) robotics
artificial 人造的,做作的artificial satellite/smile
cone 圆锥体,锥形物the nose cone of a missile
Jupiter 木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn
exorbitant 过度的,过分的,过高的ex(out) + orbit + ant
centripetal 向心(力)的<>centrifugal
high-rise 高楼(~ skyscraper)
cathedral 大教堂
dome 圆顶(a hemispherical roof)
infrastructure 基础设施<>superstructure
sewage 污水,下水道
hydraulic 水力的,水压的
landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)
ventilation 通风
thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos, thermometer,
thermonuclear
prefabricate 预先制造prefab (预制的)
polytechnic 各种工艺的理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic
geometric 几何(学)的geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)
asymmetry 不对称a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)
<>symmetry
concave 凹的<>convex=
bilateral 双边的,两方面的<>unilateral
paradoxical “似非而是”的paradox (悖论)
empirical 经验的empirical law/formula
clockwise 顺时针的(<>anticlockwise
===阅读分类词汇===教育
.
accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board
lodging 寄宿(处)
lease 出租“for lease”, “to let”v.s. rent
tenant 房客,佃户
landlord 房东àlandlady(f)?Lord, <>tenant ,housemate ~ roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmate
dormitory 寝室(abbrev. dorm)
au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework (另) = reciprocal
reciprocal 相互的,互惠的
hostel youth hostel~ hotel
real estate 房地产
vicinity = neighborhood
flat 平的,瘪的flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo, studio
bond = deposit
linen 亚麻的亚麻织品,床单(= bed linen)
utensil 器皿
stationery 文具(v.s. stationary)
laundry 洗衣,洗衣店
cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen
cater 满足(需要)
aerobics 有氧健身操“aero”: air
badminton 羽毛球(运动)
baseball 棒球baseball bat
squash 壁球(运动)
amateur <>professional
gathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunion
excursion 远足(= outing, expedition)
commonwealth 共和国,联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦
tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life
expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education. primary à secondary à
tertiary
-sale, postwar
post-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post
illiteracy (<>literacy=illiterate 文盲不识字的il(no) + literate(words)à
discipline 学科,纪律v.s. subject
terminology 术语
faculty department and staff of a college/university
dean (大学)教务长
extracurricular 课外的
curriculum 课程(= course)à
syllabus 课程提纲
calendar 日历,日程(~ schedule, agenda, timetable)
compulsory 强制的,必修的<>elective (选修的)
examiner <>examinee^ take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resit
recruit 招生,招募recruitment= enroll
prestige 声望,威信à prestigious
esteem 尊敬(n. & v.)your esteemed school/company
.
aptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Test
matriculation 录取入学
vocational
vocation 职业(= calling, occupation, career) à
vocational education
TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)
abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短,删节)
transferable (学分等)可转换的
scholarship 奖学金= fellowship
tutorial 辅导(课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)
pedagogue 教员,学究~ pedagogy (教育学,教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家) lexicography 词典编撰(à lexicographer)
assignment 任务,(课外)作业
dissertation 论文(= thesis)
credential 证明,文凭“cred”: creditlinguistic credentials
alumni 校友(男)<>alumnae
overestimate 高估(<>underestimate=
decipher 解码,解释(= decode)decipher workplace culture
caliber 才干
===阅读分类词汇===文化homogeneous 同质的homo + gene +ous(<>heterogeneous=^ homosexual, heterosexual
mainstream 主流主流的
dialect 方言(v.s. accent)
discrepancy 差异
misconception 误解(mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding
barrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricade
discrimination 区别,歧视racial/sexual discrimination? discriminate (+against) hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y
insularity 岛国性质(? insular, ^island) .
microcosm 小天地micro + cosm(os)
nostalgia = homesickness
.
patriot 爱国者(<>traitor=à patriotic, patriotism
compatriot 同胞同胞的com + patriot
vernacular 本地的,本国的本地话,本国话the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish
immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides
of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透,弥漫Smoke permeated the house.
entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à
entrepreneurship
practitioner 开业者,从业者praction(practice) + er
celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP
proxy 代理人
anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)
notoriety 恶名(? notorious)
s counterpart in China counterpart 对应人,对等物Who’s George Bush’
counterculture, counterbalance
peer 同等的人凝视,窥视(~ peep)
subordinate 下级下级的<>superior
tactics 战术,技巧v.s. strategy (战略,策略) marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics
nuance a subtle difference in meaning
benchmarking 类比分析
punctual 准时的,守时的(à punctuality)
absenteeism 旷工absent à
absenteeism
absentee à
flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time
harass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her. redundancy 冗余,冗员network redundancy
downsize 裁员(~ lay off)
ballot 投票(= vote)
impartial 不偏不倚的(<>partial=
lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)
shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from
(v.)
which the successful person will be chosen àequilibrium 平衡,均衡
questionnaire 调查表,问卷
quantitative 定量的(<>qualitative=
contingency 偶然性,偶然事件
incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur
ethical 伦理的,符合伦理的~ ethics, <>unethical
dubious 疑惑的,可疑的(~ doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示,证明(? manifest)
subtitle 字幕,副标题(sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts) dubbing 配音录制
vogue 时尚^ chic
bizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)
mediocre 平庸的
dietitian 饮食学家(~ diet)
e, a la carte
connoisseur 行家,鉴赏家^ entré
===雅思阅读分类词汇===-生物/生
理
molecule 分子à molecular
cell cellular
amino à amino acids (氨基酸)
protein 蛋白质
enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in
specific biochemical reactions)
catalyst 催化剂
chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Cl
photosynthetic
photosynthesis 光合作用(photo + synthesis)à
botany 植物学(<>zoology=à botanist, botanical
flora 植物群
fauna 动物群
bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌
fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌
algae alga (pl.) 海藻
herb à herbal: ~ teaà
herbicide (^ insecticide, pesticide)
carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation
fade 凋谢,褪色
organism 机体,组织? organ
arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓)
reptile 爬行动物
amphibian 两栖动物
mammal 哺乳动物(? mamma!)
primate 灵长目动物
evolution 进化(? evolve)
v.s. anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrop”: humankind)~ anthropology, philanthropy
ape, gorilla, chimpanzee
gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)
genetics 遗传学(à genetical)
helix 螺旋,螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanity’s DNA
identical 同一的~ identity (à
ID card)^ clone
mutable, immutable, mutant
mutation 突变gene mutationà
predator 捕食者(<>prey=
embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)
roe 鱼子>>>caviar (鱼子酱)
tadpole 蝌蚪>>>frog, toad (^ told)
caterpillar 毛毛虫(cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT) grasshopper 蚱蜢,蝗虫(= locust)grass + hopper, ^ bellhop
cricket 蟋蟀(另)板球
butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly, firefly
pollen 花粉传粉à pollinate, pollination
hive 蜂房>>>honey, ^ concoction
larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava
pupa 蛹à pupate
penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)
raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)
hibernate 冬眠(=hole up)
torpid 麻木的,蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)
cerebral (大)脑的
hemisphere 半球(hemi + sphere)
cortex 脑皮层
migraine 偏头疼? migrant
somatic 躯体的
limb 四肢upper/lower limb
anatomy 解剖,剖析
paralyze 使瘫痪(=incapacitate, immobilize)
artery 动脉(<>vein=
gland 腺体
pancreas 胰
hormone 荷尔蒙,激素
cholesterol 胆固醇
efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness
===雅思阅读分类词汇===环境问
题
conservation 保护,保存(? conserve)v.s. conversation
environmentalist = conservationist
acid 酸酸的(<>alkali=acid rain
carbon 碳(C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog
unleaded petrol/gas petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à
ozone 臭氧(o + zone)ozone layer
ooze 渗出渗出物
radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive
greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases
solar 太阳的(solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)
phenomenon 现象
catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm
deterioration 恶化(? deteriorate)
extinction 灭绝(? extinct)
species endangered species
>>>famine v.s. flooding
drought 干旱(^ “找它”)
recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent
inundate 淹没^ “淹掉它”
embankment 筑堤(em + bank + ment)
sediment 沉积(物)= deposit
delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta
alluvial 冲积的
desertification (v.s. dessert)
dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm, brainstorm
barren 贫瘠的,不育的,无效的
dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!
attributable 归因于be attributable to…
deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation<>afforestation/reforestation log 原木,日志伐木v.s. logo
vegetation 植物,植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian
habitat 栖息地? habit (Habit is the second nature.)
ecosystem 生态系统(eco + system)~ ecology
养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of viability ? viable “vi”: life
forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis. demographic 人口统计的demo(people) + graph(write) + ic
interdependence inter + dependence
counterbalance 使平衡,弥补(=offset)counter(against) + balance
mechanism 机理,机制
precipitation 陡降,降水(? precipice)<>evaporation
circulation 流通,循环
tidal wave (海啸)<>ebb <<<earthquake
tide à
typhoon ~ tornado, hurricane
meteorology 气象(学)
volcano 火山
eruption 喷发(? erupt)volcanic eruption >>>lava
granite 花岗岩
imminent = impending v.s. eminent
Celsius 摄氏的37OCv.s. centigrade
Fahrenheit 华氏的
latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitude
tropical ? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone glacier 冰川
dump 倾倒,倾销à anti-dumping
contaminate 弄脏(à contaminant)
recycle 回收再利用
irreversible 不可逆的(= irrevocable)
reclaim 开垦,改造à reclamation
contentious 有争议的(? contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.
option
opt 选择(+ for) à
prioritize 优先考虑(? prior, priority)
===雅思分类词汇===医院
mental hospital 精神病医院clinic诊所
physician/internist 内科医生oculist/eye doctor眼科医生
surgon 外科医生dentist牙医vet兽医shrink心理医生symptom 症状
have/catch a cold 感冒
have a sore throat 嗓子痛
have a stomachache 胃痛
have a fever 发烧
pneumonia 肺炎
flu 流感
have a cough 咳嗽
have a headache头痛
have a toothache牙痛
liver trouble 肝炎
allergy 过敏症
twisted/sprained扭伤的
feel dizzy 头晕
feel chilly 觉得发冷
asthma 哮喘
diabetics糖尿病患者
cramps抽筋
vomit/throw up/nauseate呕吐
diarrhea腹泻
vomitive/pukey恶心的
luggies/phlegm痰
have a stuffed nose鼻子不通
cholera霍乱
stiff neck脖子发僵
abscess脓肿
yellow fever黄热病
hay fever枯草热
pills药丸
mixture合剂
eyedrops眼药水
syrup糖浆
pad药棉块
vitamin维他命
tablet药片
penicillin盘尼西林
antibiotic
抗生素
ointment药膏
medication药物
aspirin阿司匹林
bandage绷带
syringe注射器
stethoscope听诊器
injection注射
preventive injection预防针gauze纱布
cold cure感冒药
sweating medicine发汗药febrifuge退烧药
capsule胶囊
case history病历
extract拔牙
take one's temperature量体温see a doctor看病
send for a doctor请医生
feel one's pulse量脉搏
take one's blood pressure量血压give a prescription开药方
have an operation 动手术make an appointment预约
===雅思分类词汇===生活咨询
make a reservation预定confirm a reservation确认预定
cancel one's reservation取消预定frist come,frist serve先到先服务原则
layover/stopover中途停留timetable时刻表
fare票价toll通行费saver ticket优惠票open ticket开放机票
one-way ticket单程票round-trip ticket往返票
airport tax机场税duty-free shop免税店
excess charge超重vacant seat空座
direct/non-stop flight直达航班connecting-flight转机
book预定destination目的地
frist class头等仓business class商务仓
economy class经济仓van中巴
shuttle bus班车airport limousine机场大巴
berth铺位(火车上)pullman卧铺车
scenic spot景点extra charge/surcharge附加费
fulling-booked满了seat arrangement/assignment定座
E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)预计到达时间
E.T.D(estimated time of departure)预计起飞时间
常用句型
I'd like to book______________________?
I'd like to order_____________________?
Waht hour are you open________________?
waht time do you open/close___________?
===雅思分类词汇===银行交易
1)常用词汇
bank book/pass book存折open an account开户
earn interest赚取利息savings account储蓄存款帐户
current account活期存款帐户check/cheque account支票帐户
deposit account定期存款帐户annual interest rate年利率
monthly savings account按月计息帐户daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头service charge服务费/手续费
signature card签名卡draw/withdraw提款
order check/cheque记名支票rubber check/cheque空头支票
blank check/cheque空白支票exchange rate汇率
denomination=face value面额four in hundred四张一百元面额
give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额
bill钞票change零钱
cash现金password/code密码
amount in figures小写金额amount in words大写金额
credit card信用卡the balance of your bank account帐户余额
traveler’s check/chque
旅行支票coin硬币
penny便士nickel(美、加)的五分硬币
dime(美、加)的十分硬币unit 货币单位
value/worth面值ounce盎司1/16磅
commercial/merchant bank商业银行full refund全额偿还
extension延期overdraw/overdraft透支
rebate回扣payday发薪日
pay slip/envelop薪水单 a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款
mortgage抵押by installment分期付款
apply for/grant_______a loan申请/批准贷款
debt债务collateral担保物
fill out/in填写chquebook/checkbook支票簿
loan贷款joint account联名帐户
expense account公款支付帐户cashier收银员
teller银行职员statement对帐单
money order汇票accountant会计
A.T.M自动取款机
常用句型
I’d like to open a_____________account.
I’d like to check the present balance in ___________account.
I’d like to apply for a personal loan.
I’d like to change(兑换)___________for_____________.
What’s the current rate?
How would you like to receive your change(零钱)?
还有时常会考到银行的开放时间,一般是几点到几点?还有周末或许不同(注意)
===雅思分类词汇===教育
这个场景比较复杂,因为考的内容会很广泛,包括:新生入学报到场景、课程设
置及规定介绍场景、家庭作业分析场景、课堂演示场景日常生活咨询场景等。
1)由于中外学校结构差异造成一定程度上的做题困难
国外大学结构及官衔
president(大学校长)University
dean(学校分院长)College/school
head of the faculty Faculty
head of the division Division
chairman Department
principal中学校长
headmaster小学校长
headmistress小学校长(女)
2)新生入学及入学后大致过程
顺序原则
register/enrole(登记、报到) 一般会student union office
opening ceremony(开学典礼)
orientation meeting(介绍会)指学校综合情况
lecture(报告)
tutorial(一个学生发言那种)
关于学科的单词
basic course基础课specialized course专业课
required course必修课optional/selective course选修课literature文学philosophy哲学
history历史art艺术
sociology社会学linguistics语言学
psychology心理学engineering工程学
architecture建筑学business商务
law法学economics经济学
fiancé金融学accounting会计学
banking银行学biochemistry生物化学
相关教育单词
kindergarten幼儿园elementary education初等教育secondary education中等教育higher education高等教育adult education成人教育open admission免试入学制
day-care center幼儿园(美)nursery school托儿所
primary/elementary school小学(英/美)
secondary school中学coeducation男女生同校制度
junior high school初中senior high school高中
attached middle school附中technical school技校polytechnic institute理工学院/科技大学key school重点中学graduate school研究生院open university夜大、函大
private school私立学校public school公立学校
universal education普及教育educationist/educator教育家postgraduate研究生alumnus/alumna校友(男/女)undergraduate本科Alma Mater母校
auditor=guest student旁听生
boarder住宿生open-book exam开卷考
pop test抽考orientation program新生训练
teaching facilities教学设施assistantship助学金
scholarship奖学金room and board食宿
auditorium礼堂vice-monitor副班长
period of schooling学习年限credit system学分制
mark/score/grade分数schedule=school timetable课程表individual study自习individual coaching=tutorial个别指导English evening英语晚会after-school activities课外活动social investigation社会调查voluntary labor义务劳动graduation appraisal毕业评估
graduation ceremony=commencement毕业典礼
diploma=graduation certificate毕业证书
drop out辍学quit school退学
school discipline校纪attendance/participation出勤率
attend a lecture上课miss a class缺课
cut a class旷课expel sb from school开除
tuition学费miscellaneous expenses杂费
a grant-aided student领助学金的学生lecture portfolio讲义夹semester半学期blue-book考卷
report card成绩单final-examination期末考核
quiz小测验oral test口试
diploma毕业证degree学位
associate diploma专科证书Bachelor学士
Master硕士Doctor of Philosophy博士
Expert专家consultant顾问
Coordinator班主任/协调人professor教授
associate professor副教授lecturer讲师
adviser/mentor导师counselor辅导老师
course arrangement课程按排application form申请表
school of Arts and Sciences文理学院
project学生独立钻研的课外课题
presentation针对某一专题发表的演讲
paper/thesis/dissertation论文
letter of recommendation表扬信
journal周记office hour教授与学生面谈时间
===雅思分类词汇===图书馆
catalogue(under titles/authors/subjects)目录
reference stacks 书库
delivery desk/circulation desk借书台
call slip 借书单(索书单)
check out 登记并借出
charge out 把、、、、借出来
library card/admission card 借书卡
date slip/deadline/date of expiry 期限
due 应付费
overdue and pay a fine 过期并交罚款
borrow 向、、、、、、、借
lend 借给、、、、人
renew 续借
available 可获得的
out on loan 借出的
reserve/book 预借
closed reserved 只读不借
in circulation 在书库里
out circulation 借走了
not for circulation不外借
classification 分类
bibliography 书目(籍者检索目录)
on the shelf 在书架上
newspaper 报纸
journal 日报
periodical(magazines and journals)定期刊物current/back issues现今/以后发行category 种类
return in time 及时归还
interlibrary service图书馆际服务
open/closed shelves开架/闭架书库librarian 图书馆长
IELTS阅读分类词汇 ===阅读分类词汇===心理theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory methodology 方法论(method) physiology 生理学(physiological) psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient sensation 感觉,知觉(另)轰动sensational perception 感知,认知 intuition 知觉(intuitive) ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perception) motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …) incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱,失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑(= anxiousness) depression 沮丧(de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL… enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症),反感( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的paranoia (偏执狂)
雅思写作话题分类词汇 教育与学业 考试频率:★★★★★ Education and study 教育与学业 1、Teaching methods 教学方法 7、Generation gap 代沟 2、Educational facilities 教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems 青少年问题 3、Academic subjects 学校科目9、Studying abroad 留学话题 4、Computer and learning(teaching) 电脑与学习(教学)10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作 5、Personal development 个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities 父母/教师责任 6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费 真题重现 In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 分类词汇加油站 1. scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c315958534.html,prehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段 6.teaching\pedagogical methodology 教学方法 7.schooling 学校教育parenting、upbringing 家庭教育8.impart\inculcate knowledge 传授知识 9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学10.vocational education 职业教育11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的12.enlightening 予以人启迪的13.perplexing 令人困惑的 14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任17.exam-oriented education 应试教育 18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值
1100个雅思阅读必备词汇表下载abandon aboriginal absenteeism absorb absorption abuse academic accelerate access accessible accessory accidentally acclaim accommodation accompany accomplish account for
accumulation accurate achieve acquire acumen adapt adaptable adjust administration adolescence adopt advanced adverse advocate affordable agenda aggressive aid
alert alienation allergy alternative amateur amaze ambiguity ambiguous ambitious amorphous amphibian amphibious an array of analogous analogy analysis ancient
anesthetic annual anthropology anticipate apparatus appliance applicant apply appreciable appreciate approach appropriate approximately aptitude archaeological architecture archive
雅思听力section3 常见场景词汇总结场景一:作业 作业(assignment) 是这部分考题中最常见的两种场景之一,出现频率相当高。根据做作业的过程,可分为作业前的准备,作业中的讨论以及作业后的总结三种类型。 分析发现,在考试中出现的作业种类以作调研写论文为主,简单的就写essay,或者是report,复杂一些的会写形式内容要求比较高的学术论文(paper 、dissertation 、thesis) 。有时论文会以小组形式完成,做一个groupwork 或project 。 作业的话题多种多样,考试中比较常见的是和商业相关的内容,通常会提到市场营销(marketing) 和广告(advertisement/commercial) 这种话题和我们生活比较接近,相对好理解。也有其他复杂的话题如环境保护(environmentalprotection) 、动物学(zoology) 、音乐对于消费者进食的影响(music 'seffectoncustomers) 、飞机的发明(theinventionoftheplane) 等。 作业前的准备 根据作业的不同要求,学生需要做一些准备工作(preparationwork) 。学生能够去图书馆借阅资料来寻找灵感,或者根据老师的书单(booklist) 查阅资料,如期刊(journal) 、文学回顾(literaturereview) 、参考书(referencebooks) 等。在这里能够把作业场景和图书馆场景作一个结合。 当然,写论文有一手资料才有说服力,所以学生需要做调查研究(research/survey/study) 来收集资料和数据(data/materialcollection) ,收集数据的方法主要有问卷调查(questionnaire) 、民意调查(poll) 和采访(interview) ,采访又可细分为面对面的采访(face - to - face in terview) 和电话采访 (telephoneinterview) 。收集了信息后需要实行分析(analysis) ,有时分析
阅读核心单词汇总 本部分单词和常规阅读单词手册有很大不同,具体表现在: 1. 收集最核心,最常用的雅思阅读词汇,以动词,形容词和名词为核心。因为一个较长的词往往是由动词加名词后缀变成的,或者形容词变成的副词。根据笔者对考试文章的了解,收集了历届考试中高频出现的基本词汇。本部分不涉及高难词汇。熟练掌握这些词汇是获得6-7分的基石。 2.大多考生在面对单词常常困惑,因为一个单词有诸多解释。我们这里直接采用了文章中所对应的意思,因此为考试省去了很多麻烦,也充分体现了专业性。 3.单词除了核心解释外,紧接着是记忆方法。读者可以通过电影法对单词形成形象理解,也就是单词和意识的直接映射,相当于母语学习。 4.由于是从考试文章中选取的基本词汇,所以越到后面难度越高。笔者在编写时候发现到后面必须掌握的词汇越来越少,因为前面已经提到。这种排序对学习者大有裨益,因为每掌握十页单词,你的词汇就有一个不小的飞跃! 注:N代表名词V代表动词A代表形容Adv代表副词 单词以文章出现顺序排序,这样比字母排序更有利记忆。 Measure v 测量me-meter字根表示测量。Sure确信的‘通过测量才能相信数值’
Conception n 观念,构想cept拿 Depend on 依靠,由…决定 Evidence n 证据e:out vid看ence名词‘证据让人们看出真相’Advent n 到来‘来冒险(adventure) Empire n 帝国皇帝(emperor)的帝国 Introduce v 引入intro内部duc引领 Calendar n 日历cal(culate)+end ‘通过日历计算最后的日子’。Communal a共有的‘大家(community)共有’。 Rotate v 以轴为中心旋转ro(ll)圈,tt想成陀螺。 Regulate v 管理re反复,gu(an)l(i)(管理) Successive a 连续的连续成功(success) Period n 时期 Axis n 轴The Axis二战中的轴心国 Lunar a月亮的读音像‘路呢’,月光暗,看不清路’。 Solar a太阳的读音像‘馊了’,太阳光强,温度高,把食物搞馊了’。Obit v 围绕n 轨道 Define v 下定义de向下,fin边界‘向下划定边界’ Accompany v陪同ac去company 陪伴 Revolution n 旋转re多次volv 缠卷 Artificial a人工的art 手fic制造 Impact n 影响im相当于in pact约定 Equator n 赤道equ 相等or 名词‘日夜相等长的地方’Conspicuous a 明显的spicu 看‘完全能看出来的’
Admin administrative 行政的 Jr junior 初级 ad/adv advertising 广告 K 1000元 agcy agency 经销商 knowl knowledge 知识 appt appointment 约会、预约 loc location 位置、场所 asst assistant 助理 Lv/lvl level 级/层 attn attention 给, 与…联系mach machine 机器 bkgd background 背景 manuf/mf manufacturing 制造bldg building 建筑物、大楼mech mechanic 机械的 bus business 商业、生意 mgr manager 经理 clk clerk (办公室)职员 m-f monday-friday 从周一到周五co company 公司 mo month 月
coll college 大专(学历) nec necessary 必要的 comm commission 佣金 oppty opportunity 机会 corp cororation (有限)公司 ot overtime 超时 data pro data processing 数据处理perm permanent 永久性的 dept department 部 pls please 请 dir director 董事 pos position 职位 div division 分工、部门 pref preference (有经验者)优先eqpt equipment 装备 prev previous 有先前(经验) etc and so on 等等 P/T part time 非全日制 eves evenings 晚上 refs references 推荐信 exc excellent 很好的
filmindustry电影工业 cinematograph电影摄影机,电影放映机 cinema,pictures电影院(美作:movietheater) first-runcinema首轮影院 second-runcinema二轮影院 arttheatre艺术影院continuousperformancecinema循环场电影院filmsociety电影协会,电影俱乐部(美作:filmclub) filmlibrary电影资料馆 premiere首映式 filmfestival电影节 distributor发行人 boardofcensors审查署 shootingschedule摄制计划 censorscertificate审查级别 release准予上映 bannedfilm禁映影片 a-certificatea级(儿童不宜) u-certificateu级 x-certificatex级(成人级) direction导演 production制片 adaptation改编 scenario,screenplay,script编剧 scene场景 电影摄制 camera摄影机 shootingangle拍摄角度 highangleshot俯拍 longshot远景 fullshot全景 close-up,closeshot特写,近景 mediumshot中景 background背景 three-quartershot双人近景 pan摇镜头 frame,picture镜头 still静止 doubleexposure两次曝光 superimposition叠印 exposuremeter曝光表 printing洗印 film,motionpicture影片,电影(美作:movie) newsreel新闻片,纪录片
IELTS Listening Vocabulary
Scene 1: Accommodation 住宿
location 位置 考点 layout 布局 type of house 房屋类型 facilities 房屋设施 信息 Newspaper Advertisement/Ads 广告 House Agency 房屋中介 city centre 市中心 downtown 商业中心区 urban 城市的 位置 street 街道 avenue 大道 road 路 lane 小路小巷 flat (英) 公寓 apartment (美) 公寓 类型 studio flat/apartment 单居室公寓 hall(s) of residence (英) 学校公寓 dormitory/dorm (美) 学生宿舍 youth hostel 青年旅店 house agent 房屋代理人 人 landlord 房东 landlady 女房东 facilities 设施 lobby 大堂大厅 lounge 公共休息室 entrance gate/hall 入口 foyer 休息室、门厅 garden 花园 yard 围绕建筑物的一块场地 attic 阁楼 设施 balcony 阳台 basement 地下室 garage 车库 radio(s) 收音机 stereo 立体声音响 lamp 台灯 digital camera 数码相机 lift(英)elevator(美)电梯 furnished 配备家具的 饮食 vegetarian 素食者 n./a. take-away 外卖 homestay 家庭寄宿 host family 寄宿家庭 friendly faces 住在当地人家里 en suite 带独立卫浴设备的宿舍 standard suite 标准套间 bedsit 小套房(卧室兼起居室) property owner 业主 tenant 房客,租客 flatmate 同公寓房客 refrigerator(fridge) 冰箱 air-conditioner 空调 water heater 热水器 shower 淋浴 radiator 电暖炉 stove 炉灶 microwave oven 微波炉 flashlight 电筒 kitchen curtain 厨房窗帘 cabinet 橱柜 drawer 抽屉 cot 轻便小床 bed sheet 床单 blanket 毛毯 carpet 地毯 cushion 沙发靠垫 towel 浴巾毛巾 meal times 就餐时间 weekdays/workdays 周一至五 environment 环境 contact 联系方式 rental price 房租价格 rules and regulations 规则,规定 Accommodation Office 宿舍管理办公室 social network 社会网络 suburb 郊区 rural 农村的 outskirts 外围地区,郊外 countryside 乡下,农村 village 村庄 cottage 小屋,村舍
Compiled By Chen Qian
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雅思阅读高频词汇 雅思阅读高频词汇表(一)138个 accessible 易于得到的accompany 伴随accurate准确的activate 使活动,刺激adapt 适应adequate充足的affect 影响 alter 改变altitude 高地analyse 分析 anticipate预感,预期apparent明显的approach接近,方法appropriate 恰当的arise 出现,升起 arrange 整理,安排artificial 人造的assess 估计,评定assign指派,指定 attribute 把..归因于,属性authority 权力 available 可用的behave 举止,表现breed 繁殖,引起budget 预算 bully 恐吓burst 爆炸calendar 日历campaign 运动capable 能够的 capacity 容量capture 捕获cargo 货物 chronic 慢性的circumstance 环境,遭遇civil 文明的,民事的,国民的code 代码,法典communal 公用 的community 社会,社区component 元件constant 不断的,永恒的consult 商量,咨询contrast对比core 核心 corporate 全体的,社团的counterpart 与对方地位相当的 人 cure治愈curriculum 课程deduce 演绎,推断depict 描绘derive 得到,起源于 descend 下降,传下来despite 尽管,轻蔑discipline 训练,处罚,纪律distribute 分发dramatic 戏剧的,引人注目的 dynamic 动态的,有生气的ease 安逸,缓和efficient 有能力的element 要素 eliminate 消灭emphasize 强调engage 从事,占用enhance 提高entitle 给予权利,给题名 equivalent 相等的,等价物 evaluate 评价exceed 超过expand 扩张,延伸expose 暴露,揭露external 外面的extract 提 取,摘录 faculty 能力,院系,全体教职员forage 到处搜寻foundation 创办,基础fragile脆弱的fundamental 基本的
雅思阅读词汇汇总 生物类biology biodiversity Mammal Multiply reproduce breeding Plant Animal species Organism Temperate zone(温带地区) Tropic Subtropic Physiological Photoperiod Evolve Offspring(descendant) Survival Nest Fledge(长羽毛) Fertilization Natural selection Extinction 学科类 Psychology Archaeology Anthropology Humanity Biology Science Linguistics Chemistry 管理类(剑桥12test8passage3) Board of directors A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often simply referred to as "the board".Governance 2008 financial meltdown/crisis Economic downturn Regulator auditor(审计员) Scrutiny (审查) Public debate (公开辩论) Knock-on effect of the scrutiny (审查的)Surveillance (监控) Call into question...(质疑,对...产生怀疑)At the simplest and most practical level Non-executive directors(非执行董事) In favour of (支持,为了) Agenda(日程表) Devolve (移交) Committee (委员会) At the expense of(以...为代价) Process may take the place of discussion and be at the expense of real collaboration, so that boxes are ticked rather than issues tackled. Rather than v.s. other than A radical solution (根本的解决方法) Step on the toes of... Recruitment (招聘,招募) Remuneration (薪酬) Metric Regulatory Methodology (方法论) Profile Quarterly report (季度报告)Globalization of capital (资本全球化)
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总 1.advanced science 尖端科学 2.scientific invention 科学发明 3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4.double-edged sword 双刃剑 5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c315958534.html,y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8.energy crisis 能源危机 9.depletion of resources 能源消耗 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c315958534.html,estone 里程碑 11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12.technical innovation 科技创新 13.expediency 权宜之计 14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的 15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17.exhaust gas 废气 18.disastrous 灾难性的 19.overshadow 使…相形见绌 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c315958534.html,pared to/with…与…相比 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c315958534.html,her in 引领 22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23.opposite forces 负面影响 24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25.potential hazards 潜在危险 26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28.accelerate 加速… 29.means of transportation 交通方式 30.transportation tools 交通工具 31.social status 社会地位 32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便 34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35.sustainable development 可持续性发展 36.scientific exploration 科学探索 37.air travel 航空旅行 38.ridiculous 可笑的 39.absurd 荒唐的 40.substitute 取代
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总:媒体类 媒体类一: 1. paparazzi 狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism 新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusive news 独家新闻 8. news agency 新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship 新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道 13. do reportage on …报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy 值得报道的 21. barometer 晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀 28. sitcom 情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair 绯闻 34. celebrity 名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading 误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻 43. sensational 轰动的 44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45. imperative 重要的、必要的 46. audience ratings 收视率 47. propaganda 宣传 48. be abducted by 受…诱导 49. purify one's soul 净化心灵 50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨 大安慰 52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 53. provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 55. commit crimes 犯罪 56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想 象的 57. impressive 给人印象深刻的 58. right to know 知情权 59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子 60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定 和安全 媒体类二(影视类) 1. information era 信息时代 2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解… 3. audience/viewers 观众 4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良 影响 5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 6. influential 有影响的 7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底 改变了我们获取信息的方式 8. blessing 福 9. curse 祸 10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节 目 11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目 12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的 13. exaggerate 夸张 14. enjoyable 令人享受的 15. fashionable 时尚的 - 1 -
听力高频词汇作业讨论场景 单词course subject education department computing anthropology Communication in Business specialist knowledge seminar handout criteria bibliography references graph essay interview vocabulary findings figures experiment assessment checklist deadline investigation insert paragraphs, due 课程专业 释意单词释意课程degree学位 科目lecture演讲 教育research研究项目 院系management管理 计算处理sociology社会学 人类学engineering工程 商务交际Population studies人口学 专业知识 课程内容 研讨班booklet小册子 讲义copies复印件 标准feedback反馈 参考书目extension延期 参考书目articles文章 图表task任务 文章questionnaire问卷 采访survey调查 词汇responses回复 发现mistakes错误 数据sample样本 实验measurement测量 评估dissertation论文 清单statistics统计学 截止日期observation观察 调查proposal提议 插入subheadings副标题 段落formatting格式化 到期的submit提交
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. I E L T S H A N D B O O K VERSION (2014) 1.0 Editor: Emerson Wong 2014-1-14 I.VOCABULARY How to Enlarge your Vocabulary? A Word-Synonym-Antonym-Adjective-Adverb-Noun-Verb A root-Prefix-suffix II. Listening: Classified Wordlists Renting 租房 landlord 房东 landlady女房东 lease n.租借,租约 Real estate agency 房产中介Home-stay寄宿家庭 Hall of residence 宿舍 student hostel学生旅店dormmate / roommate 同屋者室友flatmate/housemate室友residential住宅的 Apartment 公寓 studio apartment 小型公寓 house 另幢 bedsit卧室兼起居室 single room 单人房 twin room '双人房(有两张单人床)double room双人房(有一张双人床)
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. triple room 三人房 basement n地下室 semi-basement 半地下室 Rules (no smoking, no noise, open/close time) Layout 布局 Format 版式(布局) Structure结构: bathroom(toilet) 浴室,盟洗室 living room(sitting room)客庁,起居室kitchen 厨房 dining room餐厅 balcony阳台 bedroom 卧室 storeroom储藏室 lobby(公共场所)大厅 porch n.门廊、走廊 entrance hall大厅”门廊 Type of accommodation 住宿类型outskirts郊区 Countryside乡下地方 urban adj.市区的 downtown 在市区,市中心 near the center靠近中心 Near the railway station/bus stop/airport ground floor/first floor/second floor一层/—层/二层 fridge(refrigerator)冰箱 Washing machine 洗衣机 dishwasher 洗碗机 air conditioner空调 electric fan 电扇 radiator 暖炉 freezer 冰柜 camera .照相机 video camera摄像机 Iron 电熨斗 dryer干衣机 hair dryer吹风机 microwave oven微波炉 Television, cable TV CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) 闭路电视 carpet地毯, curtain n.窗帘 vacuum cleaner.空吸尘器 stereo .立体声裔响 HI-FI(high-fidelity)高保真音像 kettle壶子 pot罐子 bookshelf 书架
雅思阅读分类词汇(场 景)
IELTS阅读分类词汇 ===阅读分类词汇===心理theorem 原理,定理v.s. theory methodology 方法论 (method) physiology 生理学 (physiological) psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient sensation 感觉,知觉 (另)轰动 sensational perception 感知,认知 intuition 知觉 (intuitive) ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception) motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …) incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱,失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function
dissonance 不和谐,不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness) depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL… enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症),反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的 paranoia (偏执狂) workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic) symptom 症状 diagnosis 诊断(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Dia gnosis” electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图) assertive 武断的 ( assert) therapy 治疗法group therapy hypnotism 催眠术 (~ hypnotize) prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà prescription: ~ drugs antidepressant 抗抑郁药 tranquilizer 镇静药 ( tranquil) side-effect (+s) 副作用 immune 免疫的,免除的 ( immunity)
Part A TEXT 1 have to confront[k?n'fr?nt] this confusion. 面对 two forces are exerted[?g'z?t] on professors. 对。。。施加 TEXT 2 Worker morale[m?'r?l]士气is top priority at American Airlines Inc. these days. ……Carty’s fiasco[f?'?sko]惨败over hiding fat executive bonus…… ……who feel that management duped [djup] them into欺骗swallowing ['swɑlo] 忍受huge cutbacks['k?t b?k]削减. ……conceded[k?n'sid]承认Arpey in an early May session with reporters. He reiterated[ri'?t?,ret]重述,restated[ri'stet]the point at…… This could take a Herculean英音:[,h?:kju'li:?n]美音:[h?'kjuli?n] (great)写作可借鉴effort with pilots…… he had been badly battered英音:['b?t?d]美音:['b?t?d]捣毁by the new realities…… The new austerity英音:[?:s'teriti]美音:[?'st?r?t?] (严峻) will knock…… 补充下。。。 TEXT3 the achievers, the excellers出类拔萃. of commonness and mediocrity[,mid?'ɑkr?t?] 平庸. They are going to settle for满足less than what they could have become. TEXT4 ……has played an important role in convincing [k?n'v?ns??] (令人信服的)many national governments that…… and deploy disaster relief [r?'lif](救助)when needed. Developing countries have argued that they be exempt[?g'z?mpt] from 免除emission reduction until their economics approached(靠近)the strength of those in developed nation. Conservation strategies环保战略have to become more widely accepted. the years of global environmental mistreatment (滥用) can begin to be reserved. TEXT5 The specific use of literature varies from individual to individual因人而异,写作可借鉴. …and stressful work looms (笼罩) large in life…… camping, or certain cultural pursuits(文娱活动), are all related…… such attitudes amount to(等于) a recognition that…… TEXT6 At a former mattress ['m?tr?s]褥子factory on…… ……the tribe群is testing the murky['m?k?] 黑暗的legal waters on the continents’……. ……the Mohawks are gambling that their sovereign['sɑvr?n]主权,最高的status can give……we don’t want to rub摩擦anybody’s nose in it……