对于今年经济社会发展的主要目标,我着重对两个目标加以说明。
关于经济增长。我国仍是一个发展中国家,还处于社会主义初级阶段,发展是解决我国所有问题的关键,必须牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心,保持合理的经济增长速度。经过认真比较、反复权衡,把增长预期目标定在%左右,兼顾了需要和可能。这与全面建成小康社会的目标相衔接,有利于增强市场信心,有利于调整优化经济结构。稳增长更是为了保就业,既要满足城镇新增就业的需要,又要为农村转移劳动力进城务工留出空间,根本上是为了增加城乡居民收入、改善人民生活。实现今年经济增长目标有不少积极因素,但必须付出艰辛努力。
关于价格水平。把居民消费价格涨幅控制在%左右,考虑了去年涨价翘尾影响和今年新涨价因素,也表明我们抑制通胀、保障民生的决心和信心。我国农业连年增产,工业品总体上供大于求,粮食等物资储备充裕,进出口调节能力较强,保持物价总水平基本稳定具备许多有利条件。但今年推动价格上涨的因素不少,不能掉以轻心,必须做好物价调控,切实防止对群众生活造成大的影响。
词汇
权衡 weighing
通胀 inflation
去年涨价翘尾 the carry- over effect of last year's
小康社会 a moderately prosperous society
社会主义初级阶段 the primary stage of socialism+ price nses
经济政策
Economic Policies
对于今年经济社会发展的主要目标,我着重对两个目标加以说明。
V1: I will talk more about two of the objectives with regard to the main targets for china's economic and social development this year:
V2: With regard to the main objectives we have set for China's economic and social development this year, I will now focus on two of these targets:
关于经济增长。我国仍是一个发展中国家,还处于社会主义初级阶段,发展是解决
我国所有问题的关键,必须牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心,保持合理的经济增长速度。
V1: Regarding the target for economic growth, China is still a developing country i n t h e primary/early stages of socialism, and development is still the key to solving all our difficulties China must firmly grasp the central task of economic development and maintain a sensible rate of economic development.
V2: On the target for economic growth: China is still a developing country in the primary stages of socialism, and development remains the key to solving all our c o u n t r y's p r o b l e m s. Therefore, we must keep economic development as the central task and maintain a p r o p e r economic growth rate
经过认真比较、反复权衡,把增长预期目标定在%左右,兼顾了需要和可能
V1: After careful comparison and( after) repeatedly weighing various factors as well as
considering both our needs and what is possible, we have set about/ around 1. 5%o as our target
growth rate.
V2: On the basis of carefully comparing and repeatedly weighing various factors, we have set a growth rate target of approximately 7. 5% to take into consideration what is needed and what is possible.
这与全面建成小康社会的目标相衔接,有利于增强市场信心,有利于调整优化经济
结构°
V1: This target conforms to the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, which can enhance market confidence and promote the adjustment and optimization of the economic structure
V2: This target is in keeping with our goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and it will boost market confidence and facilitate economic restructuring
稳增长更是为了保就业,既要满足城镇新增就业的需要,又要为农村转移劳动力进城务工留出空间,根本上是为了增加城乡居民收入、改善人民生活。
V1: Moreover, stable growth promotes employment,We need to both meet the need to create new urban jobs and provide opportunities for rural migrant workers who come to cities for
work. Ultimately, stable growth will ensure that urban and rural incomes increase and people's
lives Improve
V2: To stabilize growth means to guarantee/ensure employment, which can not only satisfy the demand for more job opportunities in cities and town, but also create jobs for rural migrant workers who come to cities for work. This will achieve more income for urban and rural residents and better lives for the people
实现今年经济增长目标有不少积极因素,但必须付出艰辛努力。
V1: There are many favorable factors for fulfilling this year's target for economic growth
but to reach it', we must make arduous efforts
2: Though there are many positive factors already in place for fulfilling this year's economic
growth target, we still have to make serious efforts.
关于价格水平。把居民消费价格涨幅控制在%左右,考虑了去年涨价翘尾影响和今年新涨价因素,也表明我们抑制通胀、保障民生"的决心和信心。
V1. As far as the target for controlling price increases is concerned
we hope to keep the rise in the CPI to about 3. 5%, after considering the carry-over effect of last year's price rises and inflationary factors this year-a target that shows our determination and confidence to control inflation and protect people's well-being
V2. On the target for price control: We hope to keep the CPI increase to around %.This is based on consideration of both the carry-over effect of last year's price increases and inflationary factors this year. It also demonstrates our resolve and confidence to keep inflation under control in order to ensure( the) people's wellbeing
我国农业连年增产,工业品总体上供大于求,粮食等物资储备充裕,进出口调节能力较
强,保持物价总水平基本稳定具备许多有利条件。
V1: Our country's agricultural output has grown for several years on end;( the supply of industrial products was generally greater than demand, so that we have plentiful reserves of grain and other materials. We are fully capable of adjusting the volumes of imports and exports, so there are many factors that will contribute to keeping general prices basically stable
V2: China's agricultural output has gone up for several years in a row; supply of manufactured goods on the whole exceeds demand; we have substantial reserves of grain and other goods and materials; thus we are fully capable of adjusting supply and demand through import and export. All these favorable factors can help to maintain basic stability in general prices.
但今年推动价格上涨的因素不少,不能掉以轻心,必须做好物价调控,切实防止对群众
生活造成大的影响。
V1: However, since there are many factors pushing up prices this year, we must not take them lightly. We must control prices to prevent inflation from significantly affecting peoples lives
V2: However, there are also many factors driving up prices this year, so we must not lower
our guard. Instead, we must keep prices under control to ensure that price increases do not exert a major negative impact on people's lives
评析
1.在汉语中,“对于”是置于句首的。在英语中,状语 with regard to.放在句首或句末都符合语法的。但在以上句子中,放在句首有两个好处:一、与原汉语语序相同,便重
者、阅卷人看清楚
、将 two of these targets挤到句末伸与下立
汉英翻译技巧:动词时态、语态中的译者主体性
二”+
1.时态
为了表达时态,如“现在、过去、将来、进行、完成”等概念,英语倾向于使用动词
的词尾变化来予以严谨地描述。汉语无曲折变化,有时使用词汇来予以表达,如“着”了”、“过”, “已”等。但在很多情况下,需读者依仗上下文自行判断究竟是何种时与体。由于不同读者思路不一,判断结果未必相同,因此会出现一定的模糊性。
这时译者可发挥其主观能动性,对原文进行主观的解读。
这里主要讨论一些模糊不定的现象以及中国英语学习者容易犯错误的地方。由于汉英两
种语法体系迥然不同,有些英语语法问题看似简单,但要完全掌握却不容易。中国英语学生在做英语语法练习题时往往只有一个正确答案,但在汉译英实践中可能会出现不止一种可
能
性。此处的翻译实例往往附有不同译文,通过对比分析,翻译学习者可体会到译者如何发挥自己的主观能动性。
至于国际政治新秩序,我认为,中印两国共同倡导的和平共处五项原则是最经得住考
验的。
x 1: As for the new international political order, I think that the Five Principles of
Peaceful Coexistence initiated jointly by China and India have stood the test of time
1x 2: As for a new international political order, I think the Five Principles of Peaceful
Coexistence initiated by China and India can withstand the test of time
“最经得住考验”是指“从过去到现在”,还是指“将来”?这是一个模糊概念,两者
都有可能,所以译文1、译文2都可能是正确的译文。
如果我们采用第三种译文have withstood and will continue to withstand the test of time也未尝不可。
此例显示:由于汉语动词
时态具有一定的模糊性,不同译者的理解可能是不同的,译者可以发挥自己的主体性。
Q美国医疗协会1999年3月公布的调查报告表明,只有%的白人处于贫困线下,
而拉裔美国人和黑人的贫困率则高达%和%。
A report by the American Medical Association showed( shows )in March, 1999, that only
percent of the white people were( are) below the poverty line, while 45. 7 percent of
the Hispanics and 42. 5 percent of the blacks were( are) poor
汉语的动词没有时态,该动作究竟发生在什么时候,译者可根据上下文的意思来确定。
有时不同的人可能有不同的理解,不同的英语时态都可能是正确的
在
调查报告表明,只有%的白人处于贫困线下”中,“表明”可以译成
shows或 showed,强调当时的报告,在当时表明……(当然并不是说现在一定无效);也可
译成现在时 shows,意思是此调查报告现在依然有效。
英语翻译实践报告 《翻译1》课程实践报告 翻译课程介绍 翻译是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。 通过学习本课程，学生应该熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点;能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容准确，文字流畅;能将比较简易的汉语文章译成英语，用词得当，语法平稳。本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程为应考者打下良好的基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读英文原著的水平，并有一定的写作能力，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。另一方面，通过大量翻译实践和语言对比研究，学生可以进一步认识英汉两种语言各自的特点。但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，而容易忽略在译文中体现原有的特点。这也就是本课程的难学之处。但通过学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言的各自特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。 课程实践目的及过程 为了将课堂上所学知识更好地运用于实践，10级翻译3班在王静老师的带领下，来到了位于德胜工业园区的百瑞源枸杞养生馆和厚生记食品有限公司进行参观学习。 在参观之前，王老师要求同学们查找关于枸杞的相关资料，基本上了解了枸杞的种植技术、生产流程、营养价值等知识。 宁夏枸杞产业在宁夏省外也有不少公司，而且，百瑞源是宁夏唯一一个进驻2010年上海世博会的企业，这不仅提升了宁夏在国内外的知名度，也让更多国内
外朋友了解了宁夏枸杞的与众不同，同时也为百瑞源走出中国，迈向国际舞台提供了良机。 在参观过程中，同学们品尝了味美色鲜的枸杞、其他枸杞制品和，可谓是大饱了口福。但同学们并未忘记此行的目的，大家一边参观，一边了解相关的知识，对于枸杞的营养价值和种类有了进一步了解;同时，在参观过程中，同学们发现了不少汉英翻译的错误，对于一个企业来说，要想进入全球市场，对外宣传和对外交流是至关重要的，所以企业品牌的跨文化交流成为了一种必然趋势。这让同学们不禁为企业的进一步发展担忧。作为翻译专业的学生，对此比较敏感，于是，大家纷纷把有错误的地方拍下来，准备参观结束后再进行更正。 回校后，王老师把全班分成若干组，每组负责一部分企业的宣传资料，然后让同学们查找翻译的错误并改正。我们组分到的任务比较少，但是，在我们仔细读过之后发现了不少错误，而且有些还是由于英汉表达习惯的不同导致的比较明显的错误。虽然字数不多，却涉及不少商贸以及新闻语体。我们小组成员认真思考，经过讨论后把我们最后的翻译结果交给了王老师。 课程实践的收获 通过这次的翻译实践，我更加清楚的认识到自己英语相关方面的知识还远远不足，也让我更加清醒的认识到，丰富自己的词汇量及语境英语句型的重要性。我对翻译充满了热爱，怀着这份热爱，我要跟加严格的要求自己。今后，把更多的时间和精力投身到翻译知识中去，争取在翻译方面有所突破和发展。 翻译是一项很困难的工作，要做到精益求精，专业性非常强，而且要与时俱进，这让我知道了仅有翻译技巧是远远不够的，需要平时大量的艰苦练习，不断积累，才能在翻译中获得巨大收获。而且，作为翻译专业的学生，只凭课堂上学到的理论知识，是远远不够的。要想成为一名优秀的翻译人员，就要抓好每一个机会，在实践中不断磨练自己，不断强化自己的翻译技能，同时提升自身的综合能力，，
实习报告 通过本次实习，运用学过的英语及翻译专业知识，使我能够从理论回到实践，同时检验所学的知识和技能，更好的实现理论和实践的结合，为以后的工作和学习奠定初步的知识，使我能够亲身感受到由一个学生转变到一个职业英语笔译工作者的过程。 进行本专业为期一个月左右的英语笔译的实习，我选择的是与商务英语有关的商务英语笔译的实习工作。为期一个月的社会实践揭开了困惑已久的一个谜团——上学真的比上班好。以前在学校里，总觉得每天上课，枯燥无聊，有时候竟然想早点走出校园，去社会上闯荡一番。经历了这次实习，我深深感到了上班不是一个容易的差事。从早上八点半开始上班，下午六点半下班，也并不是一直在工作，中间有休息时间，因为产时间坐着不动，会产生强烈的疲劳感。和我一起工作的同事大部分都是工作了若干年的长者，对于我一个新手，需要学习的东西真是数不胜数。起初我对商务英语笔译还不是太了解，选择商务英语笔译是基于我对商务笔译工作的特别爱好。商务英语笔译是一项需要耐心和精力的工作，它是以商务方面的资料为依据，要求翻译者对其进行全面，准确，快速的翻译，语言要表达准确，意思清晰。由于商务英语笔译的翻译材料大部分都是非文学的，例如合同，客户资料，商业等专业性文件，所以它的要求就更为严格，苛刻，同时又必须符合“信，达，雅”的原则，难度相当的大，其中要用到大量的专业术语，范围不仅仅包括我们平时上课时所认识的，更多的需要我们通过各种可行的渠道去查阅，为此我找了一些这方面的资料，具有很强的专业性。这就要求我们在翻译时要严谨，不能给读者以错觉。 这次实习主要针对商务合同的翻译进行重点突破，花了整整几天的时间才磕磕绊绊的翻译一个合同，感觉到了前所未有的压力，也突出了自己眼高手低的缺点，平时课堂上老师讲的用的寥寥无几，更多的是靠自己查资料来获取准确的信息。其中有些既晦涩又在网上很难查的一般都给不了，这些都给刚开始翻译的我造成了各种各样的阻碍，往往会遇到原文看不懂或者觉得语法别扭不对的情况，这时候需要更大的耐心和毅力，需要坚持，对商务合同中的一些专业术语进行重点突破，查阅各种资料，在网上搜索各种专业术语，一点一滴的翻译，练得多了，慢慢就变的更加熟悉了，速度和质量慢慢的有所改善，当然和真正意义的笔译质量还是有相当的差距的。 工欲善其事，必先利其器。商务英语笔译也同样如此，它需要通过大量的网上资料和翻译软件来进行协助翻译，因此在掌握商务英语基础的同时，电脑成为了我们读取翻译资料的利器。在实习的过程中我们不难发现，其实很多相当一部分的专业术语需要我们通过电脑来进行翻译来完成，基于此我们也有必要掌握一些简单的电脑知识和电脑软件，例如Word文档等等。看来要作为一名合格的笔译工作者，电脑知识也是其必要的一个方面。 在实习的过程中常常出现翻译质量不合格的问题，在自己翻译后，指导老师进行点评，这对我来说帮助很大。每次听过点评，都有一种柳暗花明的感觉，总是感叹，那些我不知怎么译的句子，竟然可以译得那么准确。这些对我们初步介入笔译领域的初学者是司空见惯的，没必要害怕，但同时是必须要引起我们的重
第八章 旅游文本中典故、诗词、俗语、楹联等的翻译 第一模块：热身练习 翻译下列文本，看旅游文本中一些文化现象在翻译中该如何处理： 1.whicheven part of Scotland takes you fancy,history is never far away.You feel it in the brooding presence of Glencoe,evocative of that treacherous night in 1692 when Campbell soldiers slaughtered MacDonads as they slept. You touch it when you hike tyrough the hills and stumble across the ruins of a deserted shieling. You see it in the weatherworm stones of turreted castales. You hear in in rousing Border ballads and haunting Hebridean melodies. 1.苏格兰令人心仪的地方都连着一段历史。置身格伦科山谷，会感到历史之森然。1692年那个背信弃义的冬夜，坎贝尔上尉率兵趁麦克唐纳族人熟睡时将他们杀害。穿越绵绵山丘，偶见荒屋废墟时，能触摸到历史的脉搏。在古堡塔楼那些风雨侵蚀的石块上，会看见历史的印记。在动人的边区歌谣和难忘的赫布里底音乐中，会听见历史的回音。 2.Englishman Lesline Stephen wass one of the true pioneers of mountaineering. In 1871, when tourism in Switzerland was still in its infancy,he publishesd a book on climbing in the Swiss Alps, aptly titled The Playground of
全国翻译资格考试笔译模拟练习及答案 各成员领导人指示部长们于2002年部长级会议前确定具体的行动和措施，与私营部门密切合作，在2006年前将APEC贸易便利化原则付诸实施。目标是力争在未来5年内将APEC地区的贸易交易费用降低5％。 领导人还指示部长们探讨为贸易便利化确定客观标准的可能性，在这一过程中要充分考虑APEC成员的多样性，以及各成员已经取得的进展。同时，领导人一致认为，开展援助项目来提高发展中成员实施贸易便利化的能力非常重要。 ［参考译文］ Leaders instruct Ministers to identify，by Ministerial Meeting in 2002，concrete actions and measures to implement the APEC Trade Facilitation Principles by 2006 in close partnership with the private sector. The objective is to realize a significant reduction in the transaction costs by endeavoring to reduce them by 5% across the APEC region over the next 5 years. Leaders also instruct Ministers to explore the possibility of setting objective criteria on trade facilitation， taking fully into account the diversity among the members as well as progress achieved in respective economies so far. Leaders also agree that assistance programmes to help build the capacity of developing economies in trade facilitation is particularly important. Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) This section consists of two parts, Part A - "Compulsory Translation"
实习报告英文翻译 第一篇：实习总结英文翻译 实习，是大学生走向社会的一座桥梁，它让大学生更早的接触社会，更早的了解社会，更早的亲近社会。实习，顾名思义是在实践中学习。知识源于实践，归于实践。我通过三个月的时间付诸实践来检验所学，充分了解了文员的主要职责以及所需掌握的一些专业技能，更深的认识到将所学的知识具体应用到工作中区的重要性。此次的实习，使我加强了各方面的能力，明白了先做人后做事的道理，也感悟了社会的现实。这些将会是我在今后社会工作中的一笔宝贵的财富。 for college students, internship is a bridge to step into the society. it helps the students contact munity, understand it and be close to the society earlier. practice, in other es from practice, and e, onths’ ain duties of a clerk and some other professional skills requires. above all, this internship experience has strengthened my ability in all aspects. in addition, it helps me understand the truth of “be a good man before you do something”. besides, i got a good perception of social reality. i’m sure these y future 调制技术的出现为实现高效的抗干扰调制技术和提高频带利用率开辟了一条的新路径。正交频分复用（ofdm，orthogonal frequency division multiplexing）是当
2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语二级《口译实务》试题 Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points) Passage 1 When I came here last year, it was 9 months after the agreement was signed by OPEC members and non-OPEC countries. Now we have been out of 3 years of recession. cooperation between 25 countries has helped bring back stability, having a positive impact on world economy and trade. In the past 20 months, the change in the situations is like day and night. However, it’s not the time for us to rest on the su ccess. We should continue to build a healthy and stable market. Despite the recovery, there are still factors that are out of our control: geopolitical crises, disputes between countries and natural disasters. It is important for us to handle these risks and it is crucial to the market in the short term and in the long term. We are in support of the Paris Agreement, which is the most important document about climate change and sustainable energy. Historically, people think renewable energy is the only choice for the future, but I think this idea is misleading. Actually, we need a diversity of energy sources, rather than just one source. New renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are developing rapidly and the share of hydroelectric power remains stable.
翻译实习报告 为了把我们近一年所学的基本的英汉互译知识和方法全面地结合起来，院里给我们安排 了翻译实习，使我们能相对忠实、准确、流畅地将各种文体进行英汉互译，以此提高自身翻 译各种文本的实际能力。同时，通过翻译实习,养我们成为一名翻译工作者所应具备的优秀品 质:诚实笃信, 认真负责,严格遵守翻译从业人员必备的各种职业规则以及严谨细致的作风, 吃苦耐劳的精神,团结合作的风尚等。 我们的指导老师给了我们12份英文材料，每份约2000字。我们实习的任务是完成所有 材料的翻译。根据学院及指导老师的要求，我计划将所有材料在三周内翻译完成，每周平均 翻译四分材料。 为了配合院里的工作，更为了通过实践，总结自己的不足，以便在今后的语言实践中自 己翻译水平和能力能够得到相应的提高和发展，我在完成计划工作后，我开始了我的翻译实 习工作。 在进行翻译实习的过程中，我充分调动了我大脑中的知识及老师教给我们的基本翻译技 巧，例如：“英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词 死译，会使译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从 该词的基本含义出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的汉语词语来表达”以及增词 法、省略法(减词法)、重复法、正反, 反正表达法、分句法, 合句法、词义的引伸、词类的 转译等英译汉常用的方法和技巧。尽管如此，我在实际翻译时候还是碰到了很多问题。 首先，词汇量的不充足使我在翻译的过程中经常遇到阻碍，我不得不借助电脑，词典等 工具查找出我所不能准确描述的关键词句。其次，是常用句型的缺乏也使得我在翻译过程中 举步维艰。再次，就是对一些专有词汇的不熟悉还有一些国外历史文化背景等方面知识的匮 乏也使得我的翻译工作进展的不太顺利。这时，我会借助网络的帮助，在网上查询在词典中 查不到的专有名词、新词，以及相关背景知。最后，语文功底的薄弱和常识性知识的缺乏也 是阻碍我翻译工作的一大难题。例如，在第一份翻译材料中有个句子是“the united states economy ”，在这个句子中，我不知道是 把“the united states economy”翻译为“美国经济”还是“美国经济体”好，并且我 总觉得两种翻译都很怪。如果把“the united states economy”翻译为“美国经济”，那么 “美国经济拥有世界上最大的国内生产总值(gdp)”。但是“国内生产总值”整句话的翻译就是： 只能是一个国家的啊，不能说经济拥有多少国内生产总值吧。但是，如果把“the united states economy”翻译为“美国经济”体，那么整句话的翻译就是：“美国经济体拥有世界上最大的 国内生产总值(gdp)”。这样又成为经济体有多少国内上产总值的。于是，我又想：可不可以 把“economy”直接省略不翻呢？就翻译为“美国拥有世界上最大的国内生产总值(gdp)”，但 是我又不敢妄下结论。总之，我真的是在经过艰苦的“奋战”后才最终完成了本次的翻译实 习任务。 通过这次的翻译实习，我更加清楚的认识到自己英语相关方面的知识还远远不足，也让 我更加清醒的认识到，丰富自己的词汇量及语境英语句型的重要性，更让我懂得“理论联系 实际”的真理——没有理论知识肯定不行，但是光有理论知识而不通过实践来巩固旧知识和 获得新知识更不行。任何事情和工作都不是夸夸其谈就能完成的和做好的。此外，我也变得 更能忍耐和坚持。在实习的过程中，由于翻译工作过于枯燥以及在翻译中遇到各种困难而使 翻译过程的缓慢，我曾多次想放弃，想随便敷衍了事。但是我从小养成的强烈责任感和拥有 的良好道德观敦促我忍受枯燥乏味和冲破各种阻碍把我的任务完成。最后，我也深刻的体会 到时间的紧迫性。我的大学生活即将结束，这意味着我已经没有多少在学校学习的时间了（因 为我不考研将）。我真的意识到我在过去的三年中浪费了多少本可以用来学习充电的大好时光。 我知道不管是否来得及，我都要充分这最后的半年（我觉得最多只有半年学习时间了）好好
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题 Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes). I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet." I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies. I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine. On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes
商务英语翻译的实训报告的心得体 会总结 商务英语翻译的实训报告的心得体会总结高职高专教育培养的是技术应用型人才,学校为了培养我们学生的创新精神和实践能力，提高我们的综合素质。故进行为期一周的实训，在实训中互相学习和进步。在校期间，一直忙于理论知识的学习，没能有机会走出校园，真正切身感受本专业的实际应用。- 模拟招聘会- 1、在看完有关招聘视频后，进行招聘模拟。在面试过程中，面对考官的各种提问，一些关于专业的知识时，觉得自己的硬件掌握不到位。有时会有一些考验自己反应程度、灵敏度的问题，这时要靠自己平时积累的素养。自己的简历及面试表现给自己提出了很多可实施性建议，如，简历的排版、内容，自己的性格缺点、较好的职业倾向等等。- 2.
熊老师给我们讲解了有关招聘方面的知识。步入社会时才能从容不迫，在求职者中脱颖而出！面对竞聘的滚滚硝烟和层出不穷的招聘方式，要想笑傲职场，就要未雨绸缪、赢在起点。- 商务礼仪- 1、在听完Erick的讲述，我们了解了商务活动礼仪，规范树立企业良好形象塑造员工职业素质运用有效的沟通技巧处理商务活动中的人际关系改善服务形象提高服务能力，掌握基本的商务礼仪及正确的商务礼仪技职业形象决定职业生涯，职业形象决定人生命运。随着人们日常交际的频繁，在商务活动、公务活动、社交活动中越来越重视交往的细节，也许一个微小的细节决定了一个人的第一印象。如何提高自己在别人心目中的地位，如何通过你完美的职业形象使你拥有成功的事业和幸福的人生。了解掌握商务礼仪是非常重要的。- 与我们进行互动游戏，角色扮演，在生活中不同的位置，树立正确的职业意识，塑造完美的职业形象，
姓名：准考证号： 2012年度上半年全国翻译资格（水平）考试试卷 笔译实务 （英语·三级） 国家人事部中国外文局 二○一二年五月
Section1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（50 points）Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 100 minutes. PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned. In his West African homeland, Mr. Jall ow?s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia?s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe. Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.” The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta. The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans. Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jal low?s. From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers? union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.” The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”
外语翻译证书与翻译专业资格证书的区别 由国家人事部统一规划，中国外文局组织实施的全国翻译专业资格考试，将于12月6日至7日在北京、上海、广州三地同时进行首次试点考试。而教育部考试中心与北京外国语大学也相应推出了外语翻译资格证书。于是，全国翻译专业资格证书与全国外语翻译证书就构成了我国翻译行业的两个认证体系。这两大权威翻译证书都是翻译人员水平标准的等级证书，都包括笔译、口译两大方面，但这两大翻译证书还是有区别的。类似之处。由国家人事部颁发的全国翻译专业资格证书称为：资深、一级二级、三级。由教育部颁发的全国外语翻译证书称为：初级、中级、高级。一级（高级）口译、笔译翻译要具有较为丰富的科学文化知识和较高的双语互译能力，能胜任范围较广、难度较大的翻译工作，能够解决翻译工作中的疑难问题，能够担任重要国际会议的口译或译文定稿工作。二级（中级）口译、笔译翻译要具有一定的科学文化知识和良好的双语互译能力，能胜任一定范围、一定难度的翻译工作。三级（初级）口译、笔译翻译要具有基本的科学文化知识和一般的双语互译能力，能完成一般的翻译工作。 —相似之处 如最简单的三级（初级）考试就适合一些非外语专业本科毕业、通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平，并具备一定的口笔译实践经验；而二级（中级）却适合非外语专业研究生毕业或外语专业本科毕业生水平，并具备3至5年的翻译实践经验；要考取一级（高级）证书应该是最为困难的，它要具备8至10年的翻译实践经验，是某语种双语互译方面的专家。鉴于此，非英语专业的大学本科毕业生，最好从三级（初级）考起。通过初级口译或初级笔译者，可承担一般性会谈的口译工作或一般性材料的翻译工作。 —不同之处 1、全国翻译专业资格证书直接与职称相挂钩 据中国外文局全国翻译资格考试中心负责人翟煜林介绍，中国外文局组织实施翻译专业资格证书与职称挂钩。建立这个翻译人员资格考试制度后，翻译和助理翻译专业职务不再通过评审，而是由二、三级口译和笔译替代，从而改变了过去以单一评审模式对翻译人才进行评价的方式。它与职称挂钩，因此是从事专业翻译工作者获得职称的必经途径。而且全国翻译专业资格证书要求的专业性比较强，所以更适合以后从事英语方面的专业人士考取。 2、外语翻译资格证书有了一定社会化基础 这个早在2001年就由北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心推出的中国首个翻译资格认证考试，是为社会上的翻译从业人员和在校大学生提供的翻译资格的一个以学校为发证主体的认证。由于当时是比较早的一个翻译水平考试，被社会上比较多的翻译从业者和英语爱好者所接受。 3、两证来自于不同的背景 多年来我国翻译界存在着一个从助理翻译、翻译、副译审到译审的完整的翻译职称评审和晋级制度，这一职称评审制度是与高校教职、研究院所的研究职称和出版部门的编辑职称制度相对应的，它在一定程度上曾确立了翻译行业的职业归属感和对专业独立性的自信，却并没有成为一种有广泛社会认可度与社会适用性的职业资格评价体系，翻译专业资格证书就是在这样的背景下产生的。而对于北外来说，随着对外交往、国际合作的日益增多，对具有一定水平的专职翻译人员的需求、培养也突显其重要性。为了适应社会对翻译人员的需求，
英语翻译实习报告总结 如今，高职教育迎来了高速发展的空前大好时机。为了更好地发展高职教育，越来越多的教育工作者开始致力于高职教学改革工作，并取得了令人瞩目的成绩。但与此同时，笔者也发现有些课程的改革方面依然有些滞后，需要引起更多更广泛的关注，高职商务英语翻译实训课程便位列其中。 一、翻译实训课的重要性实训课作为实践性课程的重要组成部分，对高职教育来说自然非常重要。与普通高等教育相比，高职教育更加重视培养实用型、应用型的人才。实训课程即为实现这一培养目标的重要途径之一。杨国祥，丁钢总结了高职课程建设的基本原则，其中即有突出实践教学的原则。同时，高职教育较普通高等教育而言更强调培养学生的动手实践能力，有人也称高职教育为就业教育。因此，尽快缩短学生进入工作角色的周期就成为高职教育的一个重要目标。设置一些实践性的课程，比如实训课，就有助于实现这一目标。翻译课本身即是实践性非常强的课程，如果没有大量的实际操练和训练，就容易偏于理论而失去其应有的实践性意义。相反，只有通过大量的笔译和口译实操，在训练的过程中发现并帮助解决学生存在的问题，同时补充一些做好翻译所必需的方法、技巧，如笔译中长句的断句技巧、主动语态与被动语态的互变、增词译法、减词译法，口译中的顺译技巧、焊接技巧、拆句技巧、合句技巧、耽搁翻译、
预判技巧等，才能让高职商务英语专业的学生更快地掌握翻译技巧和方法，提高翻译能力，从而增强其就业竞争力。 二、高职商务英语翻译实训课现状尽管翻译实训课非常重要，但是高职商务英语翻译实训课目前却表现出发展极其不均衡的状况。 1.就重视程度而言，一些院校非常重视，不仅开设翻译实训课，有些还专门建立了翻译实训室。然而，很多高职院校的商务英语专业不重视或不够重视翻译实训课的建设，只是在翻译课中加一些练习。究其原因，一方面可能是财力、物力等方面有所局限;另一方面，则可能是主观上不够重视，有些院校则根本不设置翻译课和翻译实训课。 2.在开设了翻译实训课的院校中，也存在着各种各样的问题。 (1)师资问题教授翻译实训课的教师必须要有翻译知识背景，要了解基本的翻译理论、技巧、方法等，同时最好有商务实践背景。现实情况却是，有些院校的商务翻译实训课是由纯语言学背景但无翻译背景的教师来教授的，有些则由有实践经验但缺乏必需的翻译理论、方法、技巧的教师任教。结果自然都无法令人满意。 (2)翻译实训课的课时不足有些院校也开设翻译实训课，但课时却严重不足，导致的结果是教师的讲授和学生的练习均无法达到令人满意的效果。
2019年6月CATTI全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语一级《笔译实务》试题 Section 1: translation Part 1 English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(40points) There was a time when people used to love reading books and they used to read books only for their own pleasure. The traditional pleasures of reading are more complex than just enjoyment. They involve patience, solitude, contemplation. And therefore the books that are most at risk from our attention are these that require a bit of effort. In order for this to work, however, we need a certain type of silence, an ability to filter out the noise. Such a state is increasingly elusive in our over-networked culture, in which every rumour and mundanity is blogged and tweeted. Today, it seems it is not contemplation we seek but an odd sort of distraction masquerading as being in the know. Why? Because of the illusion that illumination is based on speed, that it is more important to react than to think, that we live in a culture in which something is attached to every bit of time. In one sense, this is just the latest twist in a story that has been growing for nearly a century. It seems that each new media invention —movies, radio, television, VCRs and DVD players, and the Internet-inevitably affects the way people read and reduces the time they devote to it. These days, after spending hours reading e-mails and fielding phone calls in the office, tracking stories across countless websites, I find it difficult to quiet down. Besides, most people read to be informed and instructed -where to take a vacation, how to cook, how to invest their money. Less frequently, the reasons may be escapist or to be entertained, to forgo the boredom or anxiety of their daily lives. A mode of thinking is being lost,” laments Neil Postman, whose book “Amusing Ourselves to Dea th,” is a warning about the consequences of a falloff in reading. American politics, religion, news, athletics, education, and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business. Ironically, but not coincidentally, reading has begun fading from our culture at the very moment that its importance to that culture is finally being established. Its decline, many theorists believe, is as profound as, say, the fall of communism, and some have taken to prophesying that the downturn in reading could result in the modern world's cultural and political decline. Optimists, however, suggest that the widespread notion that reading is in decline is an oversimplification, citing statistics showing books, the oldest form of print, seem to be doing reasonably well and publishers, in fact, are