必修三Unit5 Noun clauses as the appositive
同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做。（名词、代词、数词和从句）
Are you three ready to start out?
They each can get a chance to travel by air.
We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and a American.
The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true.
同位语从句：跟在名词后，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，作同位语的从句。
它通常跟在某些名词之后，如：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information,
message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem，
question, doubt, thought等。
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.
同为从句的连接词：
①that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替。
The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.
③连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
I have no idea when he will be back．
④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句
注意：表示建议、命令、要求等的名词（如suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request等）后跟同位语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气，通常用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
It’s my request that the work (should) be finished before 4 o’clouk.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
①意义不同：同位语从句用来对前面的名词起补充解释作用，二者同位关系；而定语从句是用
来说明先行词的性质或特征，起修饰和限定的作用。
1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.
2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.
② that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，
不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。
1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.
2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
③that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是
代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
1. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me.
2. The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.
④引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；
而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。
1.I had no idea at all what I should do next.
2. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.
⑤当when, why, where和how等引导的同位从句时，它们为连接副词，虽然在句子中充当成分，
但前面没有与其意义相同的先行词；而在定语从句中它们有关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间，原因，地点和方式意义的名词作先行词。
1. Then arose the question where we were to get so many chairs needed.
2. That’s the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting.
一.同位语从句注意点
I. 说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）
1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.
2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.
3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.
4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?
5. Is this the company where your father works?
6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.
7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.
II 习题巩固：
1. The news ____ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers.
A which
B that
C what
D whatever
2 The news ____ he told us is exciting. Which of the following is wrong?
A what
B \
C which
D that
3.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. when
4.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. what
5.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where
B. when
C. what
D. that
6.The news _____ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. how
7.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that
B. that which
C. that what
D. which that
8.Word has come _____ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what
B. whether
C. that
D. which
what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。
1) What you said yesterday is right.
It is right what you said yesterday. （）
2) That she is still alive is certain.
It is certain that she is still alive. （）
习题巩固：
1. I wonder if this is ______you are looking for.
2. Our school is quite different from _______ it was before.
3. Father made a promise ______ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.
4._______ I can’t understand is why he has changed his mind.
5.___________ the earth is round is known to us all.
注意：连词THAT在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而WHA T在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。
练习：
I．请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。
1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.
2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.
3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.
4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.
5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.
II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。
1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.
2. I’ve come with a message from Mr. Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.
4. I’ve read the bo ok where you gave me the day before yesterday.
5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.
III．高考单选
1．A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
2．—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _____ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
3．Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that
B. what
C. as
D. which
5. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that
B.what
C.why
D.which
6 The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that
B.what
C.which
D.why
7 The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A.what
B.that
C.why
D.when
8 His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A.which
B.that
C./
D.it
9 I have no idea ____ he will start.
A.when
B.that
C.what
D./
10 I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.which
11 He thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.when
B.which
C.what
D.that
12 The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A.which
B.whether
C.that
D.what
13 The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A.that
B.as
C.of which
D.which
14 He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A.whether
B.where
C.that
D.when
15 Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
16 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
17 Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
18. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.
A. it, if
B. that, if
C. it, whether
D. this, whether
19--What are you anxious about?-- ____
A. How can we succeed
B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed
D. That we can succeed
20 The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why
B. why, that
C. that, because
D. for, because
21 __leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who
B. Whoever
C. Anyone
D. The person
22 I really don’t know _____I ha d this photo taken.
A. where it was that
B. it was that
C. where it was
D. it was why
24--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what
B. What, what
C. How, that
D. What, that
25 Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
26.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that
B. What, what
C. That, what
D. What, that
27.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
1. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree. [2004
全国卷I]
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
2. The road is c overed with snow. I can’t understand _____ they insist on going by motorbike. [2004全
国卷IV]
A. why
B. whether
C. when
D. how
3. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago. [天津2004]
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
4. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. [上海2004]
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. how
5. Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. [上海2004春]
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
6. A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. [上海2004]
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
7. I think Father would like to know _____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
[湖南2004]
A. which
B. why
C. what
D. how
8. The Foreign Minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” [北京2004]
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
9. We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter _____ I’m talking to. [广
东2004]
A. who is it
B. who it is
C. it is who
D. it is whom
Key:
1中that引导同位语从句，说明“news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。
2中that引导定语从句，对“news”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。
1中that引导同位语从句，其中that无词义，也不充当任何成分；
2中that引导定语从句，that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语，且that可以用which替换。1．（that不可换为which）
2．（第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）
BA BABACC
What what THAT what THAT
I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what
6. whether
II. 1 that→which 2. how→that 3. if→whether
4. where→that / which或省略where
5. when→that
6. that→how
（注意：斜体部分为最佳选项。下同）
[点拨] that引导的同位语从句解释说明thought的内容。
[点拨] that引导的同位语从句解释说明story的内容。believe it or not为插入语。
[点拨] 考查what引导的同位语从句，what在从句中作主语。
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
答案:1. B 2. B 3. D
B. 1—5 ABBB 6—10 AACD 11.A
1. B。考查表语从句。disagree是不及物动词，从句中不缺宾语，故首先可排除C；由句意“这就是我不同意的地方。”可知应选B。
2. A。考查宾语从句。由句意“路上都是雪，我不明白他们为什么还坚持要骑摩托车去。”可知应选A。
3. A。考查宾语从句。宾语从句在句中作介词in 的宾语，从句中缺少主语。而在名词性从句中what可作主语、宾语、表语等；which多作定语；that一般不充当成分；where作状语或表语，故选A。
4. B。考查主语从句。从句中动词do缺少宾语，故选what，what引导的从句在句中作主语。
5. B。考查同位语从句。that引导的从句是promise的同位语，说明其内容。
6. D。考查同位语从句。空格后的句子成分完整，说明的是a story的内容，故用that来引导，作a story的同位语。因同位语从句较长，放在了谓语之后，避免句子显得头重脚轻。
7. C。考查宾语从句。be up to sth.意为“干某事”，故应用what来引导宾语从句，且what在从句中作介词to的宾语。
8. D。此句为it 放在句首作形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句。
9. C。考查宾语从句。figure out为及物动词短语，故其后跟的是宾语从句；由从句意思可知引导词在句中作原因状语，故选why。
10. B。此句中it 放在句首作形式主语，真正的主语是who 引导的从句。名词性从句要用陈述语序，故选B。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别（配练习与答案） 一、复习定语从句 1.定义：该句子在复合句中作定语，像形容词一样起修饰作用。 2.特点：1)用陈述句语序。2) 去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。 3.位置：位于所修饰的名词之后，该名词叫做先行词。 4.引导词：1）关系代词： a) 在从句中可做主语，宾语，定语。 b) 分为：先行词为人：who(主，宾)，whom(宾)，whose(定), that（主，宾） 先行词为物：which(主，宾), that（主，宾）,whose（定） eg：The lady who is standing behind Tom is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. c) 关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。 2）关系副词：a)在从句中作状语。 b)分为：when , where, why eg：He came last night when I was out. 新内容： 1.词类：同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词 I can’t stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 2.性质：同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true.
必修三Unit5 Noun clauses as the appositive 同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做____________ 。(名词、代词、数词和从句) Are you three ready to start out? They each can get a cha nee to travel by air. We have two foreig n teachers, a Can adia n and a America n. The news that we 're having a holiday tomorrow is true. 同位语从句：跟在名词后，进一步说明该名词的具体容，作同位语的从句。 它通常跟在某些名词之后，如：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word (消息),problem , question, doubt, thought 等。 They were delighted at the n ews that their team had won. Where did you get the idea that I could not come ? 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that Tom might have retur ned the book. 同为从句的连接词： ①that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略。 He hasn ' t made the decision whether he will go there. The n ews that Mr. Li will be our new En glish teacher is true. ②whether引导同位语从句时意为是否”通常不能用if来代替。 The questi on who should do the work is being discussed at the meeti ng. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now. ③连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句。 I have no idea how I can get to the railway stati on. I have no idea when he will be back . ④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句 注意：表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request等)后跟同位语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气，通常用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 It 'myrequest that the work (should) be finished before 4 o 'clouk. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： ①意义不同：同位语从句用来对前面的名词起补充解释作用，二者同位关系；而定语从句是用来说明先行词 的性质或特征，起修饰和限定的作用。 1. The n ews that our team has won the final match is en couragi ng. 2. The n ews that you told us is really en courag ing.
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
同位语从句 一定义及分类 一．连接词分类及用法
四．虚拟语气 【习题精炼】 1．The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday．A．Will be put off B．will put off C．put off D．be put off 2．is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs．A．There B．This C．That D．that 3．It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey． A．while B．that C．if D．for 4．leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights． A．Anyone B．The person C．Whoever D．Who 5．they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．A．That；how B．What；how C．What；that D．That；that 6．I have will be yours sooner or later． A．No matter what B．No matter how C．Whatever D．However 7．Word came I was wanted at the office． A．which B．why C．that D．whether 8．we can’t get seems better th an we have． A．What；what B．What：that C．That；that D．That：what 9．—has made our city Dalian she is today? —It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look． A．What；that B．That；what C．there；so D．That；that 10．It was at the very beginning Mr White made the decision we should send more firefighters there． A．that：that B．when；which C．there；what D．where；what 11. The fact ________ he didn’t see Lao Li yesterday is true. A．which B．that C．when D．what 12. I have no idea ________ he will come back. A．where B．when C．what D．That 13. The dictionary is to a student________ the tool is to a worker. A．which B．that C．what D．whatever Keys：1-5DDBCD 6-10 CCACA 11-13 BBC
语法高一英语必修一定语从句专项练习题定语 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
【语法】高一英语必修一定语从句专项练习题定语从句专项练习题E x e r c i s e1:默写定语从句的相关知识点定语的基本感念: 定语在句中位置: 定语的表现形式: 从句的基本概念: 定语从句: 先行词: 引导词: 关系词的作用: 关系代词: 关系副词: Exercise 2: 指出下列句子中的定语由什么担当，并说明与修饰词的位置关系。T h e b l a c k b i k e i s m i n e.形容词b l a c k作名词b i k e的前置定语W h a t’s y o u r n a m e I h a v e5b o o k s.
T h e r e i s a s l e e p i n g b o y i n o u r c l a s s r o o m. T h e y m a d e p a p e r f l o w e r s. T h e b o y i n t h e r o o m i s J a c k. I h a v e s o m e t h i n g t o d o. I t i s a s w i m m i n g p o o l. T h e r e i s s o m e t h i n g w r o n g. T h e l e s s o n wh i c h w e s t u d i e d y e s te r d a y w a s h a r d to u n d e r s t a n d. T h i s i s t h e g i r l w h o m I m e t i n t h e s t r e e t. E x e r c i s e3:指出下列句子中关系词的三个作用 1. He is the man whom I met yesterday.他是我昨天在街道上遇见的那个人。 关系代词whom，引导后面的定语从句，代替先行词the man在定语从句I met ( ) y e s t e r d a y.中作m e t的宾语。 k n o w t h e m a n w h o l i v e s n e x t d o o r.我认识住在隔壁的那个人。 will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。 showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The news that our team has won the final match is exciting. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 爸爸许下了我通过英语考试就给我买 CD player 的承诺 My Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? We haven 'stettled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. He expressed the hope that he would ome over to visit China again. 10. 作为一个孝顺的儿子，我接受了父亲的决定，要当医生， 前途毫无兴趣 An obedient son, I had accepted my father 'descision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all. 11. 然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 12. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。 It does not alter the fact that he is the man res pon sible for the delay. 1. 他们应该尝试第二次的想法值得考虑 2. 她工作很努力的事实我们都知道 3. 他们表达了他们将会再次来拜访中国的希望 4. 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人兴奋。 5. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 6. 7. 你是从那里得到我不会来的想法 ? 8. 我们还没有解决我们要去哪里度过暑假的问题 9. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 虽然我对这样的
同位语从句用法小结 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词 advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word 二、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. I have no idea what he is doing now.。 There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise. 三、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
定语从句 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。 3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类： 关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法 1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：
2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 told him all (that) I know. gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 have read all the books (that) you gave me. can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1.先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
高考英语最可能考的同位语从句 英语中有两类从句所修饰的名词可以叫“先行词”，一类是定语从句，一类是同位语从句。同学们知道，定语从句所修饰的先行词数量很多，单是指人和指物的名词就有千千万万个，但英语中的同位语从句则不同，它所修饰的先行词非常有限，中学英语中最常用的可能只有几十个，并且高考可能重点的考查只有十几个： 1. chance 可能性 chance后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某事发生的可能性。如： I think that there is every chance that you will succeed. Do you think there’s any chance that you could get a job in Paris 2. doubt 怀疑 doubt后接that引导的同位语从句，表示对某事的怀疑。如： There is no doubt that the world is getting warmer. There’s no doubt that one day a cure will be found. 3. fact 事实 fact后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个事实的具体内容。如： The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists is as great as ever. 4. evidence证据 evidence后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个证据的具体内容。如： Do you have evidence that this treatment works Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting 5. hope希望 hope后接that引导的同位语从句，表示希望的具体内容。如： Is there any hope that they will be home in time The President has expressed the hope that relations will improve. 6. idea 想法 idea后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。如： It’s based on the idea that all people are created equal. Where did you get the idea that she doesn’t like you
Unit 5 单元语法：同位语从句导学案 【使用说明及学法指导】 （1）5分钟检查学生背诵课前探究的句子的情况。 （2）10分钟让学生合作探究自主探究部分的内容并展示和点评； （3）10分钟让学生讨论关于同位语从句的知识，并分组展示； （4）10分钟让学生巩固落实、当堂检测。 （5）10分钟教师点评，总结，反刍。 【学习目标】 (1) 通过自主学习和合作探究学习和掌握同位语从句的特点和用法。 (2) 学会区别同位语从句与定语从句。 （3）培养学生语法学习的策略和合作学习的习惯。 （4）激情投入，高效参与课堂，体验学习英语的快乐。 Ⅰ.【自主探究】 背诵并探究下面的句子。分析句子的结构，然后找出主句和从句，说出从句属于哪种从句。1. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. 主句为：_______________________________________________ 从句属于：________________________ 2. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. 主句为：___________________________________________________________________________ 从句属于：________________________ 3. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. 主句为：____________________________________________________________________________ 从句属于：________________________ 4. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.
英语同位语从句用法详解 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message 等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如： Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。 Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。 三、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：
同位语从句 【教学内容】同位语从句 【教学目标】熟练掌握同位语从句 【教学重难点】引导词的使用、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 【教学过程】 * 什么是同位语从句：同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词称为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用等同于先行词的作用。 Eg:The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true. 这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。 析：The fact就等于we’ll go on a picnic,是对the fact 的解释说明。 ▼同位语从句常修饰的名词 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是含有抽象意义的名词。常用的有： ●advice 建议●belief 信念、相信●doubt 怀疑 ●explanation 解释●fear 害怕●fact事实 ●hope 希望● idea 想法、主意●news 消息 ●order 命令●opinion 观点●possibility 可能性 ●promise 答应、诺言●problem 问题●question问题 ●report 报道●reply答复●statement论断 ●suggestion建议●thought想法●truth事实 ●wish 愿望●warning 警告●word 消息 * 同位语从句的连接词的使用 ?由that引导 Eg:①We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到我们队赢了。 ②They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。 ③The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。 ?在某些名词，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中should可以省略。 Eg:①The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the Chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。 ②They expressed the wish that she (should) accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
同位语 一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。 一、 用法1 由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语其中常用‘，’连接。 Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 Mr.Smith是主语our new teacher的同位语，指同一人。 Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers'. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 a friend of my brothers'是受词Tom的同位语，指同一人。 用法2 同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。 He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor. 他本人对我讲，他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。 （brother和John都是单一的字作同位语，与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。） Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James. 昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。 （同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher，同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。） 用法3 同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。 We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 Chinese people是we的同位语。 He is interested in sports,especially ball games. 他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。 ball games是sports的同位语。 二、 1，名词作同位语 Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 （在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang'), 2，短语作同位语 I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。, 3，直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4，句子作同位语
定语从句练习题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that https://www.doczj.com/doc/cd1676946.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it