2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
管理类专业硕士学位联考
英语（二）试卷
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1_____, when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2_____.
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3____on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4_____ the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5____ my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6_____of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7____ altering your training program. The most 8______changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these 9_____, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10_____. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11______my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12_____ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13_____ my training program.
I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14_____to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15_____and dropping weight, this is a 16_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17_____ to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18_____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19_____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20_____over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1. [A]. Besides [B]. Therefore [C]. Otherwise [D]. However
2. [A]. helps [B]. cares [C]. warns [D]. reduces
3. [A]. initially [B]. solely [C]. occasionally [D]. formally
4. [A]. recording [B].lowering [C]. explaining [D]. accepting
5. [A]. modify [B]. set [C]. review [D]. reach
6. [A]. definition [B].depiction [C]. distribution [D]. prediction
7. [A]. due to [B].regardless of [C]. aside from [D]. along with
8. [A]. orderly [B].rigid [C]. precise [D].immediate
9. [A]. claims [B].judgments [C]. reasons [D]. methods
10. [A]. instead [B].though [C]. again [D]. indeed
11. [A]. report [B].track [C]. overlook [D]. conceal
12. [A]. depend on [B].approve of [C]. hold onto [D]. account for
13. [A]. prepare [B]. share [C]. adjust [D]. confirm
14. [A]. results [B].features [C]. rules [D]. tests
15. [A]. bored [B]. anxious [C]. hungry [D]. sick
16. [A]. principle [B].secret [C]. belief [D]. sign
17. [A]. request [B].necessity [C]. decision [D]. wish
18. [A]. disappointing [B].surprising [C].restricting [D]. consuming
19. [A]. if [B].because [C]. unless [D]. until
20. [A]. obsessing [B].dominating [C]. puzzling [D]. triumphing
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet t his understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger rec ognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an
emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathet ic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.
A. foster a child’s moral development
B. regulate a child's basic emotions
C. improve a child's intellectual ability
D. intensify a child's positive feelings
22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.
A. inexcusable
B. deceptive
C. addictive
D. burdensome
23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.
A. emotions are context-independent
B. an emotion can play opposing roles
C. emotions are socially constructive
D. emotional stability can benefit health
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.
A. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
B. may help correct emotional deficiencies
C. can bring about emotional satisfaction
D. can result from either sympathy or guilt
25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.
A. teachings
B. wrongdoings
C. discussions
D. restrictions
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate
change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve foc used on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.
26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that____.
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ____.
A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _____.
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires
B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29. What is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5____?
A. To obtain enough financial support
B. To carry it out before the year of 2020
C. To handle the areas in serious danger first
D. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions
30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ____.
A. supportive
B. ambiguous
C. tolerant
D. cautious
Text3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.
Mechanization isn’t the answer, either----not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, hav e a long way to go before they’re automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture
B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
D. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers
32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_____.
A. the aging of immigrant farm workers
B. the rising number of illegal immigrants
C. the high mobility of crop workers
D. the lack of experienced laborers
33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?
A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
C. To get native U.S. workers back to farming
D. To use more robots to grow high-value crops
34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its _____.
A. control of annual admissions
B. slow granting procedures
C. limit on duration of stay
D. tightened requirements
35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A. Manpower VS. Automation?
B. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
C. Import Food or Labor?
D. America Saved by Mexico?
Text 4
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities star ring in a new video for World Environment Day--encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power
that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polici es that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
36. Some celebrities star in a new video to_____.
A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
B. demand new laws on the use of plastics
C. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
D. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may_____. .
A. suppress our desire for success
B. mislead us into doing worthless things
C. prevent us from making further efforts
D. weaken our sense of accomplishment
38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates that_____.
A. We should press our government to lead the combat
B. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
C. our relationship with local industries is improving
D. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be_____.
A. a top-down process
B. a win-win arrangement
C. a self-driven mechanism
D. a cost-effective approach
40. The author concludes that individual efforts______.
A. can be too aggressive
B. can be too inconsistent
C. are far from rational
D. are far from sufficient
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a
home?
In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.
McClain's little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2, 000 U. S. adults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, "he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home-but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.
Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,” Hampson said.
The other issue is that many children -----especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.
"They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us, " he said " HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. With
that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner,, a real estate analyst with https://www.doczj.com/doc/d07485155.html,.
“Their opinions can change tomorrow, " Garner said. “ Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to
(1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
(2) tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address.（10 points）
Part B
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
(1)interpret the chart, and
(2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二参考答案
1-5 DABBD
6-10 BADCA
11-15 BDCAC
16-20 DCABA
21-25 ADBDB
26-30 BBDCA
31-35 DACAC
36-40 CCAAD
41-45 ADCGF
46．参考译文
我们很容易低估英国作家吉米?哈利。他的作品秉承一种令人愉快的，易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以模仿。很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间。”说来容易，做来难。与大家所想的相反，早年吉米?哈利发现写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作游戏”。尽管很显然他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写与阅读的结果。与大多数作家一样，一路走来，他经历了多次的失望与拒绝，但这一切使他更坚定了获得成功的决心。他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然。
47.小作文
Dear Prof. Smith,
It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned.
To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By Bike”on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium on our campus Dec.28th, 2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be awarded to the winner of the debate.
It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming 48.大作文
This bar chart depicts the changes of college students’ different choices after graduation from 2013 to 2018. According to the data given above, the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased from 68.1% to 60.7% while the percentage of pursuing a further study in postgraduate schools increased from 26.3% to 34.0%. By contrast, the change of the percentage of starting a business is not obvious.
There are several possible factors which account for this phenomenon and the followings are the typical ones. On the one hand, due to the increasing emphasis on education, pursuing a further study has become much more popular for college students. On the other, it is the stress from fierce employment competition that makes college students realize the significance of enhancing their academic level and practical skills, which explains the reason why the percentage of hunting for a job has decreased obviously.
From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that this established trend is acceptable. And it is wise for postgraduate students to broaden their horizons and to improve their practical skills during postgraduate study. Only in this way, can they be qualified for the future position.
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 英语（二）试题-1-（共14 页）
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析 Section I Use of English 1.【答案】A(However) 【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。B. moreover表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise表对比 2.【答案】D (around) 【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。A. off 停止B. back 返回C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around出现。 3.【答案】B (concept) 【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义)，而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。 4.【答案】D (reverse) 【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize (变革)意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。” 5.【答案】C (slow) 【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady稳定不变的。 6.【答案】B (against) 【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点，即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消失来阐述。而且由句首的Although得知，空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，故答案选B，work against妨碍，对…产生消极影响。A. work for 为…而工作C. work with 与…共事，对…起作用D. work on 从事…工作，对…起作用，都不合适。 7.【答案】B (expensive) 【解析】本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以根据这个基调，得出选项productive不对，最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项expensive，其他选项意思放到空格处不合理，imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”;sensitive，意思是“敏感的、容易受伤的”。故本题正确答案为B。 8.【答案】D(dominant) 【解析】空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式，将四个选项带入，C, D是比较恰当的，再结合本文章的主旨，应该选择“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的D 选项。A. similar 相似的B. original原始的，独创的,都不合适。 9.【答案】B (provide) 【解析】纸质支票支付能够____收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势，A. collect 收集收据，C. copy 复印收据，D. print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。应该是B. provide提供
2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However 2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces 3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share 12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for 13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share 14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign 17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish 18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming 1
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案 【完型填空答案解析】 今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。 1.【答案】D tricky 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。 2.【答案】B for example 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。 3.【答案】A Fortunately 【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。 4.【答案】C describe 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。 5.【答案】A while 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。 6.【答案】B task 【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这不是个容易的差事/任务。task 意为任务，其余选项答案，选择，途径/权限都不合适，故选B符合句意。 7.【答案】A tolerant 【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。空格所在句指出有时父母会很累很沮丧，这时候对待孩子就很难沉着冷静(composed)和包容。tolerant意为包容的，故选A符合句意。 8.【答案】C push 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。push为催促/紧逼，此处move(移动，使感动)，drag(拖拽)，send(发送)均不符合句意，故选C。 9.【答案】D inevitable
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3. It is hard to End n safe environment for running.
绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡 指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.
2019考研英语（二）真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-be ing. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater