2021届河北衡水高中英语新高考语法复习讲义（061）虚拟语气在条件从句中的七种用法常考知识点总结整理
1) 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果从句皆用直陈语气。如：If I have enough money I will buy a computer.
假若我有钱，我就买台电脑。
If they keep on stealing they will reap what they sow.
如果他们继续偷窃，必将自食其果。
If you haven't finished with that book you can keep it for one more day.
如果那本书你还没读完，你可以再看一天。
非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。现将用于非真实条件句中的虚拟时态列表如下：
2）表示在与现在事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were），主句谓语动词用should / would + 动词原形或could / might ＋动词原形。如：
I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time，I would certainly come to see you.
很抱歉，我很忙。如果有时间，我一定去看你了。
If it weren't for their support，we would be in a difficult situation.
要不是有他们的支持，我们的处境会很困难。
If places were alike，there would be little need for geographers.
如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。
If I were you，I would apply for the job.
如果我是你，我会申请那份工作的。
What would you do if you knew who broke the glass?
要是你知道谁打破了玻璃，你会怎么办？
Even if I had the money，I wouldn't buy it.
即使我有钱也不会买它。
例题：
—He looks hot and dry.
—So_______ you if you had a temperature of 40°C.
A. may
B. would
C. must
D. should
【答案选B】在答语的句首中用了倒装句式。=You would look hot and dry too if you had a temperature of 40°C. 同时由had可知用的是虚拟。
3）表示与过去事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用had ＋过去分词，主句谓语动词用should / would have + 过去分词或could / might ＋have ＋过去分词。如：
If I had taken your advice, I wouldn't have made such a mistake.
如果当时听了你的话，我就不会犯这样的错误了。
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn't have finished the work so easily.
要不是你的帮助，我的工作不会这么容易完成。
If we had known the basic principles, we should have controlled the process even better.
如果我们知道这些基本原理，我们早就能更好地控制这个工序了。
If facts had been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.
假使早一个星期收集事实，我们就有更多的时间研究它们了。
The conference wouldn't have been so successful if we hadn't made adequate preparation.
如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。
例题：
Mr White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrived
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
【答案选A】本题考查虚拟语气，全句意为：Mr White 8:30原本应该到会的，但他没露面。全句谈的是过去的事，故应使用should have done 结构，表原本该做而没做某事。
4）表示与将来事实相反的情况时，从句谓语动词用动词过去式或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形，主句谓语动词用should / would ＋动词原形或could / might + 动词原形。如：
If it rained were to rain / should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。
I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail again.
即使再次失败我也不会气馁。
If I were to do it, I would do it another way.
要是我来做这件事，我会用另一种方法。
If Alan were to come tomorrow, I would speak to him about it.
假如明天艾伦来，我会跟他谈这个问题。
If I made a mistake, I should try to remedy it.
假如我犯了错误，我就会设法补救。
If something should go wrong, the control rods would drop.
万一发生什么事故，控制杆就会下落。
注意：有不少情态助动词也可用于虚拟语气。如：
May you live a long and happy life.
愿你长寿幸福。（may只用于表示愿望）
If there were no friction, an automobile could not move．
没有摩擦力，汽车就不能开动。
But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded．
要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。
If computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not have been solved.
如果没有发明计算机的话，宇宙飞行的许多问题就不可能解决。
If you hadn't reminded me, I might have forgotten.
要不是你提醒，我可能就忘了。
If he left at nine, he should arrive in time.
如果他九点动身，就会按时赶到。
5）在错综时间虚拟条件句（即主句和从句所指的时间不一致）中动词的形式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如：
If you were in better health, we would have asked you to come.
如果你身体好一些，我们早就请你来了。
If we had consulted him on the question yesterday, we should know what to do now.
假如昨天我们向他请教了这个问题，现在就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
If I were not busy, I would have come.
假如我不忙，我就会去的。（were表过去）
If I were not busy, I would come.
假如我不忙，我就会来的。（were表现在）
例题：
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if
I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
【答案选B】主句部分是would be doing today，而从句部分有时间状语at the age of seven，很明显是对过去情况的假设，所以谓语部分要用hadn't fallen。
6）如果条件从句的谓语中有were，had或should 等词，可将if 省略，而把这几个词放在句首，构成倒装，表示虚拟语气，其意义与带有if的条件从句相同。如：
Were you in my position, what would you do?
假如你处在我的位置，你会怎么做？
Were he to leave today, Carl would get there by Friday.
如果卡尔今天动身，星期五前会赶到那儿。
Had some work been done, energy would have been applied.
如果做了一定量的功，就一定消耗了能量。
Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
万一明天下雨，会议就会延期。
Should he come, Bill would be able to examine the trial run of the machine.
如果比尔来，他就能检验这台机器的试车情况了。
例题：
fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be
B. Should you be
C. Could you be
D. Might you be
【答案选B】从主语时态可知，这是表将来事实的虚拟语气，从句部分相当于If you should be fired 把if省略，将should提前到句首。
7）非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体可分为两类：
?条件暗含在短语中。如：
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise, we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）
Without your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）
Without the atmosphere, life could not exist.
没有大气层，生命就不能存在。（暗含条件是without the atmosphere）
With facts collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them. 如果早一星期收集了事实，我们就有更多时间去研究它们了。（暗含条件是with facts collected one week earlier）It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.
不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）
It would be easier to do it this way.
这样做会比较容易。（暗含条件是to do it this way）
Alone, Ann would have been terrified.
如果单独一人，安会感到害怕的。（暗含条件是alone）
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
在更有利的条件下我们还可以做得更好些。（暗含条件是under more favorable conditions）
Given the opportunity, Donald might have become a famous singer.
如果给他提供机会的话，唐纳德很可能已经成为著名歌唱家了。
（暗含条件是given the opportunity）
例题：
He must have had an accident，or he here for class then.
A. had to be
B. should be
C. would be
D. would have been
【答案选D】考查含蓄虚拟条件句。该句省略了if条件句，从时间状语then判断，此题应为与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，即If he hadn't had an accident, he would have been here for class then.
?条件暗含在上下文中。如：
I would not have done it that way.
我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn't been busy）You might come to join us in the discussion.
你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高考冲刺高中英语“从句篇”语法专 题汇总 距离高考的日子掰着手指头也能数清了。将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。 从句篇 定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
高考英语语法：关于“where”从句详解 来源：天星更新日期：2010-05-15点击：249 “where”是高考热点之一，命题中主要考查其在定语从句、名词从句和状语从句这三大从句中的使用。 (1)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 句中where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中做状语； (2)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. 句中where是连接副词，引导名词从句做表语，而本身在从句中做状语； (3)If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 句中where是从属连词，引导状语从句。 在回答有关where的题目时，往往会遇到这样两个难点： 一、定语从句中，“感觉不到”的where。 一提到where，我们往往都借其词义，想到“哪里”，无论是在工厂，在学校，在街道等等，都看得见，摸得着，例如： They will fly to Washington, ____ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 答案A，这似乎是显而易见。“他们要飞往华盛顿，他们打算在那(华盛顿)待上两三天。”“在华盛顿”，使用where，有具体的地点。 不过再看一看下面的三个题目： （1）Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
状语从句一． 二．分类：
adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此） 让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时） 比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……） 条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像） 三． 四． 各种状语从句的简化方法：
1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。 例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。 例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。 例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。 例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English． 注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。 例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。 例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
三大从句 定语从句 1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in. 6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity. 7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday. 8. He is the teacher who helped me. 9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous. 10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour. 11. She is the girl whom I met at the party. 12. There are occasions when one must yield. 13.Beijing is the place where I was born. 14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 15. His father died the year when he was born. 16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago. 17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you. 20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况 ①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等) Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? All that Lily told me seems untrue. ②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰 This is the very bus that I am waiting for. The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money. ③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如： This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen? ④先行词既有人又有物
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
定义 表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。 A The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑 主语,连系动词,形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句 B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等 He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。 She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一个小时。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。 His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 The question is confusing. 这个问题令人困惑. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。 Why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。 How I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。 Whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我们行进. 注意 A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。 引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
高中英语虚拟语气语法总结 （名师剖析必考语法知识点，值得下载背诵） 虚拟语气 1）概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或 与事实相反。 2）在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是如果的意思。[来源学科网]时态关系 句型：条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题[来源:https://www.doczj.com/doc/d112304430.html,] The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型：条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterd ay, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.[来源学科网ZXXK]含义：He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c.表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不 同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 虚拟条件句的倒装[来源:Z+xx+https://www.doczj.com/doc/d112304430.html,] 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should
高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.