Hester Prynne is the protagonist of Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter.She is portrayed as a woman condemned by her Puritan neighbors. Hester had to wear a piece of red cloth in the shape of an A (standing for adulteress) on the bodice of her dress to identify her as a sinner. In fact, she was an unyielding women for she never told out who was the father. In the book, she was exactly the epitome of the noble qualities which not only influenced the clergyman but also reformed the cruel and hypocritical society at that time. So I think she is one of the most important female protagonists in American literature.
Captain Ahab is the protagonist of Melville’s novel Moby-Dick. He was a tragic figure in the novel for he perished together with the white whale at the end. The author shows us American’s dauntless spirit of the rising period and vividly revealed the pursuit of the romanticism movement through this character. We can see that Ahab was a man with the adventurous spirit. Though he died last, his spirit inspired American people to fight and struggle for their dreams and do not afraid of the difficulties. On the other hand, Ahab was also criticized by these environmental protectors. One of his legs was made of whale’s bone, and he was so crazy and brutal.
Uncle Tom is the protagonist of Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. He was initially seen as a noble, long-suffering Christian slave. Stowe intended Tom to a noble and praiseworthy person. He was a representative of a group of people, especially the African. Throughout the book, far from allowing himself to be exploited, Tom stands up for his beliefs and is grudgingly admired by his enemies. However, such a good hearted person suffered a lot under the slavery. The author shows us the cruelty of the slavery through the experience of Tom.
Tom Sawyer is the protagonist of Mark Twain’s novel 《The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer》. Tom Sawyer was a mischievous and adventurous boy with an active imagination. Despite his mischief, Tom had a good heart and a strong moral conscience. As the novel progressed, he began to take more seriously the responsibilities of his role as a leader. Tom Sawyer’s character just was conflicted to the living environment of capitalism. Compared with Tom Sawyer’s life, we can find that the life of other people were so boring and dull. Mark Twain criticized about the hypocritical society and people who chased money without mercy from the point of Tom.
Carrie Meeber is the protagonist of Theodore Dreiser’s novel Sister Carrie. At the beginning of the novel, Carrie was just a very pure-hearted girl who was eager to see the world. But, later the harsh reality made her began to learn the hypocrisy and affectation. She was totally changed by the society, and her success could be seen as a compromise of the principle to society. The author exposed the fact that United States capitalism pressed the poor and the corrosive influence of bourgeois lifestyle on petty bourgeoisie. Carrie was one of the representatives of the petty bourgeoisie.
Frederic Henry is the protagonist of Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms. He was a young American ambulance driver in the Italian army during World War Ⅰ. At first, Henry met his military duties with quite stoicism. However, later his selfish motivations undermined all sense of glory and heroism. His life lacked real passion until he met with the beautiful Catherine. Nevertheless, fate played a joke on him. At the end of the novel Catherine and their son died, for they couldn’t escape from the cruel reality and war. Henry lost his love and the hope for life. War is nothing more than the dark, murderous extension of a world that refuses to acknowledge, protect, or preserve true love.
Jay Gatsby is the protagonist of F.Scott Fitzgerald’s novel A Great Gatsby. He is a
young, mysterious millionaire. When he met Daisy while training to be an officer, he fell in love with her. After that Gatsby made his fortune through criminal activity, as he was willing to do anything to gain the social position he thought necessary to win Daisy. Gatsby was just a deeply flawed man, dishonest and vulgar, whose extraordinary optimism and power to transform his dreams into reality make him “great” nonetheless. His death was the end of his life and his dream as well. And it indicates the young generation of the time pursue their dream blindly. When money is everything, the American dream has lost its original meaning.
Tom Joad is the protagonist of John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath. Tom is good-natured and thoughtful and makes do with what life hands him. Even though he killed a man and has been separated from his family for four years, he does not waste his time with regrets. He lives fully for the present moment, which enables him to be a great source of vitality for the Joad family. A wise guide and fierce protector, Tom exhibits a moral certainty throughout the novel that imbues him with strength and resolve: he earns the awed respect of his family members as well as the workers he later organizes into unions.
Emily Grierson is the protagonist of William Faulkner’s novel A Rose for Emily.
艾米丽小姐是一个高傲、冷酷的人。当时的社会制度是南方种植园制度。从她的身份上来说，一方面她是南方种植园制度下的女人，收到制度的残酷压迫，男权为绝对中心，她对于爱情的追求受到父亲的阻挠；另一方面是南方种植园制度下的贵族，对于爱情的追求受到等级制度的约束。这样的压迫，导致艾米丽做出来过激的行为，造成了她心理的变态。以艾米丽为缩影，作者向我们展现了南北战争以来美国南方社会所经历的痛苦而艰难的变化。
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点 2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖
《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖ 《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖ 《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖ 《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖ 1二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle 《纽约外史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。 《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales 《间谍》The Spy 《领航者》The Pilot
1. The Soul Selects Her Own Society The Soul selects her own Society--- Then---shuts the door--- To her divine Majority--- Present no more--- Unmoved ---she notes the Chariots---pausing--- At her low Gate--- Unmoved---an Emperor be kneeling Upon her Mat--- I’ve known her---from an ample nation--- Choose One--- Then---close the Valves or her attention--- Like Stone--- 1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. This showed her resolution and determination. 2) Unmoved by any other temptation
3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and will never be tempted by other things. Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal 2. Anecdote(奇闻，轶事) of the Jar I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill The wilderness rose up to it, And sprawled around, no longer wild. The jar round upon the ground And tall and of a port in air It took dominion everywhere. The jar was gray and bare. It did not give of bird or bush Like nothing else in Tennessee.
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
如何引导学生赏析文学作品中的人物性格特点怎样分析文学作品中的人物形象 记叙文是初中生最熟悉的一种文体，而编入我们中学语文教材中的文本，大都是文质兼美、内涵丰富、具有一定审美价值的文学作品。这些作品，无论是叙事性散文，还是小说，都离不开人物形象的支撑。那么，如何分析并把握记叙文中的人物形象呢？我们可以从以下几个方面入手： 一．抓住文中的人物描写，揣摩人物的内心情感，感受人物的思想性格。 记叙文中的人物形象都是鲜活无比的，这种生命的活力源于各种生动的描写：外貌描写呈现的是人物的外在形象；语言、动作、神态、心理活动刻画的是人物的内在性格和思想。只要牢牢抓住人物的各种描写，深入分析，揣摩人物丰富的内心情感，就定能把握住人物的思想和性格。 【例】 ??最后，带着叹赏的舒心，他扔下刮刀，就象一个男士把披肩披到他情人肩上那样，温存关怀地把湿布蒙在女正身像上。于是，他又转身要走，那身材魁梧的老人。《从罗丹得到的启示》
【分析】句中，一个“扔”字传神地刻画出罗丹大功告成后的无比兴奋的心情；而后句中的“披”、“蒙”二字则又生动地再现了罗丹对自己作品的珍爱；最后“又转身要走”表明罗丹工作时的忘我和投入，他完全忘记了站在自己身后的“我”。由此，罗丹专注于雕塑艺术并力求完美的忘我精神就让我们了然于心了。 二．联系上下文，关注作者的整体运思，全面把握人物的思想性 格。 文学作品尤其是小说中的人物，是作家源自灵魂深处的感情人格化的产物，他们支撑着整个小说的故事和主题。这些文学人物形象之所以能超越不同民族、穿越时间隧道、震撼人们心灵并最终留在了人们的记忆深处，完全在于作者的精心塑造。因此，我们在阅读这些文学作品时，一定要联系上下文，关注作者对作品及人物的整体运思和表现手法，全面把握人物的思想性格。 【例】那同志一只手抖抖索索地打开了纸包，那是一个党证；揭开党证，里面并排着一小堆火柴。焦干的火柴。红红的火柴头簇集在一起，正压在那朱红的印章中心，像一簇火焰在跳。“同志，你看着??”那同志向卢进勇招招手，等他凑近了，便伸开一个僵直
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1
1、堂吉诃德人物形象分析： 一、堂吉诃德是一个脱离现实、耽于幻想、行动盲目的这样一个人。他因读骑士小说入了迷而想入非非，丧失了基本的理性。他把骑士小说的描写当成现实生活，无视已经发生了变化的时代。 二、堂吉诃德是一个纯粹的理想主义者。他痛恨专制残暴，同情被压迫的劳苦大众，向往自由，把保护人的正当权利与尊严，锄强扶弱，清除人世间的不平作为自己的人生理想。或许这就是他那理想化的骑士道，但他对此是如此的迷恋和执着，如此的不可思议，已完全变成偏执。 三、堂吉诃德是一个永不妥协的斗士，他为实现理想而奋不顾身的精神令我们折服。堂吉诃德敢于为主持正义、清除罪恶而忘我斗争，不管碰到什么样的敌人，他都毫不怯懦，永不退缩。他把磨坊的风车当作巨人，毫不犹豫地挺枪拍马冲过去。 总结以上几点分析，我们可以看到堂吉诃德是一个性格复杂而矛盾的人物。他身上既有滑稽可笑的特点，又有严肃认真的思考; 既荒谬绝伦，又崇高伟大; 既有喜剧性，又有悲剧性，是一个可笑又可悲、可乐又可敬的具有双重性格组合的人物形象。堂吉诃德敢用自己的行动、甚至生命来捍卫道德、正义和信仰，即使大多数情况下都以失败而告终，但他这种不屈不挠、勇于自我牺牲的精神，实在是足可令人敬佩的。 2、哈姆雷特人物形象分析： 哈姆雷特形象分析：人文主义者。复杂的性格，有崇高的理想，和人类与世界新颖的看法。目光敏锐，思考深刻，又有高度的社会责任感。但过于内向，过于审慎，加上势单力薄的处境，造成行动上的延宕。有行动的决心，而且不断督促自己，但最后只能与敌人同归于尽。 哈姆雷特是个具有先进理想并勤于思索的人文主义者。他的理想和严酷的现实发生尖锐的矛盾。精神的危机，理想的破灭，使他悲郁愤懑，痛苦异常，也促使他不断思索，加深对社会的认识。他从家庭的变故看到宫墙外的社会问题，有强烈的责任感，然而只相信个人的作用，强调思想的力量，因而矛盾重重，思考多于行动，时时感到忧郁、茫然，行动犹豫、延宕。生活在英国新兴势力还处于幼稚阶段的哈姆雷特，找不到也不可能找到正确的途径，最后他虽然奋然一击，与敌人同归于尽，但忧郁始终伴随着他，伟大的理想并未实现，莎士比亚在哈姆雷特身上寄托了人文主义的美好理想，哈姆雷特的性格特征和悲剧结局也反映了人文主义的思想危机和致命弱点。 3、唐璜人物形象分析 《唐璜》中的主人公唐璜源自西班牙传说中的人物，多次成为文学作品的题材。传统的唐璜形象是个玩弄女性，没有道德观念的花花公子。但在拜伦笔下，这个人物在多数情况下却以被勾引的角色出现。他的被迫出走，就是因为他或多或少地是那个有夫之妇的牺牲品。唐璜不同于拜伦其他诗歌中的英雄人物，作者无意将他塑造成“拜伦式的英雄”，其中却不乏诗人自传的成分。唐璜热情、勇敢、拒绝虚伪的道德信条。在面临饿死的危险时，他拒绝吃被打死的人，其中不乏象征的意义。在士兵中间，只有他表现出对一个土耳其小姑娘的命运真正的关心。他没有忧郁绝望的天性，但也没有掌握自己命运的能力。他的爱情故事大多是对上流社会虚伪道德的讽刺，而他和海盗女儿海蒂的经历，更多的是体现一种充满诗意的理想。 4、于连人物形象分析
如何鉴赏文学作品中的人物形象 本文是关于如何鉴赏文学作品中的人物形象，感谢您的阅读！ 文学是人学，尤其是小说，其核心任务就是通过塑造人物形象表现作品的主题，揭示生活的本质，表达作者的审美意识、美学观点。因此，对人物形象的理解和分析就成为小说阅读的考查热点。鉴赏人物形象一般分三步走：首先，要从人物的肖像描写、动作描写、语言描写、心理描写等入手，了解人物的外貌、心理、性格等；其次，要通过作品对人物的种种描写，把握人物的思想品质、精神风貌；最后，要体悟作者的创作意图，从作者揭示的作品主题和情感倾向中去认识人物形象的意义和作用。下面，笔者想以近年高考试题为例分类简析一下其设题方式及答题策略。 一、概括人物的性格特征【设题方式】 示例：简要概括祥子这一人物形象的性格特征。（2010年高考山东卷） 【答题策略】 “简要概括”“性格特征”是审题要点。据此，只要找到答题语域，提取或整合出体现“性格特征”的词语即可，无需分析。先找出答题区域在节选部分的最后一段。祥子的性格特点在作者描写和叙述中有体现。比如，“假若他去当了兵，他决不会一穿上那套虎皮，马上就不傻装傻地去欺辱人”，是善良本分的体现；“在车厂子里，他不闲着，把汗一落下去，他就找点事儿做”，是写祥子的勤劳；“过了几天，他们看出来他一点没有卖好讨俏的意思，他是那么真诚自然”，
则体现了他的真诚自然。 【答案示例】 勤劳；朴实（憨厚老实，善良）；上进（有生活目标，有追求，有上进心）；真诚自然（不卖好讨俏）。 二、分析人物的心理特点 【设题方式】 示例：品味文中加点的动词，简析它们分别表达了父亲怎样的心理。（2010年高考浙江卷） （1）拍拍： （2）喝令： （3）挺直： 【答题语域】 在弟弟的从容面前，父亲到底接受了现实，他什么也没说，拍拍弟弟的肩膀，把退休工资卡交给了弟弟。弟弟不要，父亲露出怒目的本色，喝令他收下，然后挺直脊背，走出大门。 【答题策略】 “加点的动词”“简析”“心理”是审题要点。据此，要联系前后文和文章的主旨，对每个动词加以分析，从而把握其心理特点。比如，父亲在弟弟困难的时候“喝令”他收下自己的退休工资卡，语言是强硬的，但其中的疼爱也是不言而喻的。 【答案示例】 ①拍拍：表现了父亲对弟弟的信任、安慰和鼓励。②喝令：以强
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
作品选读分析: Passage 1 …Suddenly there shot along the path a wild light, and I turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could have issued—for the vast house and its shadows where alone behind me. The radiance was that of the full, setting, and blood-re moon, which now shone vividly through that once barely-discernible fissure, of which I have before spoken, as extending from the roof of the building, in a zigzag direction, to the base. … Questions: 1.From which short story is this passage taken? Who is the author of this short story? 2.what kind of story is it? What’s features of this kind of story? 3.What’s the symbolic meaning of the “House” and the “Fissure”? Passage 2 “Standing on the bare ground, -- my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, -- all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.”Questions: 1. Which work is this fragment taken from? Who’s the author? 2. What does “Universal Being” refer to? 3. How to appreciate it? Passage 3 The runaway slave came to my house and stopt outside, I heard his motions crackling the twigs of the woodpile, Through the swung half-door of the kitchen I saw him limpsy and weak, And went where he sat on a log and led him in and assured him, And brought water and fill’d a tub for his sweated body and bruis’d feet, And gave him a room that enter’d from my own, and gave him some coarse clean clothes, … Questions: 1. What’s the title of the poem? From which collection of poetry is the poem taken from? 2. What’s the form of the poem? What’s the poet’s writing technique? 3. What’s the symbolic meaning of the title of the collection? What’s the theme of the poem? Passage 4 Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourselves— And Immortality. …
文学作品中的人物形象 北京一中语文组 在世界文化史上，优秀的文学作品如璀璨的群星，放射着耀眼的光芒。这些作品中的人物，无论是林黛玉，还是哈姆雷特，无论是刘和珍，还是少年维特，无不可歌可泣，令人感动。本文试图对文学作品的人物形象做一些分析，研究人物与其他因素之间的关系，探讨文学作品教学中的一些问题，以期引起同行们的共鸣。 主题 对典型人物的解读直接决定了对主题的理解。对人物的评价总是基于一定“价值坐标系”的，现实生活中存在多种“价值坐标系”，因此我们可以对同一个人物进行不同角度的解读。对作品来说，也就会获得不同的主题。 以《促织》为例，我们就可以从三个价值角度来看待人物的命运。 其一，从个人利益得失的角度来看，迂讷的成名最初因被迫缴纳促织备受摧残，但他并未像县令与里胥一样去压迫别人，几经波折，最终因献“异虫”得厚赏成巨富，体现的是“善有善报，苦尽甘来”的主题； 其二，从“异史氏”（蒲松龄）所处的饱受封建制度之害的角度来看，成名刻苦读书未能显达，进贡了一只善斗的蟋蟀就立刻得厚赏成巨富，实在是一种莫大的讽刺，政治的荒唐表现得生动而形象； 其三，从人文主义的角度来看，成名的儿子因为弄死了一只小蟋蟀害怕得投井，后来又神奇地变成一只蟋蟀给全家带来了财富，人的生命价值得不到认可，只能通过充当其他东西来改变命运，这是一种深沉的悲剧，即“人的异化”。 可见，从不同角度关注人物可以提取不同的主题。人物的典型性塑造越成功，则人物越具备还原性，也就是客观真实性，我们也就能从更多角度进行分析，从而获得更多对主题的理解。所以，优秀的作品往往是多主题的。 人物分析的选取角度是多种多样的。再以《促织》为例，选取中国传统的价值判断角度，也能得出“善有善报”的主题，只是“个人利益得失”这个角度更便于学生理解并做出判断。所以在选择主题分析角度的时候，起码的原则就是从学生容易接受的入手，但要设计一个梯度，有一定的深入，给学生认识的提高创造空间。 典型环境 典型环境是典型人物展现自己的舞台，正确认识典型环境是正确认识典型人
美国文学史及选读试题上册 姓名：班级：学号 I. Multiple Choice 20’ I. 1. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period? A. Washington Irving B.William Cullen Bryant C. Captain John Smith D. James Fenimore Cooper 2. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____. A. 1798-1832 B. 1810-1860 C. 1860-1864 D. 1776-1783 3. How many syllables are there in this first line of Raven? (“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,”) A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 16 4. What dominated the Puritan phase of American writing? A. theology B. literature C. esthetics D. revolution 5. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____. A. typography B. journalism C. revolution D. the development of paper-making industry 6. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”? A. Walt Scott B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Washington Irving D. Philip Freneau 7. Who is the first American prose stylist that acquired international fame? A. Captain John Smith B. Washington Irving C. Benjamin Franklin D. E. A. Poe 8. Who is the writer of To a Waterfowl? A. Anne Bradstreet B. Thomas Hardy C. William Cullen Bryant D. Walt Whitman 9. Thomas Paine is a ____. A. novelist B. dramatist C. poet D. pamphleteer 10. Edgar Allan Poe mainly writes ____ A. short stories B. literary critic theories C. poems D. dramas II. Blank-Filling 20’ 1. ____’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English. 2. Hard work, ____, piety, and ____were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing, including the sermons, books and letters of such noted Puritan clergymen as John Cotton and Cotton Mather. 3. Most Puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of____ 4. From 1732 to 1785, Franklin wrote and published his famous ____, an annual collection of proverbs. 5. On January 10, 1776, Paine’s famous pamphlet ____ appeared. It boldly advocated a