轮机英语·船舶辅机·分油机
考点1.分油机的基本结构
对应习题：2.5.1 【1,2,9,16,20，21，30，34，46,51，58，
1.The _____ is not a component of an oil separator.
A. sliding bowl bottom
B. gravity disc
C. separating disc
D. scum valve
【翻译】——不是分油机的部件。D
【分析】ABC 都是分油机的基本部件，而D.scum valve 上排污阀是锅炉部件。
2.The operating water is supplied under the _____ of an oil separator.
A. sliding bowl bottom
B. bowl hood
C. bowl
D. filter units
【解析】工作水被供应是从分油机的【滑动底盘】供应的。
3.In the operation of a lube oil clarifier , the position of the oil-water interface should be_____.
A. maintained by the ring dam
B. maintained by the number of disks in the disk stack
C. nonexistent
D. maintained by the diaphragm-type , weir control valve
【解析】对于分杂机， 油水分界面的位置是【不存在的】。 C
4.Which ring dam arrangement should be used for centrifugal purification?
A. The largest inside diameter ring without loss of oil
B. The largest outside diameter ring without loss of oil
C. The smallest inside diameter ring without loss of oil
D. The smallest outside diameter ring without loss of oil
【翻译】对于离心分油机，比重环的尺寸应该是【不会损失油最大内径的环】。 A
【分析】比重环内径越大，油水分界面越向外，那么能净化的油越多 ，净化速率越高。
5.As with the maintenance, which of the following is not true?
A. The cleaning of the bowl and the disc depends on whether the ejection process is in operation or not.
B. We can only use the special tools in stripping down the bowl.
C. As with the centrifuge, left hand threads are used.
D. The centrifuge should always be maintained good balance.
【翻译】对于保养，【分离筒的清洁取决于排渣过程是否在进行】是错误的。 A
6.What is the meaning of t he term “clarification” ?
①主要部件：sliding bowl bottom 滑动底盘 gravity disc /ring dam 比重环 separating disc 分离盘片 bowl 分离筒 ②分类：
oil seperator purifier ：seperarate two liquids 分水机：分离两种液体 （注：存在油水分界面） clarifier ：separate impurities and small amounts of water from oil 分杂机：从油中分离杂质和少量的水（注：不存在油水分界面）
A. Separation of solid contaminants from a liquid.
B. Separation of two insoluble liquids with different densities, and at the same time , removal of solids.
C. Separation in a single system
D. Separation of water
【解析】分杂就是【从液体中分离固体杂质】。A
7. What is the meaning of the term “purification” ?
A. Separation of two insoluble liquids with different densities, and at the same time, removal of solids.
B. Separation of solid contaminants from a liquid.
C. Operation as the 2nd separator in a a serial system
D. Cleaning a liquid
【解析】分水是指【两种不溶解的液体的分离，顺带有固体的分离】，比方说油水。A
8.Which of the following is used to purify water and foreign matters from the fuel oil ?
A. Compressor
B. Evaporator
C. Separator
D. Fuel pump
【解析】【分油机】被用来分离油中的水和外来杂质。 C
9.When a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amount of water from oil, it is known as a ______.
A. purifier
B. filter
C. separator
D. clarifier
【解析】如果离心式分油机设计用来分离杂质和少最的水，则被称作“【分杂机】”。 D
10.“A centrifuge cons ists of an electric motor driving a vertical shaft on the top of which is mounted the bowl assembly”. According to this sentence, we can know that a(n) ______ is mounted on the top of the vertical shaft.
A. centrifuge
B. electric motor
C. bowl assembly
D. driving motor
【解析】“分油机包括带动竖直轴的电动机，在分离筒上部装有分离筒部件”。以上说明，分离简装在竖直轴上。 C
11.What does the centrifuge consist of ?
A. Motor drive
B. Bowl assembly
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
【解析】离心分离机包括马达区别以及分离筒组件。 C
12.Which of the following substances is satisfactorily removed from the fuel by a centrifugal oil purifier?
A. Carbon particles
B. Lube oil
C. Gasoline
D. Diesel fuel
【解析】残炭颗粒可以通过离心分离机被满意地从燃油中移除。 A
考点2.工作原理及作用 ①油水分界面： Oil-water interface
油水分界面
Gravity disc 比重环 Oil viscosity and density
油的粘度与密度 temperature 温度 Throughput and back pressure
分油量与背压
Gravity disc ：内径越大，则界面向外扩展；反之亦然
Temperture ：温度越低，油的粘度越大，密度越大，则界面向外扩展，反之亦然
Throughput and back pressure ：分油量与背压越大，则界面向外扩展，反之亦然
②比重环（内径）的选取，要根据你要分离的油的密度（比重）
③分油机利用离心力把比重大的物质分离到外围，把比重小留在内侧
④作用：净化燃油和滑油
对应习题：2.5.1【3,4，5,10,13，14,15,17，19，22，27，32，33，36，39，40，
41，42，43，44,45，49，50，52，53，54,55，57，59，
1.Which factor determines the ring dam size for a fuel oil tubular bowl type centrifugal purifier?
A. The viscosity of the fuel.
B. The quantity of water to be removed from the fuel.
C. The specific gravity of the fuel.
D. The quantity of dirt to be removed from the fuel.
【解析】【燃油的比重】决定了比重环的直径。 C
【注意】比重环的选取，要根据你要分离的油的密度
2.The size of the discharge ring used in a lube oil purifier is determined by the oil’s _______.
A. viscosity
B. moisture content
C. sediment content
D. specific gravity
【解析】分油机的比重环的大小取决于油的【比重】。 D
3.Which of the following substances can be satisfactorily removed from diesel fuel by centrifuging?
A. Sludge
B. Gasoline
C. Fuel oil
D. Lube oil Bowl
【翻译】【油渣】可以通过离心分离从燃油中满意地被移除。 A
【分析】离心分离适用于分离悬浮固体和不相溶的液体，而BCD汽油、柴油、滑油，相似相溶，不适于离心分离
4.In a tubular-bowl type centrifugal lube oil purifier , any solids separated from the oil are _____.
A. discharged with the water
B. removed through the waste drain
C. retained in the bowl
D. solidified on the upper cover
【翻译】对于滑油分油机，油中的固体【残留在分离筒外围】。 C
【分析】请看图解
5.Water is best removed from lubricating oil by ______ .
A. silica gel cartridges
B. pressure filters
C. paper edge filters
D. centrifuging 【翻译】水可以通过【离心分离机】从滑油中满意地移除。 D
6.A centrifuge will satisfactorily remove which of the following substances from lube oil ?
A. Diesel fuel
B. Gasoline
C. Fuel oil
D. Carbon particles
【翻译】离心分离机可以将滑油中的【残炭颗粒】满意地移除。 D
7.Optimum cleaning effect in a lube oil purifier is achieved by _______.
A. keeping the lube oil in a state of low viscosity for a long period in the centrifuge bowl
B. keeping a high flow rate through the purifier
C. keeping the lube oil in a state of low viscosity for a short period in the centrifuge bowl
D. keeping a low temperature and high flow rate through the purifier
【翻译】滑油分油机的最佳净化效果的实现是【保持滑油在分离筒处于低粘度运行长时间】。A
【分析】净化时间适当增加，净化就越彻底。
8.Which items are important to get an optimal separation?
A. Correct flow, pressure and temperature(viscosity).
B. Max. flow and min. pressure
C. Low temperature and flow
D. Max. flow and high temperature
【翻译】【合适的流量，压力以及温度】对于最佳分离是至关重要的。 A
【分析】流量、压力、温度影响了分界面
9. If the temperature increases, what will happen to the interface in the bowl?
A. Interface moves outwards from center
B. Increase of the purification capacity
C. It will have no effect on the interface
D. Interface moves towards center
【解析】如果温度上升，【分界面将向中心移动】。 D
10.For a large increase in the specific gravity of the oil , the gravity disc hole diameter should be ________.
A. increased
B. kept the same
C. of no importance
D. reduced
【解析】对于油的比重大大增加，比重环的直径应该减小。 D
11.Dirty oil must ______ before being used again.
A. wash
B. be mixed
C. loosen
D. be purified
【解析】脏油在再次使用前必须【被净化】。 D
12.Oil separation is achieved in a clarifier bowl where the impurities and water collected at the bowl ______.
A. bottom
B. center
C. top
D. periphery
【解析】在分杂机进行分离时，杂质和水聚集在分离筒的【外围】。 D
13A _______ is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank.
A. filter
B. distiller
C. centrifuge
D. generator
【解析】【离心分油机】用来清洁从储存柜提供润滑油系统的润滑油。C
14.The position of the interface between oil and water within a centrifuge is achieved by the use of _______.
A. gravity disc
B. a stack of discs
C. centrifugal bowl
D. main sealing ring
【解析】离心式分油机中，油水之间的界面是通过比重环来实现的。A
15.Which ring dam arrangement should be used for centrifugal purification?
A. The largest inside diameter ring without loss of oil
B. The largest outside diameter ring without loss of oil
C. The smallest inside diameter ring without loss of oil
D. The smallest outside diameter ring without loss of oil
【翻译】对于离心分油机，比重环的尺寸应该是【不会损失油最大内径的环】。 A 【分析】比重环内径越大，油水分界面越向外，那么能净化的油越多，净化速率越高。
16.In a purifier, the interface between the liquid seal and the oil should be positioned as close as possible to ________.
A. the outlet of oil
B. the bowl periphery
C. the outlet of water
D. the center of bowl
【解析】在分水机中，油水界面应尽可能地靠近分离筒的四周。 B
17. The interface between the liquid(water) seal and the oil should be positioned _____ possible to the bowl periphery.
A. as far as
B. as close as
C. as soon as
D. as closer as
【解析】在分水机中，油水界面应尽可能地靠近分离筒的四周。 B
18.The position of the interface between oil and water within a centrifuge is achieved by the use of _______.
A. gravity disc
B. a stack of discs
C. centrifugal bowl
D. main sealing ring
【解析】离心式分油机中，油水之间的界面是通过比重环来实现的。A
19. Which of the following is not true about the gravity disc?
A. The location of the interface can be changed by exchanging the diameter of the gravity disc.
B. A larger diameter of gravity can cause the interface far away from bowl center.
C. The diameter of the gravity should not break the water seal.
D. In practice, the use of monograms is the best operation.
【解析】实际上，使用有图案刻纹的比重环是最恰当的是错误的。D
20.High speed rotation in a centrifugal purifier can produce a force ______ the force of gravity.
A. many thousand times larger than
B. many thousand times smaller
C. the same as
D. none of the other alternatives
【解析】离心式分油机高速旋转时产生的离心力比重力大几千倍。 A
21.Oil separation is speeded up by the use of _______.
A. oily water separator
B. strainer and fine filter
C. drain cock
D. centrifuge
【解析】分油可以通过离心分离来加速。D
22.The setting or positioning of the interface between oil and water is achieved by the use of ______ at the outlet of the centrifuge.
A. dam ring
B. flushing water
C. operating water
D. neck ring
【解析】油水分界面的设置以及定位是通过比重环的使用来实现的。 A
23.Both fuel oils and lubricating oils require _____ before passing to the engine.
A. treatment
B. heating
C. cooling
D. boiling
【解析】燃油和滑油进入发动机前都需要进行处理。A
24.The treatment of the fuel oils involves storage, heating, filtering and ______.
A. centrifuging
B. pressurizing
C. atomization
D. igniting
燃油处理包括储存、加热、过滤和离心分离。A
25. Why is it necessary to remove impurities from fuel oil and lube oil before being used?
A. To ensure good combustion
B. To reduce wear
C. To reduce corrosion
D. Any one of the other alternatives
【解析】对于燃油和滑油在使用之前移除杂质是必要的，因为可以确保完全燃烧，减少磨损和腐蚀。 D
26.Which method of removing impurities is the most widely used?
A. Coarse filtering
B. Fine filtering
C. Centrifuging
D. None of the other alternatives
【解析】最广泛使用移除杂质的方法是离心分离。C
27.How does the gravity disc affect the location of the interface?
A. Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery.
B. Changing to a gravity disc with smaller hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl periphery.
C. Changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the bowl center.
D. None of the other alternatives.
【解析】比重环换成大直径，将会使分界面向分离筒周围移动。A
28.What are the factors influencing the interface position?
A. Oil viscosity and density
B. Throughput and back pressure
C. Gravity disc
D. Any one of the other alternatives
【解析】影响油水分界面的位置有油粘度及密度，流量背压以及比重环直径大小等因素。D
29.Which one is right about the interface position?
A. The interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery when the throughput is low.
B. The interface will be located closer to the bowl periphery when the back pressure is low
C. The feed rate will have an effect on the interface.
D. None of the other alternatives.
【解析】供给的流速对分界面有一定的影响。 C
30.Factor influencing the position of the interface between the liquid seal and the oil in a purifier is ________.
A. throughput
B. back pressure
C. gravity disc
D. any one of the other alternatives
【解析】影响油水分界面的位置有流量，背压以及比重环直径大小等因素。 D
31.Which of the following substances is satisfactorily removed from the fuel by a centrifugal oil purifier?
A. Impurities
B. Lube oil
C. Gasoline
D. Diesel fuel
杂质可以通过离心分离机被满意地从燃油中移除。 A
32.When centrifuging heavy fuel oil , (an) important factor(s) to consider is the _______.
I. flow rate ; II. viscosity of the fuel oil
A. I only
B. II only
C. both I and II
D. neither I or II
【解析】当离心分离重质燃油时，应考虑油的流量和黏度等因素。 C
考点3：出水口跑油
①油温过高，导致水封水蒸发，水封被破坏；水温过低，首先油的粘度高了不易分离，也可能导致水封水结冰，水封破坏。
对应习题2.5.1【6,8,11,12，23，24，31
1.If diesel fuel was discharging from the waste outlet of a disk type centrifugal purifier operating as a separator you should _______.
A. re-prime the purifier
B. remove the discharge ring
C. slow the purifier to its proper speed
D. put in an additional discharge ring
【解析】如果出水口跑油，可以【重新建立水封】。A
2.If the bowl of a disk type centrifugal purifier when operated as a separator is not primed , the ______.
A. oil has a tendency to emulsify in the bowl
B. purifier will act as a clarifier at the discharge ring
C. oil will be lost through the water discharge ports
出水口跑油原因 比重环选取内径过大 水封未建立 油温过高、过低① 脏污 高置水箱缺水 流速太高，冲破水封 分油量太大，分界面外移
D. oil solids will be deposited only at the intermediate top disk
【解析】如果分油机的分离筒没有灌注，【出水口跑油】。 C
3.A poorly cleaned lube oil purifier bowl may result in _______.
A. insufficient oil supply to the gravity tank
B. improper separation
C. excessive lube oil consumption
D. excessive water discharge rate
【解析】滑油分油机的分离筒清洁不良会导致【分离不当】。 B
4.When used as a separator , a centrifugal purifier may lose its seal and cause ______.
A. water to contaminate the lube oil
B. the purifier pump to lose suction
C. water to flow from the oil discharge
D. oil to flow from the water discharge 【解析】密封破坏，可能会导致【出水口跑油】。 D
5.If the temperature decreases, what will happen with the interface in the bowl of an oil separator?
A. Decrease of capacity
B. It will have no effect on the interface
C. Broken water seal, oil outside the top disc
D. Interface moves towards center
【解析】如果温度下降，【液封打破，出水口跑油】 C
6.What will happen with the interface in the bowl, if the flow is too high?
A. Broken water seal
B. The separation of the oil is good
C. The separation of the oil is bad
D. It will have no effect on the interface
【解析】如果流量太高，【液封将会被打破】。 A
7. The diameter of the _______ is too big . It causes oil to flow through the water outlet.
A. vertical shaft
B. bowl
C. gravity disc
D. oil outlet pipe
【解析】【比重环】的直径太大，导致出水口跑油。 C
考点4.排渣口跑油
考点5.其他故障
①剧烈振动（vibration）应当停机其原因基本都是安装问题或分离同外围杂质太多，导致重力分布不均
②
对应习题：2.5.1【7，25，35
1.A centrifugal fuel oil purifier should be shut down if ______.
A. more sealing water is needed
B. the cover clamp needs tightening
C. the purifier has a bad vibration when started
D. water is discharged from the overflow line
【解析】如果分油机【启动时震动剧烈】，应该被停车。 C
2. What will you do if the purifier starts to vibrate ,or has heavy vibrations?
A. Check the vibration alarm
B. Try to increase the flow
C. Try to decrease the flow
D. Stop the purifier immediately. Check the bowl for heavy side, deposits, bearing, housing, and the spindle for damage.
【解析】如果振动太大，【立即停止分油机，检查分离筒是否有杂质或沉淀】。D
3.Frequently check the water seal for leakage. If any, it should be ______.
A. cancelled
B. calculated
C. evaporated
D. eliminated
【解析】对水封要定期检查防止泄漏，如果有，应该立即【消除】故障。D
考点6：排渣操作
①先停油
进置换水排渣密封操作进水封水进油对应习题：2.5.1【29，47，48，56，60，
1.To start the ejection process the oil feed to the centrifuge is first shut off and the oil remaining in the bowl removed by admitting _______.
A. flashing water
B. flushing water
C. operating oil
D. sealing water
【翻译】为了开始排渣，首先应切断向分油机供油，残留在分离简内的油通过注入冲洗水去除。B
2. A centrifuge, of which the bowl is arranged as the upper and lower separate parts, discharges the sludge ______.
A. by opening the separator manually
B. by separating the lower part from the upper part automatically
C. by separating the upper part from the lower part automatically
D. continuously
【解析】当分离筒的上、下部分分离时，这样的分油机将自动将上、下部分分离来排放油渣。B
3. Before the sludge in a purifier is ejected, the _______.
A. oil feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting flushing water
B. flushing water feeding is stopped and replaced by admitting oil
C. feeding of dirty oil and flushing water is stopped
D. feeding of dirty oil and flushing water is admitted
【解析】在分水机排渣前，进油口关闭，取而代之以引入水来冲洗油渣。 A 4.Why can the modern centrifuge continuously operate over a considerable period of time?
A. Because the ejection process can be controlled
B. Because there is “operation” in the bowl
C. Because the process of discharging the sludge is timed
D. None of the other alternatives
【解析】现代的离心分离机长时间运行时因为排渣过程可以被定时。C
5. For many years marine centrifuges were designed for ______ operation that is the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowl. The machine was stopped when the accumulated solids began to impair its performance.
A. purifying
B. batch
C. long period
D. temporary
【解析】多年以来，离心式分油机被设计成分批运行。意即，分油机运行一段时间，固体杂质积聚在分离筒内，当分油机停止运行时，才开始排渣。 B
考点7：日常维护管理
①如果分水机和分杂机串联工作，那么先分水，后分杂
对应习题：2.5.1【26，
1. It is very important to follow a maintenance schedule for purifiers, why?
A. To prevent serious damages on main components
B. The only maintenance necessary is cleaning of the bowl
C. Not important at all
D. To improve the purifier’s efficiency
【解析】对于分油机的保养要遵循保养计划，是为了【提高分油机的效率】。D 2.For a purifier and clarifier system, should the oil be passed first through the purifier?
A. Yes
B. No
C. It makes no difference
D. It depends on oil viscosity
【解析】对于分水分杂系统，油应该首先通入到分水机。 A
轮机英语词汇 1、pump 泵 ①Supply pump供给泵②transfer pump 输送泵 ③circulating pump 循环泵④bilge pump 舱底水泵 ⑤ballast pump 压载水泵 1、tank ①drain tank 泄放柜②service tank 日用柜 ③settling tank沉淀柜④storage tank 储存柜 ⑤circulating tank 循环柜⑥used oil tank 废油柜 ⑦buffer tank 缓冲柜⑧overflow tank 溢流柜 ⑨Collecting tank 收集柜⑩expansion water tank 膨胀水箱 2、water ①sea water (S.W.) 海水②fresh water (F.W.)淡水 ③operating water 工作水④sanitary water 卫生水 ⑤washing water冲洗水⑥refilling water 再注水 ⑦feed water给水⑧condensate water 冷凝水 ⑨bilge water 舱底水⑩sewage污水 2、oil ①fuel oil (F.O.) 燃油②lubricating oil (L.O.) 滑油 ③engine oil 机油④cylinder oil 气缸油 ⑤diesel oil (D.O.) 柴油⑥turbine oil 透平油 ⑦cool oil 冷却油⑧seal oil 密封油 3、temperature (temp) 温度 4、flow 流量 5、pressure（press）压力 6、power 功率 10、level 液位 11、vibration 振动 12、normal/abnormal 正常/异常 13、main/auxiliary (aux.) 主要/辅助的 14、inlet/exhaust 进气/排气 15、fire alarm 火警 16、fail/failure 故障 17、overload 过载 18、no-voltage 失电 19、leak/leakage 泄漏 20、wrong-way 错向 21、insulation(insul) 绝缘 22、oil mist 油雾 23、viscosity 粘度 24、density 浓度 25、salinity 盐度 26、oil content 油含量
47期轮机英语考试题目 一单项选择题 A1.The___ engine is used for alternators and some times for main propulsion provide a propeller of between 90 to 120 rpm. A.four-stroke B.two-stroke. C.slow speed D.reversible B2.The abbreviation”MIP”stands for____, A.middle indicating pressure B.mean indicated pressure C.mean pitch D.middle indicated power D3.The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its____. A.viscosity B.acid content C.heating value D.ignition quality C4.In a two-stroke engine the camshaft rotates at___the enging rotational speed. A.half B.twice C.the same speed as D.four times D5.A diesel enging is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ____. A.cross-head B.cylinder C.connecting rod D.spark plug C6.It is easier to replace a dry cylinder liner than a wet one because____. A.of the thin wall thickedss B.honing makes it easier to maintain the desired oil film C.water seals are not required D.it fits more loosely due to a decrease in heat transfer through the composite wall D7.A main bearing consists of two shells which are secured by means of studs and____. A.tie rods B.though bolts C.lead wires D.bearing caps C8.However fast or slow the combustion rate,it is still a____between carbon,hydrogen,sulph and oxygen that releases heat. A.physical deformation B.state exchange C.chemical reaction D.coalescence A9.During the fuel injection period,fuel pressure must exceed cylinder gas pressure to____. A.ensure penetration and distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber B.ensure the needle valves is flushed clean duringeach injection C.prevent combustion gas blowback into the open needle valve Dprevent reflected pressure waves when the neddle valve close. B10.In a diesel engine lube oil system ,which of the following parts should be lubricated first? A.Camshaft bearings B.Main bearings C.Piston crowns D.Cylinder walls B11.In a diesel engine closed freshwater cooling system,the amount of coolant flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled by the _____, A.suction pressure regulator B.thermostatic bypass valve C.sea water temperature D.water level in the expansion tank
中华人民共和国海事局 2009年第5期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第48期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：803 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶大管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至82题，每题1分，第83题至94题，每题1.5分。 一、单项选择题： 1. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is . A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm B. they are connected to the propeller by gearing C. their smaller size and weight D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing 2. The closing of the exhaust valves used on a modern, large, low-speed, main propulsion diesel engine may be directly provided by . A. large conical springs B. compressed air pressure C. hydraulic pressure D. exhaust gas pressure 3. One of the factors limiting the amount of toad which can be put on a modem marine diesel engine is the . A. governor sensitivity B. exhaust temperature C. fuel injection pressure D. speed of the cam shaft 4. The desirable properties or a marine fuel oil should inc lude . A. high flash point and high viscosity B. low flash point and high viscosity C. low heating value and high sulphur content D. high heating value and low sulphur content 5. As the plunger moves upwards in the barrel, injection will commence once the plunger bas the spill ports and the pressure builds up. A. opened up B. closed off C. lined up D. taken off 6. In an auxiliary diesel engine bypass type lubricating oil system, the main lube oil pump forces . A. all of the oil used by the engine through a filter B. some of the oil used by the engine through a filter C. some of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge D. all of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge 7. Because the circulating water is in a closed loop, is installed to cater for expansion and contraction of the water at different conditions of operation. A. an expansion joint B. a drain tank C. a head tank D. a contraction tank 8. The high air velocity leaving the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is converted to pressure in the . A. inlet nozzle ring B. turbine wheel blade C. diffuser passages D. inlet volute 9. is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve. A. An air receiver B. An operating valve C. An automatic valve D. An air distributor 10. Diesel engines driving alternators operating in parallel must maintain a set frequency regardless of load changes. The governor characteristic used to accomplish this is known as . A. actuation B. sensitivity C. compensation D. promptness 11. By comparing the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder, the operator can determine if the load is balanced throughout the engine. The device most commonly used is a . A. tachometer B. pyrometer C. dynamometer D. calorimeter 12. When the ship is going to enter into the harbor, ____. A. change from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil for main engine B. pumping out bilge water C. change sea chest from high level one to lower level one D. test emergency generator 13. If the jacket water temperature rises rapidly above normal in a diesel engine, you should first . A. place standby cooler in operation B. reduce engine toad C. check thermostatic valve D. clean sea water strainer 14. Air cocks, usually positioned at the in a circulating system, is used to get rid of the air in the system. A. bending joint B. expansion tank C. weld D. the highest point 15. Which of the following conditions could contribute to the cracking of a diesel engine cylinder head? A. Leaking seal ring B. Insufficient heat transfer from the exhaust valves C. Blocked cooling water passages to the head D. Excessive scavenging air provided to the engine 16. of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of' crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 17. can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles. A. Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling B. Sediment in the fuel supply C. Distortion of the fuel spray pattern D. Improper atomization of the fuel 18. When fuel is injected late into a diesel engine cylinder . A. the exhaust will be clear B. fuel consumption will be low C. all the fuel will be burned at top dead center D. fuel consumption will be high 19. A large change in ambient temperature, or using an oil of a viscosity different than the one recommended by the manufacturer in a mechanical hydraulic governor, will result m the need to adjust the . A. pilot valve opening B. compensating needle valve C. compensating spring tension D. accumulator spring tension 20. Which of the following factors tends to increase scale formation on the saltwater side of a heat exchanger used in a diesel engine cooling water system? A. Baffle plates that have been bent during prior removal. B. Leaks m the cooler tube nest. C. Operating the engine while maintaining a high sea water outlet temperature. D. A punctured sea water strainer supplying cooling water to the heat exchanger. 21. If the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fire extending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of a hot spot developing it sometimes becomes necessary to the engine. A. stop B. start C. speed up D. slow down 22. In an operating diesel engine, which of the following conditions is an indication of a leaking air starting valve?
船舶英语 目录 一.职位及工种 (Titles and type of work) (1) 二、柴油机类 (Words about diesel engine) (3) 三、船舶机械类 (Words about marine machinery) ·· 11 四、阀门(Words about valve) (14) 五、泵类(Words about pump) (16) 六、甲板机械类（Deck machinery） (18) 七、工具类(Word about tools) (20) 八、常用物料(Material in common use) 26 九、常用紧固件 (Part of fixation in common use) (28) 十、常用油类(Oil in common use) (28) 十一、常用量词 (Quantifier in common use) (29) 十二、国家名称(Name of country) 。 30 十三、常用缩语 (abbreviation in common use) (31) 十四、船用动态常用单词(marine tends word) 32 十五、船舶机电设备操作词汇 (manipulate of marine equipment) ·33 十六、故障常用单词 (words about malfunction) (35) 十七、保养检修常用词汇 (Words about maintain and examination) 38 十八、常用数字(Numeral in common use) 40 十九、时间、季节与方向 (Time、Season and Direction) (42) 二十常用词组（Phrases in common use）·45 二十一、常用动词和例句 (Verb in common use and example) (48) 二十二、问候和常用表达语 (Greeting and common expression) (67) 二十三、主机提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for main engine) 68 二十四、空压机和空气系统用语 (Air compressor and Air system) (75) 二十五、锅炉提交用语 (Delivery expressions for boiler) (77) 二十六、锚绞车提交过程用语(Delivery expressions for anchor windlass) 79 二十七、舵机提交过程用语 (Steering gear delivering) (87) 二十八、付机提交过程用语 （Delivery expression for A/E） (91) 二十九、救生艇提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for lifeboat) ··92 三十、其他提交项目 (Delivery expressions for other items) (95) 三十一、甲板机械系泊试验 (Mooring test for deck machinery) (96) 三十二、机舱设备系泊试验 (Mooring test for the equipment in E/R) (98) 三十三、谈论故障常用语 （Expressions for trouble） (100) 三十四、谈论检修常用语 (Expressions for overhaul) (101) 三十五、谈论试验和检验 (Talking about test & check) (103) 三十六、谈论技术要求 (Talking about technology required) (105) 一．职位及工种(Titles and type of work) 1．船长 Captain 2．大副 Chief officer 3．二副 Second officer 4．三副 Third officer 5．四副 Fourth officer 6．水手长 Boatswain 7．水手 Sailor & Seaman 8．木匠 Carpenter 9．轮机长 Chief engineer 10．大管轮 Second engineer 11．二管轮 Third engineer 12．三管轮 Fourth engineer 13．机匠长 Chief motorman 15．机匠 Fitter 16．加油工 Oil man 17．大电 Chief electrician 18．电工 Electrician 19．车间主任 Workshop director 20．工长 Section chief 21．班长 Fore man 22．钳工 Fitter 23．主管工程师 Engineer in charge 24．机务&船东 Superintendent &Super &Owner 25．助理工程师 Assistant engineer 26．验船师（机）Register 27．验船师（船）Surveyor 28．油漆工 Painter 29．焊工 Welder 30．大橱 Chief cook 31．物料员 Store keeper 32．加油工 Oiler 33．机工 Mechanic 34．甲板员 Deck man 35．电线工 Wireman 36．外包工 Laborer 37．铸工 Molder 38．管子工 Pipe fitter 39．起重工 Crane operator 二、柴油机类(Words about diesel engine) 1．主机 Main engine 2．二冲程柴油机 Two-stroke diesel engine 3．四冲程柴油机 Fore-stroke diesel engine 4．高速柴油机 High speed diesel engine 5．中速柴油机 Middle speed diesel engine 6．低速柴油机 Low speed diesel engine 7．气缸盖(缸头) Cylinder head 8．安全阀 Safety valve 9．释放阀 Relief valve 10．示功阀 Indicator valve 11．示功考克 Indicator cock 12．空气起动阀 Air starting valve 13．起动空气分配器 Air starting distributor 14．油头(燃油喷射器) Fuel injector 15．排气阀 Exhaust valve 16．气缸套 Cylinder liner 17．冷却水套 Cooling water jacket 18．气缸注油器 Cylinder lubricator 19．活塞 Piston 20．活塞头 Piston crown 21．活塞裙 Piston skirt 22．活塞销 Piston gudgeon pin 24．活塞杆 Piston rod 25．活塞环 Piston ring 26．活塞环槽 Piston ring groove 27．压缩环 (气环) Compression ring 28．刮油环 (油环) Oil scraper ring 29．减磨令 Wear ring (copper ring) 30．伸缩管(水拉管) Telescopic pipe 31．活塞冷却空间 Piston cooling space 32．填料箱(函) Stuffing box 33．填料箱密封环Sealing ring for Stuffing box 34．填料箱压缩环 Pressure ring for Stuffing box 35．填料箱刮油环Scraper ring for Stuffing box 36．扫气箱 Scavenging receiver 37．扫气口 Scavenging port 38．排气口 Exhaust port 39．十字头 Cross head 40．十字头销 Crosshead pin 41．十字头轴承 Crosshead bearing 42．十字头滑块 Crosshead slipper 43．滑块 Guide shoe 44．十字头导板 Crosshead guide plate 45．连杆 Connecting rod 46．连杆大端轴承 Bid end bearing 47．连杆小端轴承 Small end bearing 48．曲柄轴承 Crank bearing 49．曲柄销 Crank pin 50．曲轴 Crank shaft 51．曲轴颈 Crank journal 52．曲柄臂 Crank web 53．拐档差 Crank deflection 54．主轴承 Main bearing 55．主轴颈 Main journal 56．轴承瓦 Bearing bush 57．上轴瓦 Upper bearing bush 58．上轴瓦 Upper half 59．下轴瓦 Lower bearing bush 60．下轴瓦 Lower half 61．推力轴承 Thrust bearing 62．推力块 Thrust pad 63．推力盘 Thrust disc 64．推力轴 Thrust shaft 65．底座 Bed plate 66．机架 Frame 67．曲柄箱 Crank case 68．曲柄箱导门 Crank case door 69．曲柄箱防爆门 Explosion-proof Crank case. 70．定时齿轮 Timing gear 71．飞轮 Flying wheel 72．凸轮 Cam 73．凸轮轴 Cam shaft 74．喷油凸轮 Fuel injection cam 75．链条 Chain 76．链条轮 Chain wheel 77．链条箱 Chain box 78．推杆 Push rod 79．摇臂 Rocker arm 80．排气阀 Exhaust valve 81．吸气阀 Suction valve 82．排气总管 Exhaust manifold 83．进气总管 Air inlet manifold 84．高压燃油管 High pressure fuel pipe 85．活塞冷却水管 Piston cooling water pipe 86．法兰 Flange 87．贯穿螺栓 Tie bolt (tie rod) 89．滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump 90．燃油泵 Fuel oil pump 91．滑油泵齿轮 Gear for lubricating oil pump 92．燃油泵齿轮 Gear for fuel oil pump 93．叶轮 Impeller 94．柱塞 Plunger 95．导杆 Guide rod 96．导套 Sleeve 97．滚动轴承 Ball bearing 98．滑动轴承 Sliding bearing 99．推力滚动轴承Thrust ball bearing 100．推力面 Thrust surface (thrust side) 101．盘车机 Turning gear 102．增压器 Turbocharger 103．涡轮机(透平) Turbine 104．涡轮 Turbine wheel 105．涡轮叶片 Turbine blade 106．喷嘴 Nozzle 107．废气叶轮 Exhaust impeller 108．废气叶轮片 Exhaust blade 109．废气端 Exhaust side 110．透平端 Turbine side 111．转子轴 Rotor shaft 112．油泵 L.O.pump 113．换向装置 Reversing device 114．换向伺服期 Reversing servomotor 115．压气机(鼓风机) Blower 116．膨胀接 Expansion joint 117．调速器 governor 118．飞重 Flying weight 119．补偿阀 Compensate valve 120．针阀 Needle valve 121．开口销 Cotter pin 122．轴封 Shaft seal 123．机械密封 Machinery seal 4
中华人民共和国海事局 2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. cross-head B. spark plug C. connecting rod D. cylinder 2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, is commonly classed as a ______. A. slow-speed diesel B. medium-speed diesel C. high-speed diesel D. constant-speed diesel 3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engine operating efficiency? A. Impeller B. Compressor C. After-cooler D. Exhaust diffuser 4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four- stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______. A. it has a longer power stroke B. more air gets into the cylinder each stroke C. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speed D. higher combustion pressure is developed 5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______. A. cam followers B. push rods C. combustion gases D. valve springs 6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be divided into two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______. A. the pulse-phase system B. the pulse Doppler system C. the pulse system D. the pulse interval system 7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event of over- speed. A. cutting power off the engine B. increasing the fuel pump setting C. braking the crankshaft D. stabilizing the ship speed 8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers? A. Drain the accumulated moisture. B. Test the relief valves. C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure. D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter. 9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______. A. crankcase pressure B. lube oil pressure C. seawater pressure D. exhaust temperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______. A. friction clutches B. disconnect clutches C. reversing gears D. reduction gears 11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases from the main engine. A. an diesel oil heater B. a waste heat boiler C. a fresh water generator D. a donkey boiler 12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______. A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressure B. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiency C. recycle exhaust gas to the turbocharger D. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads 13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______. A. check and regulate the water level B. close the air cock once fires are lit C. blow down the gage glass D. assure protective steam flow 14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______. A. incorrect electrode setting B. incorrect nozzle position C. clogged fuel nozzle D. broken high tension lead 15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______. A. increased heat transfer B. fireside erosion C. high steam demand D. overheated tubes 16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with a reciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Upon accidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build up A. I, II B. II, III C. I, II, III D. II only 17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts? A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing. B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out. C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump. D. They increase the strength of the shaft. 18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______. A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completely emptied B. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped out C. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wells D. discharge pressure will be too high. 19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps? A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed. B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened. C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction. D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed. 20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to ______. A. closely observe the pump discharge temperature B. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressure C. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressure D. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records