阅读理解：词义猜测题专练
---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写
?根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。
1. Plankton means a mass of tiny animals and plants that live in the surface layer of the sea.
? The word “plankton” means____________.
A. 海草
B. 浮游生物
C. 贝类
D. 海水鱼
2. A starfish is known as a flat, star-shaped creature, usually with five arms, that lives in the sea.
? The word “starfish” means____________.
A. 海星
B. 海参
C. 珊瑚
D. 水母
3. Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.
? What does the underlined word “anthropology” mean in Chinese? /??nθr??p?l?d?i/
A. 易经
B. 人类学
C. 哲学
D. 社会学
4. Will online education supersede, or replace, traditional education?
? What does the underlined word “supersede” mean in Chinese?
A. 超越
B. 取代
C. 不及
D. 追赶
5. An e-pal is someone you write e-mails to.
? What does the underlined word “e-pal” mean in Chinese?
A. 电子邮件
B. 电子宠物狗
C. 网瘾少年
D. 电子朋友；网友
6. In stories and legends, a unicorn is an imaginary animal that looks like a white horse with a long straight horn on its forehead.
?What does the underlined word “unicorn” mean in Chinese?
A. 龙
B. 九尾狐
C. 独角兽
D. 仙鹤
7. You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow.
? What does the underlined word “retire” mean in Chinese?
A. 睡觉
B. 警惕
C. 想起
D. 观察
8. He was hurt in a hit-and-run accident —the guilty driver got away without stopping to help.
? The compound word “hit-and-run”means____________.
A. 醉驾
B. 车超重
C. 失控
D. 肇事逃逸的
9. There was a terrible heavy snow last night. In the early morning, snow and ice made the road impassable.
? The word “impassable” means____________.
A. 可通行的
B. 不能通行的
C. 不可能的
D. 不平衡的
10. Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
? What does the underlined phrase “stand out” mean in Chinese?
A. 站出来
B. 飞
C. 显眼
D. 跳跃
11. Net-addicted children showed apathy—a lack of interest ━toward learning.
?The underlined word “apathy” probably means ____________ in this sentence.
A. 着迷
B. 极感兴趣
C. 缺乏兴趣
D. 兴奋
12. At last, on the Friday morning, I was turned out, that is to say, I was driven away.
? The phrase “turn out” means____________ in this sentence.
A. 驱逐
B. 制裁
C. 出卖
D. 关掉
13. High-tech has grown fast during the past decade, or ten years.
?The underlined word “decade” means ____________ in Chinese.
A. 岁月
B. 时代
C. 阶段
D. 十年
14. These peaches are inferior to those I bought last week. In other words, the peaches which I bought last week
were much better.
?The underlined word “inferior to” in the sentence means _____________.
A. 超棒
B. 不及
C. 更贵
D. 更便宜
15. A pseudonym is a name that someone, usually a writer, uses instead of his or her real name.
? The underlined word “pseudonym” refers to ____________.
A. nickname
B. real name
C. given name
D. pen name
16. Reading enriches the mind.
? The word “enriches” means____________.
A. 扩大
B. 装满
C. 充实
D. 损坏
17. Footman means a male servant in a house in the past, who opened the front door for visitors, served food
at table, etc.
? What does the underlined word “Footman” mean in Chinese?
A. 男仆
B. 实习生
C. 手艺人
D. 管家婆
18. Over-the-counter medicine refers to a drug that is sold without a prescription (处方).
? The phrase “Over-the-counter medicine” means____________.
A. 中药
B. 非处方药
C. 特殊药物
D. 处方药
19. Oceanography refers to the scientific study of sea currents (海流), the ocean floor, and the fish and animals that live in the sea.
? The word“oceanography”means____________.
A. 热带洋流
B. 海洋学
C. 海洋气候学
D. 浮游生物
20. On the subject of pollution, it’s a global issue. That is to say, about pollution, it’s a world-wide problem.
? “On the subject of” means____________ in the sentence.
A. since
B. over
C. although
D. about
? What does the underlined noun phrase “global issue” mean in Chinese?
A. 温室效应
B. 自然灾难
C. 全球性问题
D. 污染程度
阅读理解：词义猜测题专练(答案+解析)
---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写?根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。
1. Plankton means a mass of tiny animals and plants that live in the surface layer of the sea.
? The word “plankton” means____________.
A. 海草
B. 浮游生物
C. 贝类
D. 海水鱼
【句意】浮游生物是生活在海洋表层的一群微小的动物和植物。
【解析】本题可运用解释作为上下文提示推测出词义。a mass of: 大量的; tiny: 微小的; 极小的
A. 海草: seagrass; C. 贝类: shellfish; D. 海水鱼: saltwater fish; sea fish
2. A starfish is known as a flat, star-shaped creature, usually with five arms, that lives in the sea.
? The word “starfish” means____________.
A. 海星
B. 海参
C. 珊瑚
D. 水母
【句意】海星是一种扁平的星形生物，通常有五只手臂，生活在海里。
【解析】B. 海参: sea cucumber C. 珊瑚: coral D. 水母: jellyfish
3. Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.
? What does the underlined word “anthropology” mean in Chinese? /??nθr??p?l?d?i/
A. 易经
B. 人类学
C. 哲学
D. 社会学
【句意】人类学是研究人、社会和文化的科学。
【解析】A. 易经: the Book of Changes。C. 哲学：philosophy。 D. 社会学：sociology /?s??si??l?d?i/ 。
4. Will online education supersede, or replace, traditional education?
? What does the underlined word “supersede” mean in Chinese?
A. 超越
B. 取代
C. 不及
D. 追赶
【句意】网络教育会取代传统教育吗?
【解析】本题可运用重述线索“or replace”猜出划线单词“supersede”的词义。A. 超越: surpass;
C. 不及: be not as good as;
D. 追赶: pursue
5. An e-pal is someone you write e-mails to.
? What does the underlined word “e-pal” mean in Chinese?
A. 电子邮件
B. 电子宠物狗
C. 网瘾少年
D. 电子朋友；网友
【句意】网友就是你给他写电子邮件的人。/ 电子朋友就是你通过电子邮件交流的人。
【解析】A. 电子邮件：e-mail(s)； B. 电子宠物狗: e-dog ;
C. 网瘾少年：net-addicted juvenile /teens/children
6. In stories and legends, a unicorn is an imaginary animal that looks like a white horse with a long straight horn on its forehead.
?What does the underlined word “unicorn” mean in Chinese?
A. 龙
B. 九尾狐
C. 独角兽
D. 仙鹤
【句意】在故事和传说中，独角兽是一种想象中的动物，它看起来像一匹白马，额头上有一个又长又直的角。【解析】unicorn: 独角兽, 是指神话中似马前额有直角的动物。A. 龙: dragon; B. 九尾狐: nine-tailed fox;
D. 仙鹤: red-crowned crane。
7. You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow.
? What does the underlined word “retire” mean in Chinese?
A. 睡觉
B. 警惕
C. 想起
D. 观察
【句意】你必须早睡，因为你明天还得赶早班火车。
【解析】retire :常用词义是“退休”，但是在正式用语中它还有“to go to bed (睡觉；就寝)”之意。本题可运用生活经验推测词意。故答案选A。B. 警惕: are alert; C. 想起: think of; D. 观察: observe
8. He was hurt in a hit-and-run accident —the guilty driver got away without stopping to help.
? The compound word “hit-and-run”means____________.
A. 醉驾
B. 车超重
C. 失控
D. 肇事逃逸的
【句意】他在一起肇事逃逸的车祸中受伤了，那个肇事司机没有停下来帮忙就跑了。
【解析】作者有时会通过使用标点符号，如括号、冒号、破折号和逗号等等为线索对生词进行解释。所以本题我们可以通过破折号后面的句意解释“那个犯了罪的司机没有停下来帮忙就跑了”可猜出答案是D。
A. 醉驾：drunk driving；
B. 车超重: overweight vehicles;
C. 失控: out of control
9. There was a terrible heavy snow last night. In the early morning, snow and ice made the road impassable.
? The word “impassable” means____________.
A. 可通行的
B. 不能通行的
C. 不可能的
D. 不平衡的
【句意】昨晚下了一场可怕的大雪。清晨，冰雪使道路无法通行。
【解析】impassable：im- + pass + -able 词根是pass; 前缀im- 为否定前缀，意为“不，非”；后缀-able 为“可能的”。所以利用构词法可推测出该词的词意为“不能通行的; 不能通过的”。
10. Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.
? What does the underlined phrase “stand out” mean in Chinese?
A. 站出来
B. 飞
C. 显眼
D. 跳跃
【句意】红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳夺目。
【解析】此题借助生活经验可轻易猜出答案为C。A. 站出来: step forward; stand out; B.飞: fly ;
D. 跳跃: jump, leap
11. Net-addicted children showed apathy—a lack of interest ━toward learning.
?The underlined word “apathy” probably means ____________ in this sentence.
A. 着迷
B. 极感兴趣
C. 缺乏兴趣
D. 兴奋
【句意】上网成瘾的儿童表现出冷漠——对学习缺乏兴趣。
【解析】apathy: 冷漠；淡漠; 漠不关心; 无兴趣。A. 着迷：fascinated; B. 极感兴趣: be very interested in
D. 兴奋: excited
12. At last, on the Friday morning, I was turned out, that is to say, I was driven away.
? The phrase “turn out” means____________ in this sentence.
A. 驱逐
B. 制裁
C. 出卖
D. 关掉
【句意】最后，星期五早晨，我遭到他们的驱逐，也就是说，他们竟把我赶了出来。
【解析】本题可运用重述线索猜出答案为A。 B. 制裁: sanction; C. 出卖: betray;
D. 关掉: switch off / turn out / turn off
13. High-tech has grown fast during the past decade, or ten years.
?The underlined word “decade” means ____________ in Chinese.
A. 岁月
B. 时代
C. 阶段
D. 十年
【句意】高科技在过去十年中发展迅速。
【解析】本题可运用重述线索“or ten years”猜出划线单词“decade”的词义。A. 岁月: years;
B. 时代: era;
C. 阶段: stage, phase
14. These peaches are inferior to those I bought last week. In other words, the peaches which I bought last week
were much better.
?The underlined word “inferior to” in the sentence means _____________.
A. 超棒
B. 不及
C. 更贵
D. 更便宜
【句意】这些桃子不如我上星期买的那些。换句话说，我上周买的桃子好多了。
【解析】本题可运用重述线索猜出答案。A. 超棒: excellent; C. 更贵: more expensive;
D. 更便宜: cheaper; much less expensive
15. A pseudonym is a name that someone, usually a writer, uses instead of his or her real name.
? The underlined word “pseudonym” refers to ____________.
A. nickname
B. real name
C. given name
D. pen name
【句意】笔名是某人(通常是作家)用的代替真名的名字。
【解析】本题可运用释义线索猜测词义。pseudonym: 假名; 笔名/?su?d?nim; ?sju?d?nim/。
A. nickname (昵称, 绰号);
B. real name (真名);
C. given name (教名);
D. pen name (笔名)
16. Reading enriches the mind.
? The word “enriches” means____________.
A. 扩大
B. 装满
C. 充实
D. 损坏
【句意】读书可以充实头脑。
【解析】利用构词法可推测出“enrich”的词义为: “充实; 丰富”。 A. 扩大:enlarge; B. 装满: fill up;
D. 损坏: damage
17. Footman means a male servant in a house in the past, who opened the front door for visitors, served food
at table, etc.
? What does the underlined word “Footman” mean in Chinese?
A. 男仆
B. 实习生
C. 手艺人
D. 管家婆
【句意】Footman指过去家中为客人开门、上菜等服务的男仆。
【解析】本题可运用解释作为上下文提示推测出词义为: “男仆”。B. 实习生: trainee； C. 手艺人: craftsman；
D. 管家婆：housekeeper
18. Over-the-counter medicine refers to a drug that is sold without a prescription (处方).
? The phrase “Over-the-counter medicine” means____________.
A. 中药
B. 非处方药
C. 特殊药物
D. 处方药
【句意】非处方药物是指没有处方就可以销售的药物。
【解析】本题可运用解释作为上下文提示推测出词义。A. 中药：traditional Chinese medicine；
C. 特殊药物：special drugs;
D. 处方药：prescription medicine
19. Oceanography refers to the scientific study of sea currents (海流), the ocean floor, and the fish and animals that live in the sea.
? The word“oceanography”means____________.
A. 热带洋流
B. 海洋学
C. 海洋气候学
D. 浮游生物
【句意】海洋学指的是对洋流、海底以及生活在海里的鱼类和动物的科学研究。
【解析】A. 热带洋流：tropical ocean currents C. 海洋气候学: marine climatology ;
D. 浮游生物: plankton
20. On the subject of pollution, it’s a global issue. That is to say, about pollution, it’s a world-wide problem.
? “On the subject of” means____________ in the sentence.
A. since
B. over
C. although
D. about
? What does the underlined noun phrase “global issue” mean in Chinese?
A. 温室效应
B. 自然灾难
C. 全球性问题
D. 污染程度
【句意】就污染而言，这是一个全球性的问题。也就是说，关于污染，它是一个世界性的问题。
【解析】本题可运用后句重述作为上下文提示推测出两个短语的词义。A. 温室效应: greenhouse effect;
B. 世界灾难: natural disasters；D. 污染程度：levels of pollution。
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
阅读理解―词义猜测题 Step 1: Warming-up---guess the meanings of the underlined words. 1. The company?s profits are decreasing year by year due to mismanagement. 2. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 4. It will be very hard but also very brittle —that is, it will break easily. Step2: 词义猜测题基本方法：___________; __________ ●构词法 1. Valentine?s Day is a time of happiness for lovers. Boys like to give girls flowers as presents. That day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hands. 2. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 构词法通常考虑_________和_____________ ●语境法常利用以下技巧 利用同义（向）关系：and，also，or（或者）… 3. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ?Which of the following words can replace “detrimental”? ____ A. helpful B. useful C. harmful D. meaningful 4. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. ?What does the underlined phrase “die hard” probably mean? ____
Exercises for guessing the meaning I. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework） No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的） Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. No. 2.（必需品） A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people. No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的） Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1 No.4. （who is ??下定义，木匠） A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . No. 5 （or,同义同位，B） "Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said. “Muzak" now refers to. A. a company B. a kind of music C a song D. an instrument No. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A） Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees. The word " pruning " means A. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain No. 7 （like,举例归纳，C） Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through a pernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself. What does the underlined word pernicious " mean? A. Mental B. Healthy C. Harmful D. Lifelong No. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ） Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed No.9 （but,对比转折B）
高考英语复习：阅读理解词义猜测题 [层级一真题题组] A (2018·北京卷，D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way https://www.doczj.com/doc/e22901237.html,panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people
阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式： 对单词意思的猜测： 1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________ 2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean? 3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________. 对短语意思的猜测 1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________ 2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________ 3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\ 对句子意思的猜测： 1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________ 2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________ 3.what does the underlined sentence mean? 4.By “….”, the author means that _____________. 对代词的意思猜测 What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ? What does the underlined word refer to? 解题技巧： 1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思 2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句 3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。 4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义 答题步骤 1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。 3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。 方法指导： 单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。 1. 根据上下文解释作出判断 根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C） 66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.