专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题)
一、知识链接
英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中
也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读
变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词
词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内
容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有：
1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?
2. The underlined word, means_______.
3. The underlined phrase, means_______.
4. The underlined sentence, means_______.
二、真题演练
（一）典型例题
例1、
T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits.
They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay
too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like
their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.
In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________.
A. tasks
B. messages
C. differences
D. advantages
变式练习
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most
people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little
or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do
and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-
building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of
dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and
killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.
The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means________.
A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness
（二）课堂练习
10: OOPM
Science/Heath
Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is "yes". According to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure, they found that after 6 months those devoted to weight loss-exercise and eating a low-salt, low-fat food---lost about
13 pounds and became fitter. Plus, 35% of them dropped into the "normal" category
(范畴). This week, Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how these people reduce their
blood pressure to a level similar to what's achieved with Hypertension drugs.
In Science/Health, "Johns Hopkins" is________.
A. a famous university
B. a medical center
C. a well-known doctor
D. a drug company
三、方法点拨
1.根据定义猜测词义通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义.
①直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
1)In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds
himself or herself in a difficult situation.
定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be
called, be known as, define, represent等。
②同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引
号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other
words, namely, or rather等副词或短语出现。
2)William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill togethe r.”
The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “______”．
A. simple
B. mixed
C. sad
D. happy
3)Mary felt perturbed, that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sister's action.
4)There are two types of fat, external fat(fat under skin)and internal fat (fat inside the body wall)．
③定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。
5)The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
6)Perhaps the days are gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
What does “the days” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Imaginary life.
B. Simple life in the past.
C. Times of inventions.
D. Time for constant activity.
2.根据逻辑关系猜测词义
①根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的
反义词来猜测其词义。英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast ,on the contrary, on the other hand和while 引导的并列句等。
7)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,
is quite humble and modest.
②根据类比关系猜测词义
表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。
8)Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
③根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系
推知生词词义。
9)Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions
without seeking the opinions of others.
④根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。
10)Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did
not want to jeopardize his future.
3. 根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义
①我们可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的
推测。我们也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，猜测生词的词义。
11)You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
12)Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States,
maintained high moral(道德的) standards throughout her youth. In 1984, at the age
of 23, she married Bill. They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.
The underlined part in the passage most probably means “______”.
A. were lucky in having
B. were asked to adopt
C. regretted having
D. gave birth to
13)The snake slithered through the grass.
14)…But sometimes I just feel loath to talk to these people. Sometimes, I just want to be alone, quietly, without being forced to listen to their gossip or other
useless words.
The underlined word “loath” in this paragraph has the closest meaning to
______.
A. unwilling
B. eager
C. pleased
D. hurt
4.根据构词法来猜测词义
英语单词的构成方法主要有三种，即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根
前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、
词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super(超) inter(在……之间) able(能……的) mini(极少的，微型的)
micro(极微小的) re(再，反复) sub(分支的，底下) co(共同)
post(后) pre(前) trans(超越；转换) wards(向)
some(易于……的) mis(误；恶) un(不；非) in(不；非) im(不；非) dis(不) non (不；非) less(不；无) anti(反；防) sino(中国) scope(景) hood(状态；性质；时期)
proof(防……的；……不能穿透的) ship(身份；资格；权力；性质)
under(在……之下；低于……；不足) ish(如……的；有点儿……的)
15)He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.
16)Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer
and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals
extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life.
The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means ______.
A. save
B. protect
C. lengthen
D. improve
17)Recycling in the home i s very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We a re dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not bring so much material home in the first place.
What doe s the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
D. Having more material than is needed.
四、模拟实战
A
Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they
fly in seem limitless --miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground
controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of
money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on
navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make i t safer for aircraft
to take off, fly any distance, any land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two
problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find
a way of meeting these basic requirements.
The underlined word "collisions" probably means
A. accidents in which two planes hit each other
B. misunderstandings between
pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of
instrument
B
Haikou: A shark was killed after being dragged to shore at Ya-long Berth beach
in Sanya, South China's Hainan Province, on Sunday afternoon.
It was the first time a shark had been caught in the beach area, a popular tourist site in Hainan.
Local fishermen said they caught the 3-meter-long, 1-tonshark by chance when t hey were fishing in sea water 1,000 meters deep near the beach.
Police temporarily (暂时的) protected the shark while oceanographers decided
whether it was a species belonging to State protection.
Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that
it was a whale shark and therefore not under State protection.
The shark was believed to have drifted into the area from the deep sea due to
strong waves caused last week by Typhoon Imbudo. It had no open injuries but experts said they believed it suffered from internal (内部的) bleeding.
Local police officer Fu Chenggeng said beachgoers should not feel threatened by sharks because the fish never attack human beings on their own initiative. Fu said
he had never heard of any shark attacks at the Sanya beach since he first started
work there eight years ago.
However, police said they will improve the security system to safeguard tourists' safety on the beach.
The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________.
A. said
B. believed
C. thought
D. made sure
C
Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the
desert heat. Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the
day, often staying in cool underground burrows. At night they search for food.
Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are
active only for short periods. As their body temperature rises, these reptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weaker,
the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again.
Getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Some
desert animals, like desert birds, manage to find water holes. Other desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that
they eat. Because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny
amount of water.
The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______
A. holes
B. caves
C. rooms
D. openings
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Exercises for guessing the meaning I. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework） No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的） Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. No. 2.（必需品） A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people. No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的） Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1 No.4. （who is ??下定义，木匠） A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . No. 5 （or,同义同位，B） "Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said. “Muzak" now refers to. A. a company B. a kind of music C a song D. an instrument No. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A） Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees. The word " pruning " means A. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain No. 7 （like,举例归纳，C） Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through a pernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself. What does the underlined word pernicious " mean? A. Mental B. Healthy C. Harmful D. Lifelong No. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ） Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed No.9 （but,对比转折B）
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure
阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式： 对单词意思的猜测： 1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________ 2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean? 3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________. 对短语意思的猜测 1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________ 2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________ 3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\ 对句子意思的猜测： 1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________ 2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________ 3.what does the underlined sentence mean? 4.By “….”, the author means that _____________. 对代词的意思猜测 What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ? What does the underlined word refer to? 解题技巧： 1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思 2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句 3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。 4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义 答题步骤 1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。 3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。 方法指导： 单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。 1. 根据上下文解释作出判断 根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C） 66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.