III词义猜测
【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
一．通过定义或解释推测语义
有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。
（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。
（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。
（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的)
2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制）
Exercises:
1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______
2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______
3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______
4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______
5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______
Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）.
61. What is ARICEPT？（C）
A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.
（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D）
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
二．利用例证猜测语义
某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。
eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. ____期刊_______
2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.（几何）
Exercises:
1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons（武器） and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ____投降_______
2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol（酒精）, on the skin. ____杀菌剂_______
3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___装饰物________
Test The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite.
56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _______. （C）
A. cars in the making
B. car rental firms
C. cars for rent
D. car makers 三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义
（1）利用反义关系推测语义
有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有 although, but, however, whereas（反
之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），on the contrary, in contrast（相对）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等。（2）利用同义关系推测语义
通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly 等。
. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism （乐观主义） can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast （相反）, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. ___悲观主义__
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） loquacious. ____多话的，唠叨的
Exercises:
1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck rem ains grubby. ____肮脏的__
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. _____同种的，相似的______
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.静态的，稳定的
4. He replied（答复） quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted（后悔） having made such a hasty decision. ___匆忙的，轻率的_____
5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy（美味），we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. ____生的，未加工的___
Test1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.
（1）The underlined word “agony” in the last par agraph probably means_____ （C）A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness Test 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork（软木塞）in water.
（2）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means______. (C)
A. able to be used
B. able to move from one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surface
D. able to carry anything 四．用语境猜测语义
（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give u p easily. 坚决的，果断的
（2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断。
eg. Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation（加冕典礼） in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped
Zip means A. cinema. B. photography. C. television. D. telephone. (C) Exercises:
1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline.
I was the first to get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.
The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.
(B. 不确定)
A. surprised
B. pleased
C. produced
D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.（C）
A. improved
B. increased
C. produced
D. sold
Test These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Green building means, “reducing the impact of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the . Green building council in Washington, D.C. said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probably refers to ___. （A）
A. an ordinary building
B. an energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington, D.C.五．利用构词法猜测语义
掌握前后缀规律，如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。
. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road (不贵的)
2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings…_____内心的_____
3. Impressionism （印象派，印象主义）is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist （印象派的）painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. __________
Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them? A form of favoritism will replace （代替） equality（公平）.
（3）The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon(现象) that__B___.
A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying（令人满意的） jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certification（证书、资格） are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.（得到成功）六．因果关系猜测词义
常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/such…that等。
eg. She wanted the hairdresser（发型师）to trim her hair a bit because it was to long. (修剪，剪短)
Exercises:
1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ___浑浊的
2. He didn’t hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV. 全神贯注的
3. It rained, so the football match was postponed. ____推迟______
4. The young man was so bashful that he didn’t speak to the pretty girl. ___害羞的_______
七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测。
eg. 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws （爪子）for tearing（撕）, seizing（抓住）, pulling or holding objects（物体）.
2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither（枯萎）because of the cold weather. Exercises:
driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. ___避免，避开__
2. If a man feels very cold, he always huddles himself up. ____蜷缩______
3. What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trunks（游泳裤） in the dark closet（柜子） for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew. ____发霉______
4. A fish breathes in water with gills. ____鱼鳃______
Test 1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.
（1）The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means __（C）____.
A. an object used for sleeping
B. a bay on which on can rest
C. a seat for second person on a motorcycle
D. a place for sitting Test 2 One of Britain’s bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected（嫌疑的） police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to￡30,000 reward money.
（2）The underlined phrase “be in line for” in paragraph 1 means _（A）___. A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own
八．熟词生义猜测
熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：
（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；
如：fire vt. 解雇 fine vt. 罚款 fall n. 秋天 stand vt. 忍受
（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；
（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。
major market force results in（在于） the growing population of white-collar （衣领）employees, who can afford the new service. （白领）
2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? （描绘，想象）
3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals.
In this paragraph, the word “their” refers to __（A）___.
A. some people
B. some animals
C. many people
D. many animals 思考：延伸到完形填空
Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I remember that when she read the letter I became frightened. I could __41__ us starving（饥饿） to death and all sorts of things that could come to child’s mind.
41. A. suppose B. picture C. stand D. regret （B）九．实战训练
As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.
Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long-hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them.
Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year. One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs（郊区）, leaving their two children with a nanny（保姆）. Most evenings Da niel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock, and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.
Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wales.“I always wanted to have a farm here,” says Daniel, “and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift. It’s taken some getting used to, but it’s been worth it. We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer have any holidays. However, I think it’s made us stronger as a family, and the children are a lot happier.”
Liz, however, is not quite sure. “I used to enjoy my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I’m not really a country girl, but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to looking after the animals. One thing I do like, though, is being able to see more of my children. My advice for other people wanting to do the same is not to think about it too much or you might not do it at all.”
63．Wha t does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to?(C)
A．Child-caring. B．Liz’s advice.
C．Downshifting D．Liz’s job.
64．The underlined word “downshifting” in the second paragraph means_____.(C) A．repairing your car by yourself
B．spending money carefully
C．moving out to the countryside to live a simpler and better life
D．living in a big house in the suburbs and dining out once a
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
猜测词义读懂文章 Exercises Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you: Passage 1. We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we fee it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. Acceleration is the name for _______. D A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 2. A tornado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a tornado rushes at great speed around a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher. 2. A tornado is a _______. C A. rainstorm B. dust storm C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water Passage 3. STOCKHOLM—A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said. (2009NMET) 3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean?A A. a kind of illness B. a new discovery C. a name of a subject D. a new drug Passage 4. New Y ork: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast…. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the south tower instructed people to stay put, telling them that the building was in good condition and the threat was limited to the other tower. C 4. The underlined words “stay put”means______. A. to keep silent B. to leave at once C. to stay in the building D. to put everything back and then leave Passage 5. All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home. 5. The underline phrase “clears up”in the paragraph means______. A
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法 对于高考生而言，英语词汇量还是很有限的，想要完全通读高考英语试卷，还要会猜测词义。 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。 例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually
the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷） [分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。 例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷） [分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。 例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷） According to the passage ,The Pines is a . A．place in which you can see many mobile homes B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D．restaurant
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解 或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 2017年2016年2015年 全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the water catcher） 1(单词courier) 1（单词contributions） 全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables are turned） 2(单词downside;代词 it) 1（短语signed off） 全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced） 2（代词them；短语 a pipe dream） / 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过 2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词 汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预 计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。
三、词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____. What is the meaning of …? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____. T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _____. 实例讲解： 原文： This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目： 60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .
A) the wonderland one often dreams about B) the bright future that one is looking forward to C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached D) a world that exists only in one's imagination 此题可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。 考句子含义的，如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案；如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。 下面介绍一些常用的根据上下文猜测词义的技巧。 第一，针对性解释。 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 1．根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义 词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑： 一、根据定义或解释猜测词义 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese? A.诗人 B.木匠 C.厨师 D.伐木工人 通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠” A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…. Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______. A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。 二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断 As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well. In the text, “put an end to” means “______”. A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。 三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand. What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? A.自来水 B.大气 C.冰川 D.蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese? A.干净的 B.白皙的 C.肮脏的 D.整齐的 和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
高考英语词义猜测专项训练 请根据句意指出下列句子中划线单词的词性与汉语意思。 1. They were put into prison for founding an illegal organization. (意思: _________) 2. Being in poor health, the old lady looked weak and fragile. (意思: _________) 3. Before writing, we'd better take its framework into consideration. (意思: _________) 4. He is such a frequent visitor that all of us know him very well. (意思: _________) 5. Constant friction wore out the bottom of my shoes gradually. (意思: _________) 6. They grew some garlic, hoping for a good harvest in autumn. (意思: _________) 7. We picked some grapes and put t hem in the fridge to k eep them fresh. (意思: _________) 8. He drove his car into his garage, checked and repaired it carefully. (意思: _________) 9. A large vocabulary is fundamental to learning English well. (意思: _________) 10. To build up his body, Jack decides to take up gymnastics in the gym. (意思: _________) 11. Justin dreams of having a garment shop, selling expensive clothes. (意思: _________) 12. He is interested in geography and expects to travel around the world. (意思: _________) 13. My grandma stuck the broken pieces of glasses together with glue (意思: _________) 14. Under the guidance of Professor Green, I worked harder at geometry. (意思: _________) 15. The generous gentleman donates much money to the poor every year. (意思: _________) 16. An accident happened to her when she happened to be shopping. (意思: _________) 17. I am still green at teaching because I began teaching last year. (意思: _________) 18. So large is the hall that it can hold up to 5000 people in all. (意思: _________) 19.We’re short of hands at the moment and consider hiring some workers.(意思: _________) 20. Heads of many countries will gather to have a conference. (意思: _________) 21. Step by step, I’ve grasped the spirit of English and learned it better. (意思: _________) 22. She found her gold necklace gone and it was nowhere to be found. (意思: _________) 23. I am full now because I have just had a big dinner. (意思: _________)
阅读理解生词猜测实例 1.根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 1) A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do sth , he won’t give up half way . 2) Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly . 3) An expedition is a long , organized trip or journey which is made into an unfamiliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people. 4) At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy . 5) Although Rao made a reasonable offer of help to her, Jones accepted it reluctantly, with unwillingness. 6) Some myths , which are the stories handed down from ancient times and include the early beliefs of nation, are widely spread around the world. 7) Of all other sciences and that arithmetic, which is the science of numbers, is the base of mathematics. 2.通过同义词或同类词说明其意，一般用逗号将它与前面的生词隔开。 1) Luckily, most of the ailments (illness) that people suffer from can be treated at home with little or no medicine. 2) Microwaves- the radio waves that we use for communications- travel in straight line. 3) I think he is old-fashioned , thinking too much of old ways and ideas . 4) We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8:00 am--- this week . 3. 通过对比去推断生词。如转折词：but , however , yet , otherwise , though； 1)Most of them agreed, however, I dissented. 2) Most people object to the plan ; only a few are for it .
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略 高考考情分析解读： 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。 2016年全国卷设问形式例子： (1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ) (2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ) (3)What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ) 常见的命题形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”． Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”． What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean? 本学案结构：
第五讲词义猜测类专项练习 【分类真题】 (2019年全国卷II.A） My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Flynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.