专业八级阅读题目分类解析
作者张国帅
根据《高校英语专业八级考试大纲》的规定,阅读理解的测试要求分为以下就几项：1.能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评。2.能读懂有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品。3.能理解所读材料的主旨大意；能理解字面意义和隐含意义；能根据所读材料进行判断和推理；能分析所读材料的思想观点、语编结构、语言特点和修辞手法。4. 能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。5.考试时间是30分钟。由此可见，八级考试对考生的要求还是非常高的。我们在英语专业八级测试的成绩统计中可以发现:虽然考生的阅读能力明显高于其他的能力,但也存在一定的问题,主要是: (1) 部分考生的单词、词组以及语法的基本功还不过关，对阅读理解做成不应该的影响；(2) 考生的衔接能力不强; (3) 没有足够的推理和判断能力; (4) 阅读技能掌握不够,运用上下文解决问题能力不强,
整体理解力有待提高。为了解决这些问题我们有必要了解一下阅读的一些基本层面。目前比较公认的将阅读理解的过程分为四个层次:
(1) 字面理解(literal comprehension) ,主要是指读者可以理解文章的单词和句型,回想文章大意、细节、事件发生的时间、地点、顺序和人物之间的关系、对比、人物特性和因果关系等等。
(2)推断性理解(inferential comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据字面意思推断出字里行间的隐含意思,包括作者的意图和观点等。
(3) 评价性理解(evaluative comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据
自己的原则和观点对文章进行分析和评价。(4) 欣赏性理解
(appreciative comprehension) ,指读者最终对文章的写作技巧、思
想水平等做出评价。
从上面的分类我们不难看出字面理解属于浅层理解,它依靠读者的语言知识即可完成。而推断性理解属于深层理解,它要依靠读者的语言能力和阅读技巧来完成。评价性理解和欣赏性理解属于理解的最高境界,指读者能根据文章的结构进行分析和逻辑判断,从字里行间推测出作者隐含的意义和作者的观点。读者凭借自己的阅读经验和评判原则,分析、评价文章的优劣、信息的真实性、事件的可能性和结论的合理性等,并表明自己的态度。结合阅读过程的这四个不同层面，八级考试的阅读题型一般分为五类，即细节题、主旨题、推断题、词义题和评价题。
1.细节题是根据文章的内容、信息进行提问的。譬如以what, which, when, where, why 等开头的问题。一般而言需要根据题干中的关键词在文章中找到相关语句，然后再结合上下文对这些语句进行进一步的分析。以2007年真题中的TEXT A 为例：本文主要阐释了威尔士在英联邦中的地位的逐渐改善。该篇文章第一题为细节题。
According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to
A. maintain the present status among the nations.
B. reduce legislative powers of England.
C. create a better state of equality among the nations.
D. grand more say to all the nations in the union.
根据该词所在的句子：The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. 这里的意思是，权力下放是为了使英国的各个地区之间能够重建平衡，所以应该选C选项。再比如2007年TEXT C 的第三个小题。
Richard’ s behavior as death approached showed
A. bravery and self-control
B. wisdom and correctness
C. devotion and romance
D. chivalry and charity
根据文章第三段对查理死前情况的描述，我们可以看出他能够勇敢而平静得面对死亡，将财产分给好友或者是馈赠给慈善机构，而且原谅了射杀他的弓箭手。所以D选项是正确选项。解此题的关键在于对于单词chivalry(骑士精神)的掌握。
2.主旨题。该种题型主要考察文章的大意、作品基调、作者态度和目的等。出题形式通常为：“What does the passage mainly discuss?”, “Which of the following is the more appropriate tile for the passage?”。
3.推断题。推断题是根据作者暗示的信息和观点或者是某段/某句的言外之意而提出的问题。这类问题不仅要求考生读懂相关的文章内容，还要求考生能够做出正确的推论。以2007真题中的TEXT A 为例：文章第五小题
According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is
A. people’s mentality
B. pop culture
C. town’s appearance
D. possibilities for the people
我们可以通过文章最后一段的内容：…is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think: We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing. ” 推导出来威尔士人心态的变化。所以A应该是正确选项。
再比如，2007年的TEXT C 的第三篇文章的第四个小题：
The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was
A. cheated by his own successor.
B. determined to take revenge on his enemies.
C. more generous to his enemies than his successors.
D. unable to influence the behavior of his successor
文章倒数第二段提到查理不仅原谅了射伤他的人而且还赠给他一些财物。文章最后却告诉我们，查理去世后，放箭的人受剥皮酷刑而死，由此我们可以推断出查理与他的继任者相比对敌人更加的宽容大度。所以，C选项为正确选项。
4. 词义题。此种题型用于测试考生对具体词义或指代关系的识别能力。其题干类型经常为：“The word ‘attribute’ in line means…”/ “What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to… ” 我们以2007年真题第一篇文章的第二个小题为例：
The word “centrifugal” in the secon d paragraph means
A. separatist
B. conventional
C. feudal
D. political
该词所在的句子是：…to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union. 从中我们可以看出，“centrifugal” 与“union”相对。所以A为正确选项。
5.评价题。此题型用于测试考生对文章风格、写作手法等的分析能力。题干经常为：“What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to…”/ “What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?”
以2007年TEXT B 为例，该篇文章的第三个小题：
What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?
A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.
B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.
C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs.
D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.
文章的第二、三段主要谈科威特妇女没有选举权。第四、五段着重论述科威特的妇女与其他海湾国家的妇女相比，已经享有了很大的自由。消极方面和积极方面的对比使我们选择D为正确选项。
再比如2007年真题的第三篇文章的第六个小题。
The relation between the first and second paragraphs is that
A. each presents one side of the picture
B. the first generalizes, the second gives examples.
C. the second is the logical result of the first
D. both present Richard’s virtues and faults
通过阅读文章可知第一段描述的是查理酷爱战争；第二段描述的是查理虽说骁勇善战，但他不残暴而且仁慈慷慨。由此可知，这两段话分别从不同的角度对查理的性格特点作了描述。所以选择A项为正确选项。
2018 英语专八阅读练习题及答案 英语专业八级针对的对象是英语及相关专业大四学生。非英语及相 关专业与非在校生无法参加考试。英语专业八级考试(TEM-8),全称为 全国高校英语专业八级考试。应届毕业生网小编为大家整理了2018 英 语专八阅读练习题及答案汇总，供各位考生参考。 Exploration of the Titanic After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age. Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officers quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves. The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic
初中语文诗歌鉴赏+现代文阅读试题类型及其解题技巧含解析 一、中考语文诗歌鉴赏训练 1．阅读下面的文字，完成各题。 它以难zhē掩的光芒 使生命呼吸 使高树繁枝向它舞蹈 使河流带着狂歌奔向它去 当它来时，我听见 冬蛰的虫蛹转动于地下 群众在旷场上高声说话 城市从远方 用电力与钢铁昭唤它。 （艾青《太阳》节选） （1）根据拼音写出相应的汉字，给划线的字注音。 zhē________________ ________掩冬蛰虫蛹 （2）文中有错别字的一个词是“________”，这个词的正确写法是“________”。 （3）下面词语中“旷”的意思与“旷场”中“旷”的意思相同的一项是（） A. 旷达 B. 旷课 C. 空旷 D. 旷日持久（4）“它”指太阳，诗人惜墨如金，描绘了________，构成了一幅丰富的画面。 【答案】（1）遮；zhé；yǒng （2）昭唤；召唤 （3）C （4）太阳给万物带来的巨大影响 【解析】【分析】（1）“遮”不要写成“庶”，“蛰”不要读成zhí，“蛹”不要读成tǒng。 （2）“召唤”意思是用某种方式或方法把人们唤来，通常口头呼唤某人。“召”指呼唤，用言语叫人来。 （3）“旷场”指空阔的广场，“旷”的意思是空阔。A项，“旷达”指开朗，豁达。多形容人的心胸、性格。旷：开朗，心境阔大；B项，“旷课”指即逃课，又叫翘课，通指学生无缘无故、没有正当理由而不去学校上课。旷：荒废；耽误；C项，“空旷”指空荡荡的，视野开阔，无阻挡物。旷：空阔；D项，“旷日持久”指荒废时日，长期拖延。旷：拖延得太久，荒废、耽搁。故选C。 （4）由“使生命呼吸”“使高树繁枝向它舞蹈”“使河流带着狂歌奔向它去”等句子可知，描绘了太阳给万物带来的巨大影响。 故答案为：⑴遮； zhé ；yǒng ⑵昭唤；召唤 ⑶ C ⑷太阳给万物带来的巨大影响 【点评】⑴本题考查学生对字音、字形的识记能力。需要学生在平时读课文时，养成仔细
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people she seemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married the doctor. Within a year after the marriage she died. The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large. When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden balls as large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods. He smoked a cob pipe and after his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window that was covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day in August he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it. Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy there were the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the Heffner Block above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly, building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth he erected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have the truths to erect other pyramids. Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes for ten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at the knees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pockets into which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scraps of paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled he dumped them out upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another old man named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood, old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threw them at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering old sentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter. The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girl who became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It is delicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards of Winesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard with frost underfoot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. They have been put in barrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten in apartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers have rejected. They look like the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them
英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析 2018英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析 英语专业八级阅读理解难点为词汇及长难句的理解，希望大家通过一段时间的坚持提升拆分解读长难句的能力，争取攻克专八阅读30分。 Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf. 译文：如果雄心壮志得到人们足够重视的话，那么它的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则都使人们认为是值得去为之付出代价的。 分析：此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句Ifambitionistobewellregarded，主句的主语是therewardsofambition，谓语是mustbedeemed，而 wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny既是插入语，又是therewards的同位语。madeonambition'sbehalf是thesacrifices 的补语。 【词汇指南】 well[wel](adv.)很好地;相当地,很(n.)水井()(该词与汉语“完好”发音极其接近——即“很好地;相当地”。而该词之所以还表示“水井”，是因为“水”就是最好的东西、乃生命之源。因此从某种程度上来说，“well-水井”演变自“water-水”。) 考点搭配： aswell也 wellregarded受欢迎的，受好评的
lesswelleducated未受过良好教育的. well-orchestrated精心策划 reward[ri'w?:d](n.)报酬,奖金(vt.)报偿,酬谢;奖励(re-回，ward=award-奖品→企业为“回”报工人而“奖给”的东西——即 “报酬,奖金”，引申为“报偿,酬谢;奖励”。) 1个派生词： ●rewarding[ri'w?:di?](adj.)有报酬的,有益的(inɡ-形容词后缀) 4个扩展词： ●award[?'w?:d](vt.)授予,给予(n.)奖品;奖状(a-加强语气,表 示“一”，ward-保护→奖励那些在战场中“保护”领袖、一直坚守 作战的勇士——即“授予,给予”，引申为“奖品;奖状”。) ●steward['stju:?d](n.)(轮船、飞机等的)服务员,乘务员;管 家(高考词汇)(2005年-阅读2)(ste=sta-词根,站立，ward-守卫→ 站立、守卫在客人身边的人——即“服务员,乘务员”，引申为“管家”。) ●wardrobe['w?:dr?ub](n.)衣柜;行头;剧装(ward-保护;收容所，robe-长袍→最初“衣柜”就是用来“收容”和存储长袍的。) ●ward[w?:d](n.)保护,看护;病房;收容所(wa=wall-围墙， rd=round-围绕→“城墙”围绕——即“保护,看护”，引申为“病房;收容所”。) deem[di:m](v.)深信,认为(有学者认为，“deem-深信、认为” 由“doom-劫数、命定”演变而来(oo-ee元音变化)→源于古人看到 天体陨落、于是“深信”将有惨祸发生;后来，根据“深信”引申为“认为”。) 1个形近词：
最新中考语文试卷语文诗歌鉴赏+现代文阅读题分类汇编 一、中考语文诗歌鉴赏训练 1．阅读诗歌，回答问题。 梦微之 （唐）白居易 晨起临风一惆怅， 通川湓水断相闻。 不知忆我因何事， 昨夜三更梦见君。 酬乐天频梦微之 （唐）元稹① 山水万重书断绝， 念君怜我梦相闻。 我今因病魂颠倒， 唯梦闲人不梦君。 【注】①元稹，字微之，别字威明，河南洛阳人。唐朝大臣、诗人、文学家。唐宪宗元和十二年（817），白居易和元稹同时遭贬。 “梦”是诗中寄托情思的载体，“梦”是一往情深的精神境界。上面两首诗都写了梦，却各有异同，请从写法和情感两方面简要分析。 【答案】白居易和元稹两个人都写了梦，用入梦表达思念之苦，为自身遭遇的郁闷，同病相怜的悲苦。白诗中有对元稹的关切、思念之情，元诗中有对朋友关心自己的感激之情。从写法上看，白诗用故人入梦书写对元稹的关切、思念之情，元诗一反其意，以不曾入梦写凄苦心境。白诗用入梦写苦思，是事所常有，写人之常情；元诗用不能入梦，写不能成梦的凄苦，梦见的净是些不相干的人，偏偏没有梦见你，是事所罕有，写人之至情。 【解析】【分析】考查两诗歌“梦”的含义。要求从写法和情感两方面简要分析。“梦”是一往情深的精神境界。白居易和元稹两个人都写了梦，但写法截然不同。白诗是这样四句：“晨起临风一惆怅，通川湓水断相闻。不知忆我因何事，昨夜三更梦见君。”白诗不直说自己苦思成梦，却反以元稹为念，问他何事忆我，致使我昨夜梦君，这表现了对元稹处境的无限关心。诗从对面着墨，构思精巧，感情真挚。白诗用记梦以抒念旧之情，元诗一反其意，以不曾入梦写凄苦心境。白诗用入梦写苦思，是事所常有，写人之常情；元诗用不能入梦写心境，是事所罕有，写人之至情。做梦包含了希望与绝望之间极深沉、极痛苦的感情。元稹更推进一层，把不能入梦的原因作了近乎离奇的解释：我本来可以控制自己的梦，和你梦里相逢，过去也曾多次梦见过你。但此刻，我的身心已被疾病折磨得神魂颠倒，所以“惟梦闲人不梦君”。这就把凄苦的心境写得入骨三分，内容也更为深广。再说，元稹这首诗是次韵和诗，在韵脚受限制的情况下，别出机杼，更是难得。根据以上分析作答即可。 故答案为：白居易和元稹两个人都写了梦，用入梦表达思念之苦，为自身遭遇的郁闷，同病相怜的悲苦。白诗中有对元稹的关切、思念之情，元诗中有对朋友关心自己的感激之情。从写法上看，白诗用故人入梦书写对元稹的关切、思念之情，元诗一反其意，以不曾
社会生活类（Passage63～70） Passage63 题材：社会生活类字数：686建议用时：6分钟 From a hillside,Kamal Saadat looked forlornly at hundreds of potential customers,knowing he could not take them for trips in his boat to enjoy a spring weekend on picturesque Oroumieh Lake,the third largest saltwater lake on earth, which now lay encased by solidifying salt.Saadat lamented that he could not understand why the lake was fading away. The long popular lake,home to migrating flamingos,pelicans and gulls,has shrunken by60percent and could disappear entirely in just a few years—drained by drought,misguided irrigation policies,development and the damming of rivers that feed it. Until two years ago,Saadat supplemented his income from almond-and grape-growing by taking tourists on boat tours.But as the lake receded and its salinity rose,he found he had to stop the boat every10minutes to unfoul the propeller—and finally,he had to give up this second job that he'd used to support a five-member family.The visitors were not enjoying such a boring trip,for they had to cross hundreds of meters of salty lakebed just to reach the boat from the wharf. Other boatmen,too,have parked their vessels by their houses,where they stand as sad reminders of the deep-water days.And the lake's ebbing affects an ever-widening circle.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2015) GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT：195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．Now, listen to the mini-lecture． Understanding Academic Lectures Listening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently? I.Understand all (1) ______________ A.words B.(2) ______________ -stress -intonation -(3) ______________ II. Adding information A.lecturers: sharing information with audience B.listeners: (4) ______________ C.sources of information -knowledge of (5) ______________ -(6) ______________ of the world D. listening involving three steps: -hearing -(7) ______________ -adding III. (8) ______________ A.reasons: -overcome noise -save time B. (9) ______________
论述类文本阅读全国卷高考真题集 2017年课标卷一 （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 气候正义是环境主义在气候变化领域的具体发展和体现。2000年前后，一些非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神。开始对气候变化的影响进行伦理审视，气候正义便应运而生。气候正义关注的核心主要是在气候容量有限的前提下，如何界定各方的权利和义务，主要表现为一种社会正义或法律正义。 从空间维度来看，气候正义涉及不同国家和地区之间公平享有气候容量的问题，也涉及一国内部不同区域之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在气候变化的国际公平和国内公平问题，公平原则应以满足人的基本需求作为首要目标，每个人都有义务将自己的“碳足迹”控制在合理范围之内。比如说，鉴于全球排放空间有限，而发达国家已实现工业化，在分配排放空间时，就应首先满足发展中国家在衣食住行和公共基础设施建设等方面的基本发展需求，同时遇到在满足基本需求之上的奢侈排放。 从时间维度上来看，气候正义涉及当代人与后代之间公平享有气候容量的问题，因而存在代际权利义务关系问题。这一权利义务关系，从消极方面看，体现为当代人如何约束自己的行为来保护地球气候系统，以将同等质量的气候系统交给后代；从积极方面看，体现为当代人为自己及后代设定义务，就代际公平而言，地球上的自然资源在代际分配问题上应实现代际共享，避免“生态赤字”。因为，地球这个行星上的自然资源包括气候资源，是人类所有成员，包括上一代、这一代和下一代，共同享有和掌管的。我们这一代既是受益人，有权使用并受益于地球，又是受托人，为下一代掌管地球。我们作为地球的受托管理人，对子孙后代负有道德义务。实际上气候变化公约或协定把长期目标设定为保护气候系统免受人为原因引起的温室气体排放导致的干扰，其目的正是为了保护地球气候系统，这是符合后代利益的。至少从我们当代人已有的科学认识来看，气候正义的本质是为了保护后代的利益，而非为其设定义务。 总之，气候正义既有空间的维度，也有时间的维度，既涉及国际公平和国内公平，也涉及代际公平和代内公平。因此，气候正义的内涵是：所有国家、地区和个人都有平等使用、享受气候容量的权利，也应公平地分担稳定气候系统的义务和成本。 （摘编自曹明德《中国参与国际气候治理的法律立场和策略：以气候正义为视角》） 1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A．为了应对气候变化，非政府组织承袭环境正义运动的精神，提出了气候正义。 B．与气候变化有关的国际公平和国内公平问题，实际上就是限制排放的问题。 C．气候正义中的义务问题，是指我们对后代负有义务，而且要为后代设定义务。 D．已有的科学认识和对利益分配的认识都会影响我们对气候正义内涵的理解。 2．下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分） A．文章从两个维度审视气候正义，并较为深入地阐述了后一维度的两个方面。
考研英语阅读理解B节(新题型)分类精讲科学技术类-(一) (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Section Ⅱ Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：100.00) When we compare men with animals, we must remember that a man is also an animal. But in making this comparison, it is sometimes more convenient to refer to the rest of the animal kingdom as "animals". (1) . Many animals are intelligent in the sense that they can explore their surroundings or acquire new skills by learning from their parents. Animal organisms have organs whose physical power exceeds the power of men. The bodies of men have no wings and cannot fly. Men cannot imitate fish and spend long periods under water unless they carry breathing apparatus with them. (2) . But it is very uncommon for animals to go mad or destroy their own kind. Animals, left to themselves, do not disturb the balance of nature. They do not turn grassland into desert or make water undrinkable by filling whole lakes and rivers with waste materials. Compared with most other organisms—if we see him as a part of nature—man is wasteful and destructive. Though he is more intelligent than animals, he often uses his intelligence for strange purposes. (3) . This power is possessed by the rich businessman in Chicago and the poor, primitive Bushman of the Kalahari Desert in Africa. It may indeed show itself more obviously in the Bushman, whose environment does not provide him with security and whose entire food supply is acquired by facing new situations. It is a power which can be wasted or misused or be weakened through neglect. But it is a power which belongs to every human being. (4) . Language gives depth to human communities in time. It enables one generation to hand on its experience to another, by means of stories, which are the origin of human history. It is only human beings who recognize a past and future, and who feel that they stand at a certain point in the development of their community. (5) . This brings us to another aspect of human intelligence. Man is more adaptable than animals, but in the ages of civilization he has used this power in a special way. A few communities, like the African Bushman, still manage to survive in a primitive way. But other men wish to make their future more secure and try to find a way of doing this, which is typical of civilized communities. A. We call this capacity intelligence. Its chief instrument or weapon is human language, a system of symbols (spoken or written) which enables men to communicate information and purpose, and see one situation in terms of another. The ability to use symbols is not possessed by animals, and it is a major aspect of human intelligence. B. Like animals, men are adapted to a certain environment. They require food and water; they can digest only certain kinds of food. They require warmth; they can survive only within certain limits of temperature. C. Man's sense of future leads him to provide for the future. He accumulates food, clothes, useful objects, raw materials, buildings, information and in modern times he accumulates money—the means of exchange and therefore an important means of power over other men. D. Different from an animal, man is able to convert a natural environment into a human, social environment—an environment which represents the accumulated labor of many generations. E. We cannot say that men are superior to animals. But they differ from animals in several important ways. And all these differences are really aspects of one and the same difference. This central difference is man's unusual mental flexibility, his ability to meet a new situation in a new way and his capacity to learn from his experience and the experience of others.
英语专业八级阅读真题分类解析 类别：阅读来源：美联英语学习网 专八真题测试中如果碰到阅读理解的话，大家会怎么办呢？难不成就是一口气的读下去，哪怕头脑发晕也要继续下去？这里就为大家介绍一些阅读理解习题的小技巧。 虽然考生的阅读能力明显高于其他的能力,但也存在一定的问题,主要是: (1) 部分考生的单词、词组以及语法的基本功还不过关，对阅读理解做成不应该的影响;(2) 考生的衔接能力不强; (3) 没有足够的推理和判断能力; (4) 阅读技能掌握不够,运用上下文解决问题能力不强,整体理解力有待提高。为了解决这些问题我们有必要了解一下阅读的一些基本层面。目前比较公认的将阅读理解的过程分为四个层次: (1) 字面理解(literal comprehension) ,主要是指读者可以理解文章的单词和句型,回想文章大意、细节、事件发生的时间、地点、顺序和人物之间的关系、对比、人物特性和因果关系等等。 (2)推断性理解(inferential comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据字面意思推断出字里行间的隐含意思,包括作者的意图和观点等。 (3) 评价性理解(evaluative comprehension) ,主要是指读者根据 自己的原则和观点对文章进行分析和评价。(4) 欣赏性理解 (appreciative comprehension) ,指读者最终对文章的写作技巧、思 想水平等做出评价。 以2007年真题中的TEXT A 为例：本文主要阐释了威尔士在英联邦中的地位的逐渐改善。该篇文章第一题为细节题。 According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to A. maintain the present status among the nations.
2020-2021高考语文模拟试题现代文阅读分类汇编(及答案) 一、高中现代文阅读 1．阅读下面的文字，完成各题。 材料一： 2018年4月2日，教育部制定印发《高等学校人工智能创新行动计划》，其中提到发展目标： 到2020年，基本完成适应新一代人工智能发展的高校科技创新体系和学科体系的优化布局，高校在新一代人工智能基础理论和关键技术研究等方面取得新突破，人才培养和科学研究的优势进一步提升，并推动人工智能技术广泛应用。 到2025年，高校在新一代人工智能领域科技创新能力和人才培养质量显著提升，取得一批具有国际重要影响的原创成果，部分理论研究、创新技术与应用示范达到世界领先水平，有效支撑我国产业升级、经济转型和智能社会建设。 到2030年，高校成为建设世界主要人工智能创新中心的核心力量和引领新一代人工智能发展的人才高地，为我国跻身创新型国家前列提供科技支撑和人才保障。 ——摘编自教育部《高等学校人工智能创新行动计划》材料二： 2018年6月8日，教育部相关负责人召开新闻发布会解读《高等学校人工智能创新行动计划》，在回答“《行动计划》在人工智能领域人才培养方面有何举措”的问题时，相关负责人说：支持高校在计算机科学与技术学科设置人工智能学科方向，深入论证并确定人工智能学科内涵，完善人工智能的学科体系，推动人工智能领域一级学科建设。支持高校自主设置相关二级学科或交叉学科。加快实施“卓越工程师教育培养计划”（2.0版），积极开展“新工科”研究与实践，重视人工智能与计算机、控制、数学、统计学、物理学、生物学、心理学、社会学、法学等学科专业教育的交叉融合，探索“人工智能+X”的人才培养模式。鼓励高校对照国家和区域产业需求布点人工智能相关专业。加快人工智能领域科技成果和资源向教育教学转化，推动人工智能重要方向的教材和在线开放课程建设，推动编写一批具有国际一流水平的本科生、研究生教材和国家级精品在线开放课程；将人工智能纳入大学计算机基础教学内容。引导高校完善人工智能领域多主体协同育人机制，并通过增量支持和存量调整，稳步增加相关学科专业招生规模、合理确定层次结构，加大人工智能领域人才培养力度。此外，还要努力构建多层次教育体系。在中小学阶段引入人工智能普及教育；不断优化完善专业学科建设，构建人工智能专业教育、职业教育和大学基础教育于一体的高校教育体系；鼓励、支持高校相关教学、科研资源对外开放，建立面向青少年和社会公众的人工智能科普公共服务平台，积极参与科普工作。 ——摘编自中国政府网材料三： 6月10日，在江汉大学举行的高校招生咨询会上，人工智能成为了家长和考生最关注的专业之一，多数家长们看好它的就业和薪资前景。 长江日报记者发现，大数据、机器人工程成高校爆款专业，教育部在汉高校在设置此类专业时非常积极主动。在湖北今年新增“数据科学与大数据技术”专业的高校里，除武汉大
第12讲阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型 题一： [1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much? [2]If ______________________, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young. [3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words) ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) ______________________________________________________________________ 3. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words) ①__________________ ②__________________ ③__________________ 4. What do experts say about text addiction? (no more than 14 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words) _____________________________________________________________________ 题二： (1)It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the current amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to this. (2)Why has there been such growth in televised sport? For one thing, with digital broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even then years ago. Moreover, sport has become an important from of entertainment, appealing to