过去完成时
注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是"过去的过去".它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。 E.g. By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there. 其结构是"had+过去分词".它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。 E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 o'clock. I had not reached the station before 9：00 o'clock. Had you reached the station before 9：00 o'clock？
它通常和before，by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
练习一：一.用动词的适当形式填空
1.We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2.That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3.They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4.The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5.I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6.Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7.Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8.Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9.When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13.I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do).
15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before.
16.He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
二．句型转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否定）
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off. （改一般疑问）
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinemabecause he had seen the film. （对划线部分提问）
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. （对划线部分提问）
11.She had written the book by the end of 1960. （对划线部分提问）
12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. （用过去完成时连接两句）
13.Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. （用过去完成时连接两句）
14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句) After we ________________________, we _____________________________
15.He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句)
Before he _______________________, he______________________________.
练习二
一、单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home，he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has；been sent
B had；sent
C has；sent
D had；been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned
B learned
C have learned
D will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch，so she was very hungry.
A has had
B hasn't have
C have had
D hadn't had
4 By the end of 1976，many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been
B have
C had been
D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left；comes
B had left；would come
C had left；came
D left；had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed
B was enjoying
C have enjoyed
D have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun；get
B has been on；get
C had begun；got
D had been on；got
二、填空
1 When I returned home，he _____ （leave）。
2 By ten yesterday evening，she ________（finish）writing.
3 He ______（study）English for five years before he came here.
4 It ____ _____ （stop）raining when I wake up this morning.
5 I _____ （not read）the book because I had read it before.
6 She said she____ （be）born in 1992.
7 When he _____（come）to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________（learn）some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____（not see）each other since left Beijing.
9 When I got to his home，he_____（go）to bed.
10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____（come）back.
练习一参考答案：一.用动词的适当形式填空 1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left4. had run away..arrived5. had turned off …went 6. went …had made 7. said …had read 8 failed …had made 9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got 11. arrived ..had left 12.. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had ..done 15 didn't go …had been 16. hasn't told 17 had …given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing …was singing 二．句型转换1．I hadn't sold the ticket when she came. 2. She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.
3. They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.
4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?
5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet?
6. Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7. What had he done when you saw him?
8.What did he do when he had read the note?
9. Why didn't Jack go to the cinema? 10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child? 11.What had she written by the end of 1960? 12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we ate them up. 13.Jim’s father mended the car because it had been broken.
14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday. 15. Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture 练习二答案：1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 答案：1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 4 had stopped 5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned 8 hadn't seen 9 had gone 10 had come
初中英语句子翻译练习 翻译1 1．下次你应该早点儿来这儿。 2．你最好不要单独去游泳。 3．让我们开始讨论这个难题吧。 4．这箱子太重，这小孩搬不动。 5．每天我父亲去上班需要一个半小时。6．瞧!树下有一位老人正在观看孩子们玩游戏。 7．我感到这个问题很难回答。 8．虽然他们个子不太高，人也不太强壮，但他们是一支很好的队伍。 9．你的英语学习情况怎样? 10．当我们到达火车站时，火车已开走了。11．这位老人已当了30多年英语老师了。12．她脸色显得很焦急，因为她妈妈已病了些时候了。 13．中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。 14．如果你不理解这篇课文，可以请教老师。15．这两种语言有什么差异? 16．为了将来更好地为人民服务，我们学习非常刻苦。 17．据说城里又建造了一所医院。 18．据说今天下午开班会，但你最好去证实一下。 19．她宁愿和我们一道去也不愿呆在家里。20．星期天我宁愿看书也不愿玩。21．这颗新星是一位中国科学家发现的。22．他给我们提供了一条有用的信息。23．请立刻给我带两瓶牛奶来吧。24．你们最好不要在大街上踢足球。25．他已被派到西藏(Tibet)工作去了吗? 26．教育上已取得了很大的成绩。27．不要嘲笑那些遇到麻烦的人。28．我把窗户关上你不介意吧? 29．做完作业后，他又接着给父母写了一封信。 30．他用了三周时间看完了这本书。31．不要躺在床上看电视，这对你的眼睛有害。 32．从那以后我不再是个学生了。33．我朋友因唱歌而出了名。 ． 34．你吃得越多，长得越胖。 35．他告诉了我，我才知道这件事。36．你能告诉我从上海到北京乘火车需要多长时间吗? 37．从北京到上海的单程票价是多少? 38．我不仅会说英语，而且会说法语39．他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事，我们都哈哈大笑 40．那城市的变化使他们感到惊奇。41．他们对你们的工作评价很高。42．如今，人们彼此间仍旧做着相同的事。
外研版英语中考英语过去完成时专题(含答案) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing Danel went into the classroom with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. happened B. had happened C. would happen D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：看着丹尼尔哭着跑进教室，我问他发生了什么。根据动词asked 一般过去时可知，动词happen的动作发生在asked之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had+过去分词。故选B。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时，注意掌握过去完成时的结构had+过去分词。 2．Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙举行第一次音乐会时，他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然后开了音乐会，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义（过去的过去）和构成：had+动词的过去分词。 3．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根据By the end of last month，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，C是过去完成时结构，故答案是C。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意过去完成的时的判定方法。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：到2012年底，我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时，所以选C。 5．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left
【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.
初中英语句子翻译大 全
老板要我查出明天飞机起飞的时间。 The boss wants me to find out the plane took off time tomorrow. 首先，我们需要买些食物。 First, we need to buy some food. 所有人都确切的说是。 Everyone be exact. 这件事永远改变了我的生活。 It changed my life forever. 例如，机器人可以为人类作为危险的工作。 For example, the robot can work as a dangerous for humans.
从现在开始你就是我的搭档了。From now on you are my partner. 那个聪明的小孩会从1数到100. The clever child can count from 1 to 100. 人与自然和平相处时必须的。 Man and nature live in peace when necessary. 厨师们正在为晚餐做准备。 The chefs are preparing for dinner. 你能告诉我什么地方下车吗? Can you tell me where to get off? 快点，坐上那辆公交车。 Come on, sit on the bus. 那个电话没有接通。
The phone is switched on. 我们要多花时间和家人聚在一起。We should spend more time together with my family. 你能告诉我如何到达那家旅馆？Can you tell me how to get to the hotel? 每天早晨，许多人清早起床锻炼身体。 Every morning, many people get up early in the morning exercise. 明天记得把我的笔记本归还给我。Remember to return my laptop tomorrow to me. 当你帮助别人的时候，你一定会很快乐。
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone
过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
初中英语句子翻译大全 老板要我查出明天飞机起飞的时间。 The boss wants me to find out the plane took off time tomorrow. 首先，我们需要买些食物。 First, we need to buy some food. 所有人都确切的说是。 Everyone be exact. 这件事永远改变了我的生活。 It changed my life forever. 例如，机器人可以为人类作为危险的 工作。 For example, the robot can work as a dangerous for humans. 从现在开始你就是我的搭档了。 From now on you are my partner. 那个聪明的小孩会从1数到100. The clever child can count from 1 to 100. 人与自然和平相处时必须的。 Man and nature live in peace when necessary. 厨师们正在为晚餐做准备。 The chefs are preparing for dinner. 你能告诉我什么地方下车吗? Can you tell me where to get off? 快点，坐上那辆公交车。 Come on, sit on the bus. 那个电话没有接通。 The phone is switched on. 我们要多花时间和家人聚在一起。 We should spend more time together with my family.
你能告诉我如何到达那家旅馆, Can you tell me how to get to the hotel? 每天早晨，许多人清早起床锻炼身 体。 Every morning, many people get up early in the morning exercise. 明天记得把我的笔记本归还给我。 Remember to return my laptop tomorrow to me. 当你帮助别人的时候，你一定会很快 乐。 When you help others, you will be very happy. 为什么不放弃吸烟呢, Why don't you give up smoking? 继续，告诉我们那个有趣的故事。 Go on, tell us the interesting story. 这辆车会经过火车站吗, The car after the train station? 你多久和朋友远足一次, A: how often do you and friends hiking? 散步是自我的放松的一种好习惯。 Walking is to relax themselves a good habit. 我们可以继续那个谈话吗, We can continue the conversation? 突然间所有的灯都熄灭了。 Suddenly all the lights went out. 房子的价格总是在升高。 The price of the house is always on the rise. 那辆汽车在路上出毛病了。 That is something wrong with the car on the road. 当我长大了，我相当宇航员。
过去完成时语法精讲 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. # She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： 】 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： ] When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 【 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时专项练习 1. 1. 单项选择 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
一、根据所给中文，完成相应的英语句子，每空限填一词： 1.多喝水，这对你的健康有好处。Drink more water. It _______ _______ _______ your health. 2.昨天直到雨停了孩子们才离开学校。 The children _______ leave school _______ the rain stopped yesterday. 3.非常感谢邀请我参加你的聚会。_______ ______ _______ _______ asking me to your party. 4.钥匙是金属做的，用来锁门。 he key _______ _______ ______ metal and _______ ______ ______ door. 5.你们想拿回你们的电视机，是吗？You want to ________ your TV set ________, _______ you? 6.天太冷了，不能去游泳。 It's too cold _________ ________ ________. 7.我和她年龄一样大。 I'm _______ _______ ________ ________ her. 8.丽丽叫我不要忘记告诉她母亲这条好消息。 Lily asked me _______ _______ _______ ______ tell her mother the good news. 9.昨天当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始半小时了。 When I ______ ______ the cinema yesterday, the film _______ _______ ______ for half an hour. 10.晚饭后为什么不去散步呢？_______ _______ _______ out for a walk after supper? 【答案解析】 1. is good for 2. did n’t ...until 3. Thanks a lot for。 4. is made of; used for locking。 5. get...back,don’t you 6. to go swimming 7. the same age as 8. not to forget to. 9. got to, had been on。 10. Why not go 二、根据所给中文，完成相应的英语句子，每空所填词数不限： 1.躺在床上看书对你的眼睛有害。Reading in bed _____eyes. 2.中华人民共和国成立于1949 年。The PRC _______in 1949. 3.我今天为你买了一件新衬衫。为什么不试一下？ I bought a new shirt for you today. _______? 4.我认为他明天不会来参加会议的。I _______think that he _______ come to the meeting tomorrow. 5.你能告诉我现在几点了吗？Could you tell me ____ ___? 6.你最好在他改变主意之前把机票费帮他付了。 You'd better _______ the air ticket for him before he _______. 7.我生于 1987 年 6 月 15 日。I ___ ____June 15, 1987. 8.我们学校里仅有六个女教师。There are only six ____ ___ in our school. 9.奥运会每四年举行一次。 The Olympic Games are held_______. 10.等他来，我再离开。 I _______leave _______he comes back. 11.我希望你同我们一起去。I hope _______ _______ with us. 12.假如明天不下雨，我会去购物。I will _______ _______ if it _______ rain tomorrow. 13.她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。She is beautiful and ______ ______ her mother when she was young. 14.长沙的天气和北京的不同。The weather of Changsha _______ _______ _______ ______ of Beijing. 15.我们班的学生人数是 50。 The ________ of the students in our class _______ 50. 1. is bad for your eyes。 2. was founded。 3. Why don't you try it on / Why not try it on 4. don't think, will。 5. what time it is / what the time is。 6. pay for, changes his mind 7. was born on。 8. women teachers。 9. every four years。10. won't, until。11. you'll go 。 。 12.go shopping ， doesn't 13. so was 14. is different from 15. number is 三 . 中考英语翻译填空题专练 1.我父亲叫我努力学习。 My parents told me _______ _______ _______. 2.我发现学好英语很容易。 I find ______ ______ ______ study English well. 3.他希望我能同他们一道去。 He _______ me ______ ______ with them. 4.我很忙，我有许多衣服要洗。I'm very busy. I have a lot of _______ ______ ______. 5.不知道为什么那么早就出发。I don't know ______ ______ ______ so early. 6.为什么不把窗户关上？ Why ______ _______ the window? 7.他要我在外面等了一个小时。He ______ me ______ outside for an hour. 8.老师说他有一个重要的会议要参加。The teacher said that he ______ an important meeting ______ ______. 9.要及时完成这工作很难。_____ _____ very difficult ______ ______ the work in time. 10.他老了，不能做工作了。 He is not ______ _______ ______ do any work. 1.to, study, hard 2. it, easy, to 3. wishes, to, go 4. clothes, to, wash 5. why, we'll, start 6.not, close [shut] 7. made [had], wait 8. had, to, attend 9.It, is, to, finish 10. young, enough, to 四．根据中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。 1.这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴，以致于他坚持练琴叁年了。 The eight-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______much ______he has kept ______ for three years. 2.我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。My mother usually ______ some cleaning and ______ on Sundays. 3.在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。We're ______ to have ______ at the party this evening. 4.由于天气不好，校运会不得不推迟。
【初中语法系列】过去完成时，过去的过去！对于理解过去完成时来说，其要义只有一点，那就“过去的过去”。 一.过去完成时的概念与结构 概念： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 构成： “助动词had +过去分词”，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃过了早饭。 二.过去完成时的用法 1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如： When I woke up, it had stopped raing. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去”） 2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。例如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底为止，他已经在这个工厂工作了20年。（到去年年底为止已工作了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能） 三.过去完成时的判断依据 1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1）by +过去的时间点，例如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 到昨天晚上九点钟为止，我已经读完了这本小说。 （2）by the end of +过去的时间点，例如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了两千多单词。 （3）before +过去的时间点，例如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在xx之前，他们已经植了六百棵树。 2.由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指在过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。例如： She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她之前看过这部电影。 （2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。例如：
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
初中英语句子翻译精选-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
初中英语句子翻译精选 根据所给中文完成句子翻译。 1．下次你应该早点儿来这儿。． 2．你最好不要单独去游泳。 . 3．让我们开始讨论这个难题吧。 . 4．这箱子太重，这小孩搬不动。 . 5．每天我父亲去上班需要一个半小时。 . 6．瞧!树下有一位老人正在观看孩子们玩游戏。 . 7．我感到这个问题很难回答。 . 8．虽然他们个子不太高，人也不太强壮，但他们是一支很好的队伍。 ． 9．你的英语学习情况怎样 10．当我们到达火车站时，火车已开走了。 . 11．这位老人已当了30多年英语老师了。 . 12．她脸色显得很焦急，因为她妈妈已病了些时候了。 . 13．中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。 . 14．如果你不理解这篇课文，可以请教老师。 . 15．这两种语言有什么差异 16．为了将来更好地为人民服务，我们学习非常刻苦。 . 17．据说城里又建造了一所医院。 . 18．据说今天下午开班会，但你最好去证实一下。 . 19．她宁愿和我们一道去也不愿呆在家里。．20．星期天我宁愿看书也不愿玩。 . 21．这颗新星是一位中国科学家发现的。．22．他给我们提供了一条有用的信息。 . 23．请立刻给我带两瓶牛奶来吧。． 24．你们最好不要在大街上踢足球。 25．他已被派到西藏(Tibet)工作去了吗 26．教育上已取得了很大的成绩。． 27．不要嘲笑那些遇到麻烦的人。 28．我把窗户关上你不介意吧 29．做完作业后，他又接着给父母写了一封信。．30．他用了三周时间看完了这本书。．31．不要躺在床上看电视，这对你的眼睛有害。 . 32．从那以后我不再是个学生了。． 33．我朋友因唱歌而出了名。． 34．你吃得越多，长得越胖。 35．他告诉了我，我才知道这件事。． 36．你能告诉我从上海到北京乘火车需要多长时间吗 37．从北京到上海的单程票价是多少 38．我不仅会说英语，而且会说法语。 39．他给我们讲了那么多有趣的故事，我们都哈哈大笑。 . 40．那城市的变化使他们感到惊奇。 41．他们对你们的工作评价很高。． 42．如今，人们彼此间仍旧做着相同的事。．43．使我吃惊的是，最后他考试及格了。
初中英语时态专题八：过去完成时（Word版） 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生 或完成了的动作，即 “过去的过去”。 二、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 eg.1 When I got to school, the bell had rung. eg.2 By the time I got home ,my little brother had gone to bed. eg.3 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 三、过去完成时的用法 用法1：过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。 1.他说他以前见过你。 He said that he (see) you before. 2.我出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了。 By the time I got outside, the bus （leave）. 用法2：过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。 By six o'clock they (work)for eight hours. 2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。 When I came to GangZhou , he (be) there for a long time. 用法3. 过去完成时和already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。 1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。 He told me that his team already (win). 2. 她说她仍没去过长城。 She said that she (not be to) the Great Wall yet. 用法4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.