考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
T e x t1
为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。还有什么能比这个更合理？
下面是更明显的合理性。下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。确实，这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”，条件是积极地找工作；这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系，一周71,70英镑，没有补贴没有保险。
Text2
世界各地，律师比其他职业的人得到更多的不友好的眼光——记者除外。但是，世界上很少有国家像美国那样委托人有会如此多的抱怨。
在经济危机前的两年里，法律服务的花费的增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍。最好的律师赚了能填满摩天大楼的钱，吸引更多的学生扎堆进入法律学校。但是大多数的法律毕业生从没得到大公司的工作。他们中的很多成为一种让人讨厌的诉讼文员，使侵权系统变为花费昂贵的恶梦。
对此是有很多原因的。其中一个是法律教育的过高的成本。在美国大多数州的律师来说只有一条路可以选择：一个四年的与法律无关的本科学历，然后是在200个法律学校中的一个得到三年的法律证书，这些学校是被美国法律协会授权的，并且在进入之前还要通过一个昂贵的预备考试。这为当今的法律学校的每个学生带来一个平均为10万美元的债务，这是所有专业大学生中最高的
债务。法律学校的债务意味着其许多的学生不能进入政府和非营利性性组织工作，因此他们不得不极度努力地工作。
改革这个体系将会对律师及其委托人都有好处。明智的想法已经存在一段时间了，但是在国家层面上会体现出，控制这个专业太过守旧，以至于无法实行。一个观点是允许大学生学习法律作为本科文凭。还有一个是在法律学校学习两年后就允许其参加法庭。如果这法律考试对于那些准律师来说是足够严厉的话，那些可以提前参加考试的人就该被允许那样做。那些不需要额外训练的学生就可以减少其三分之一的债务。
花费如此高的另一个原因就是商业的限制性的所有制结构。除了哥伦比亚区，非律师可能不被允许持有法律公司的股份。这使得佣金居高不下，而且革新非常缓慢。在业内进行改革是有压力的，但是监管者中的改革反对者坚持认为禁止外部人员进入法律公司将律师从赚钱的压力中隔离出来，并且能在道德上为顾客服务。
实际上，允许非律师持有法律公司的股份能够减少成本并提升对客户的服务，具体可以通过鼓励法律公司运用科技，雇佣职业管理者重点提升公司的效率。毕竟，澳大利亚和英国等国已经自由化了它们的法律行业。美国也应紧随其后。
Text3
美国的这个300万的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验，当AlexanderPolyakov在今年领奖的时候如此说道。而这样奖项不仅仅只有一种。科学杂志的一篇新闻特辑这样评论，近些年来，颁发给研究者的一系列的合算的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的阵营，诺贝尔奖不再孤独。许多像基础物理学奖这样的奖项是有网络巨头建立的，他们庞大的银行账户就是这些奖项的保证。科学杂志说，这些捐助者在他们自己的领域里取得了成功，他们想用自己的财富吸引公众对那些在科学领域有成就的人的注意力。
这有什么是让人不喜欢的呢？根据新闻特辑里引证的少数科学家来看，确实有许多让人不能欣赏的地方。就像谚语所说的：等级是买不到的，那些有钱的企业家给他们的奖项买不到诺贝尔奖的威望。科学家们说，些新的奖项是它们背后创办者实施的一种自我推销。Thewardsareanexerciseinself-promoteforthosebehindthem.对自我推销的一种实施——实施的一种自我推销，them指wards，self-promote自我推销，不是自我提升/激励。这些奖项可能会扭曲以成就为基础的同业审查指引研究工作系统。这巩固了同业审查研究的现状。他们并没有资助同业审查研究。他们使孤独天才的神话长存。
这些奖项的发放者的目标像对他们的评论一样分散。有的是想引起震惊，有的是想将人们的注意力引导科学上，或者是想要更好地奖励那些投入考研事业的人。
就像科学杂志之前指出的，应该对新旧奖项如何发放有的合理关注。近年来为生命科学方面设立的突破奖，对生命科学包括什么持有的观点是不具代表性的。而对于诺贝尔奖，他们的基金设立的每个奖项最多三个获奖者的限制——获奖者必须还活着——已经无法容纳因研究的合作性质导致的增长的人数，有这样一个事例可以说明问题：在确定希格斯玻色子的发现的贡献时，要忽略谁——这是一个无法避免的争论。当然像诺贝尔一类的奖是由富有的个人建立的，他们自己决定如何使用自己钱。是时间而不是建立者的意愿让这些奖项合理。
随着越来越多的科学家对新的奖项有说辞，有两件事变得清晰。第一，大多数研究者在被授予这样一个奖项时，他们是愿意接受的。第二，资金和注意力流向科学而不是其他地方确实是一件好事。批评和质疑这些机制并没有什么不对——毕竟这是研究领域的一种习俗——但是要知道这是奖项设立者自己出钱的，而且他们是乐意这样做的。聪明的做法就是以感激之心和荣誉之情接受这样的奖项。
Text4
美国艺术与科学研究院（AAAS）最近发布的报告“问题之核心”肯定了人文学科和社会科学对于美国自由民主政治繁荣和安全的重要性，值得被表扬。但是遗憾的是，这篇报告并没有指出普通教育所面临危机的真正性质，这导致的危害会大于其带来的益处。
在2010年，领导的国会民主党和共和党寄给AAAS一封信，询问那些确定可以由“联邦，州和地区政府，大学，基金，教育者，个人捐献者和其他人”承担的，“保持国家在人文科学，社会科学的学问和教育方面的优秀特质”的行动。作为回应，美国研究院建立了一个关于人文和社会科学的委员会。委员会的这51个成员中有一流大学的校长，学者，律师，法官以及商业经理人，同时还有外交界的主要人物，电影制片人，音乐家和记者。
这份报告所确立的目标是值得称赞的。因为代议政府以市民的消息灵通为前提，报告支持完全地读写能力；强调对历史和政体的学习，尤其是美国历史和美国政体；而且鼓励对新的数字技术的应用。为了鼓励创新和提升竞争，这份报告提倡增加对研究的投资，要求清晰的能提升学生在21世纪的问题解决能力和沟通效率这些技能的课程，号召提高对教师的经费支持并鼓励学者们将他们的研究瞄准当今世界上的重要挑战。这个报告还提倡加强对外语，外国事务的学习，同时扩张对外国项目的学习。
不幸的是，尽管已经实施了两年半，而“问题之核心”从来没抓住问题的核心：我们主要的大学的通识教育是狭隘的本性。委员会忽略了事实的，在过去的几十年里，美国的学院和大学并没有真正教给学生通识教育的内容和特性，所以他们也无法从中得到好处。可悲的是，探寻的精神已经清楚的知道，校园已经被人文科学和社会科学的实用所代替，成为了发表“进步”的机器，或者是左翼的宣传基地。
当今，教授还是那老一套，将先进的历史解释和公众政治视为研究的主要科目，而将保守的，经典的通识教育知识——比如，自由市场，自立精神——排除在他们的日常工作中，甚至有的是不在法律要求之中，不在知识调查研究之中。
AAAS对通识教育表现出极高的热情。然而这篇报道可能会推迟这项改革，国会要求他们表明的挑战的深度和广度被遮蔽了。
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
考研英语阅读 （1） To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。”现在，就有这样一个运动正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的
年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”
Text 1 ①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. ① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are". ①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 全文翻译： 在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” 现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。 Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. 对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些 注：to the punch的英文解释为to the first blow or to decisive action ― usually used with beat 所以这里翻译为“先下手为强”或“抢占先机”。 The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of th ree, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling. 前面提到的Bilski案例涉及到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. 联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的
2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
2008 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。 1.1 sphere英/sf??/ 美/sf?r/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形 1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/?nd?'za??r?b(?)l/ 美/,?nd?'za??r?bl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的 1.4 category英/'k?t?g(?)r?/ 美/'k?t?ɡ?ri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴 2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。" 2.1 susceptible英/s?'sept?b(?)l/ 美/s?'s?pt?bl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的 2.2 depression英/d?'pre?(?)n/ 美/d?'pr???n/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区 2.3 disorders英美/d?s'?rd?/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍 2.4 psychiatrist英/sa?'ka??tr?st/ 美/sa?'ka??tr?st/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生 2.5 veteran英/'vet(?)r(?)n/美/'v?t?r?n/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的 2.6 administration英/?dm?n?'stre??(?)n/ 美/?d,m?n?'stre??n/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 2 1、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。 1.1 hormone英/'h??m??n/ 美/'h?rmon/n. [生理] 激素，荷尔蒙 1.2 trigger英/'tr?g?/美/'tr?ɡ?/n. 扳机；[电子] 触发器；制滑机vt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄 2、In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. 在几项研究中，当将处于压力状态下的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性生殖器官）被摘除，他们产生的化学物质就变得和雄鼠一样多。 2.1 ovaries英/??v?r?z/ 美/ov?r?z/n. [解剖] 卵巢，[植] 子房（ovary复数形式） 2.2 reproductive英/,ri?pr?'d?kt?v/ 美/,ripr?'d?kt?v/adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的 2.3 organ英/'??g(?)n/ 美/'?rɡ?n/n. [生物] 器官；机构；风琴；管风琴；嗓音 Paragraph 3 1、Adding to a woman`s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It`s not necessarily that women don`t cope as well. It`s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. 此外，使女性处于压力状态下的化学物质增多的另一个原因是她们面对压力的机会增多。叶沪德博士说，"这并不是说女性做事不如男性做得那样好，只是因为她们要做的事儿太多。" 1.1 dose英/d??s/ 美/dos/n. 剂量；一剂，一服vt. 给药；给…服药vi. 服药 1.2 cope英/k??p/ 美/kop/n. 长袍vi. 处理；对付；竞争 2、“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men`s,” she observes, “it`s just that they`re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”他说，"女性对压力的耐受力甚至超过了男性，只是因为她们要处理太多的事务，她们才更快更明显地变得筋疲力尽。" 2.1 observe英/?b'z??v/ 美/?b'z?v/vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vt. 庆祝vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论worn out疲惫不堪的；耗尽的