美国的地理气候：美国本土位于北温带，介于北纬25度至49度之间，大部分地区属温带和亚热带，气候和降水比较适宜，降水与地下水均十分丰富，有利于工农业生产的发展，可谓得天独厚。仅佛罗里达半岛南端属热带；阿拉斯加州位于北纬60至70度之间，属北极圈内的寒冷气候区；夏威夷州位于北回归线以南，属热带。
由于幅员辽阔，地形复杂，并受不同气流的影响，各地的气候差别很大：当佛罗里达半岛已是百花齐放的季节时，北部的五大湖区还处于寒冷之中。
东南部属亚热带季风性湿润气候
东北部沿海和五大湖地区属温带大陆性气候，
中部中央平原的气候基本上也属温带大陆性气候，冬季寒冷，夏季炎热，气温较高，湿度大
太平洋沿岸北部属温带海洋性气候区，冬暖夏凉，雨量充沛，1月份平均气温在4℃以上，8月份平均气温不越过22℃。年平均降水量为1300毫米-1500毫米。
干燥的西部高原的年温差高达25℃，山岳地区山势越高气候越低
美国的气候条件比较优越，大部分地区有利于农作物的生长。但自然灾害也时有发生
种族特点：美国是全球最大的移民国家，每年均有超过100万人移民美国目前这些移民或移民的后代主要居住在加利福尼亚州、纽约州、佛罗里达州、得克萨斯州、新泽西州和伊利诺伊州，，，美国的种族构成是：白人80.1%、拉美裔15.1%、非洲裔12.8%、亚裔4.4%、印地安人及阿拉斯加土著民1.0%、夏威夷土著民及太平洋岛民0.2%、两个以上种族（多种族）1.6%。其中美国黑人、拉美裔和亚裔等少数族裔总人口已达到1.007亿
2、莎士比亚，英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。
莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（英：Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello）、《李尔王》（英：
King Lear）、（英：Mac Beth）。著名喜剧：、、、
（《As you like it》）。历史剧：、、。正剧、悲喜剧：《罗密欧
与朱丽叶》。还写过154“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。虽然莎士比亚只用英文写作，但他却是世界著名作家。他的大部分作品都已被译成多种文字，其剧作也在许多国家上演。儒略历1616年4月23日（公历1616年5月3日）病逝，出生日期与逝世日期恰好相同。莎士比亚和意大利著名数学家、物理学家、天文学家和哲学家、近
“莎翁”。初中选文《威尼斯商人》，高中选文《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶（节选）》。第二时期:1601～1607年以悲剧为主，写了3部罗马剧、5部悲剧和3部“阴暗的喜剧”或“问题剧”。这一时期的作品：1601 哈姆雷特Hamlet,Prince of Denmark 1602 特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达Troilus and Cressida 终成眷属All's well that ends well 1604 一报还一报Measure for measure 奥塞罗Othello,the Moore of Venice 1605 李尔王King Lear 麦克白The tragedy of Macbeth 1606 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉Antony and Cleopatra 1607 科利奥兰纳斯The tragedy
of Coriolanus 雅典的泰门Timons of Athens 1608 莎士比亚简介与生平威廉·莎士比亚（1564--1616）是文艺复兴时期欧洲文学最杰出的代表，一生共创作了37部戏剧、2部长诗和154首十四行诗。其创作广泛地反映了当时的英国的政治、经济、思想、文化、风俗、习惯。本·琼生称他为“时代的灵魂”。他的戏剧在欧洲戏剧发展史或文学发展史上占据重要地位。莎氏在35岁前的剧作，已被大家们称赞为“无与伦比”，能与古代第一流戏剧诗人们并称。1564年4月23日出生于沃里克郡艾汶河上的斯特拉特福镇。他父亲是镇长。威廉是长子，曾被送到当地的文法学校学习拉丁文和古代历史、哲学、诗歌、逻辑、修辞等。13、14岁时，家道中落，可能曾辍学帮助父亲料理生意。与比她大六岁的妻子结婚，之后儿女相继夭折，1585-1587年间莎士比亚离开故乡去到伦敦。之后写剧本，后同他人合建了环球剧场，以后他的戏剧作品主要在此公演。1608到1611年，是他创作的晚期。开始转向传奇剧的写作。1613年左右从伦敦回到家乡。莎士比亚一生中的最后几年，大部分是在故乡度过的。1616年4月23日逝世，25日，他的遗体埋葬在斯特拉福圣三一教堂的祭坛下面。
：3、美国被称为民族大熔炉的原因
美国土著为印第安人,而北美为英殖民地时是放逐囚犯和黑奴的地方,随着18世纪宣告独立,以及后来的西部淘荒时代和19世纪的淘金热,吸引世界各地的人前往谋生.以此形成了几乎世界各民族的混合聚集,然后相互融合接受,出现了取各地之所长的美国文化,而其具有的强大的吸收能力始终吸纳消化来自世界的文化,所以用大熔炉来形容美国实在形象!
4、英国气候特点:英国属温带海洋性气候，全年温和湿润。位于大西洋东岸，受北大西洋暖流影响且常年受西风带控制，降水较多且均匀。英国处于欧洲西部，大西洋东岸，为典型的温带海洋性气候。
英国民族特点英国人注意服装,穿着要因时而异。性格孤僻,生活刻板,办事认真，他们保守、冷漠，感情轻意不外露,忍耐力强，有礼貌，尊重妇女，时间观念很强,饮宴,在以俭朴为主。尊重隐私，表达直接，遵守公共秩序。格格不入的孤傲特质，守旧而不愿接受新生事物，讲究文明用语和礼貌的好习惯，酷爱独居和个人自由的天性，感情不外露的冷淡和缄默，自我嘲笑的幽默。
5.撒切尔夫人的功绩及对英国的影响：
撒、玛格丽特·希尔达·撒切尔，她是英国保守党第一位女领袖，也是英国历史上第一位女首相，创造了蝉联三届，任期长达11年之久的记录女首相。若只以连续而单一的任期计算，则是自19世纪初叶利物浦勋爵以来任职时间最长的英国首相。她是英国历史上第一个以其所推行的一套政策而被冠之以“主义”和"革命“的首相，也是20世纪最优秀的首相之一。
社会评价：她分裂了英国但是，她的评价在英国社会中十分之两极化，其对于英国的贡献也存在了高度的争议，很多人认为她是个十分自负的独裁者。军事鹰派：对于玛格丽特·撒
切尔是一个不愿妥协的人。导致北爱尔兰大骚动的时期遭到拖长，尽管英国与爱尔兰政府签订了《英爱协议》，但也无济于事。让人爱恨交加的人：英国人对撒切尔爱恨交加，但世界上其他国家的人大部分对撒切尔都非常尊重，尤其是在不少国家的女性心中，撒切尔是20世纪最杰出的女性之一，她证明了女人不但可以做到男人做的事，而且可以完成男人无法做到的事。直到现在，当英国论坛上讨论撒切尔的功过得失时，仍有人明褒暗贬“有得就有失，有功就会有过。作为一个女领导人，还是非常值得钦佩的。” 社会影响;撒切尔带来的不仅是英国人社会的分裂，还有英国人思想的分裂。支持者认为她带领英国走出了经济困境、提高了英国的国际地位；反对者认为她就是一个不折不扣的独裁者、自大狂、几乎毁掉了英国的福利制度。
6.华盛顿的功绩及对美国的影响：领导美国独立战争并取得最后的胜利
2、主持并制定美国第一部宪法，创立联邦、三权分立政体
3、担任两届总统，恢复美国经济，创立总统否决制，建立内阁，创立联邦银行
4、不当终生制总统，为美国总统连任不得超过两届的传统树立榜样
对美国的影响：1，他在美国独立战争中是一位成功的军事领袖。2，华盛顿是立宪会议主席。虽然他的思想对美国宪法的形成没有起重要的作用，但是他的支持者和他的名望对各州批准这部宪法却起了重大的作用。当时有一股强大的力量在反对新宪法，要不是华盛顿的影响，很难说这部宪法能实行得了。3，，华盛顿是美国第一任总统。美国有一位华盛顿这样德才兼备的人作为第一任总统是幸运的。翻开南美和非洲各国的历史，我们可以看到即使是一个以民主宪法为伊始的新国家，堕落成为军事专制国家也是易如反掌。华盛顿是一位坚定的领袖，他保持了国家的统一，但是却无永远把持政权的野心，既不想做国王，又不想当独裁者。他开创了主动让权的先例——一个至今美国仍然奉行的先例。，乔治·华盛顿缺乏创新的精神和深刻的思想。但是他比所有这些雄才大略的人物都重要得多，无论在战争还是和平期间，他在行政领导方面都起着至关重要的作用，没有他任何政治运动都不会达到目的。对美国的形成，华盛顿的贡献几乎可以说是不可缺少的。
由于他扮演了美国独立战争和建国中最重要的角色，华盛顿通常被称为美国国父。学者们则将他和亚伯拉罕·林肯并列为美国历史上最伟大的总统。
I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.doczj.com/doc/f29873626.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
学院 专业班级 学 号 姓 名 教室 号 座位 号 . ———— 装 —————订 — ————线——————外——————不——————要——————答 — ———— 题 — ——— ( 第 1 页， 共6 页 ) 页 ) ( 第 2 页， 共 6 页 ) 湖南涉外经济学院2016-2017学年度第 一 学期期末课程 《英语国家概况》考察试卷 专业年级： 2014级商英本科 考核方式：闭卷 考试时量：90分钟 试卷类型： 题 号 一 合计 复核人 应得分 100 实得分 得分 评卷人 复核人 I.You are required to interpret the following terms.（10X5′） One Standard English Two Magna Carta Three The Reformation Four The Seperation of Three Powers Five Thatcherism Six Critical Realism Eight Thanksgiving Day Nine the Lost Generation Ten Industial Revolution II You are required to answer the following questions.(5X10) 1. How does the english language develops into a universal lingua franca? 2. What is the British Empire? 3. What do we know about the Renaissance? 4. Why is American regarded as a “nation of immigrants ”? 5. What is your understanding of “checks and balance ”?
第7章工业革命、美国独立战争和法国革命 7.1 复习笔记 I. The American Revolution II. The French Revolution III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution IV. The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences 1. The Industrial Revolution 2. Its Consequences I. The American Revolution (美国独立战争) 1. The Navigation Acts (passed in 1651) were intended to increase the prosperity of English merchants and ship builders. 1651年通过了《航海条例》，有利于英国商人和轮船制造者的发展。 2. The process (过程) ①The war broke out in April 1775. ②In October, 1777, the American army won a great battle at Saratoga, which was a turning point. ③By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
①战争开始于1775年4月。 ②1777年10月，美国军队取得萨拉托加大捷，这是美国独立战争的转折点。 ③1783年《巴黎和约》，英国承认了美国的独立。 II. The French Revolution (法国革命) 1. The French Revolution broke out in 1789 and Thomas Paine published “The Rights of Man”. 2. In 1793 Britain became the chief leader of a military alliance with Austria and Prussia against revolutionary France. 3. The allies met at the Congress of Vienna and fought for the spoils of victory. England obtained Ceylon, the-Cape of Good Hope, and a number of Spanish, Dutch and French colonies. 1. 1789年，法国革命爆发，潘恩发表《人权宣言》。 2. 1793年，英国联合澳大利亚和普鲁士，反对法国革命。 3. 盟国在维也纳分赃会议上瓜分胜利品。英国得到锡兰，好望角，以及西班牙，荷兰和法国的殖民地。 III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution (工业革命的必要条件) 1. The conditions for the Industrial Revolution : ①the accumulation of capital; ②the development of capitalist farming and the appearance of a labor reserve; ③the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign. 2. Britain’s population grew fast in this period and the people were skilled in
英语国家概况（2）期末模拟试卷A ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin n 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D The Blue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden
上海海关学院 2011-2012学年第一学期期末考试试卷 《英美概论》A卷 考试时间：90分钟考试形式：闭卷 __________系_____级专业班姓名学号____________ 我承诺，遵守《上海海关学院考场规则》，诚信考试。考生签名：________________ I. You will be given fifteen American states and then match them with their corresponding number on the map. (2% x15=30%) ３0%)
1.Which invasion laid the foundation for English nation to be formed? A.Romans B. Anglo-Saxons C. Danes D. Normans 2. General election in the UK is held every____ years. A.2 B.3 C. 5. D.6 3. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 4. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 5.Which of the following is a holiday celebrated on November 5th in the UK and used to commemorate a plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605? A. First Footing B.Guy Fawk's Day C. Queen’s Birthday 6. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 7..Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____. A. Maine B. Massachusetts C. Connecticut 8.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____. A. Maryland B. South Carolina C. Delaware D. Colorado 9.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774. A. Philadelphia B. Boston C. New York 10. Britain is basically an importer of _____. A. food B. raw materials C. manufactures D. both A and B 11. All of the following events are related to Henry VIII except: A. establishment of Church of England B. legal union of England and Wales C. beating Spanish Armada 12. Grand Canyon is in the state of ____. A. Arizona B. Utah C.Colorado 13. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England. A. The Constitutional Monarchy B. All Estates Parliament C. House of Lancaster 14. England first became a sea power in the time of _____. A. Henry VII B. Elizabeth I C. Victoria 15. The Victorian Age began when the _____ was over. A. Edwardian Age B. Georgian Age C. Elizabethan Age 16. Public schools in the UK belong to the category of the _____ schools. A. state B. independent C. local 17. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____ school. A. grammar B. technical C. secondary modern 18. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
内蒙古广播电视大学2010-2011学年度 第二学期《英语国家概况1》期末试题 ⅠThere are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 1.The following were the founding fathers of the AmericanRepublic except _____. A Thomas Jefferson B George Washington C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin 2.Which of the following statement was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, _____. A each new state had its own government B each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs C the national government was called the Congress with little power D the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined 3.Service industry does not include ____. A banking B management consultation C airline D steelmaking 4.Three of the following authors were Nobel Prize winner except _____. A Ernest Hemingway B Eugene O’Neill C William Faulkner D F. Scott Fitzgerald 5. ____ invented the telephone. A Samuel R.B. Morse B Alexander Graham Bell C Thomas Alva Edison D Reginald Fessenden 6.The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ____. A The Appalachian Mountains B The Rocky Mountains C The Green Mountains D TheBlue Ridge Mountains 7.Both public and private universities in the U.S. depend on the following sources of income except____. A investment B student tuition C endowments D government funding 8.____ was NOT written by Hemingway? A Light in August B The Sun Also Rises C A farewell to Arms D For Whom the Bell Tolls 9.In the United States school system, which of the following divisions is true? A Elementary school, grammar school B Elementary school, junior high school C Elementary school, secondary school D junior high school, senior high school 10.Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? A bribery B tax evasion C false advertising D robbery 11.Which of the following was written by Thoreau? A Nature B Walden C The Scarlet Letter D The Fall of the House Usher 密 封 线 内 不 要 写 参 考 内 容 《英语国家概况1》第1页 共6页 《英语国家概况1》第2页 共6页
The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets
湖州职业技术学院2012---2013学年第二学期 商务英语12级《英语国家概况》期末考查试卷（答案） 特别提示： 诚信是一个学生的良好品德，本次考试保证不以任何形式作弊，你如确认， 请在下面内□打“√”。□同意□不同意 (1)__The White House____ (2)____ Sydney Opera House_____ (3)__The Statue of Liberty_ (4)__bald eagle __ (5)___William Shakespear___ (6)___Stonehenge ___ Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F) (20%,2 points for each one) 1.In Britain, all children enjoy a nine-year compulsory education. ____F___ 2.In the USA, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is the entrance examination to college. ___T___ 3.Britain’s most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge. ___T____ 4.The author of the Harry Potter books is an American. ___F____ 5. The great 19th-century novelist Sir Walter named this period as the Battle of Naseby, which lasted for about 30 years. ___F____ 6. By an Act of 1791 Upper Canada (French) and Lower Canada (British) were created. ___F____ 7. The federal system of the USA consists of three branches: parliament, president and the Supreme Court. ____F___ 8. The American president is elected every four years to a four-year term, and no more than two full terms are allowed. ____T____ 9. In the UK, Oxford is the oldest university in the high education system. ____T____ 10. New Zealand has a parliamentary system of government closely patterned on that of the United Kingdom and is a fully independent member of the Commonwealth. It has a written constitution. ____F___ Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.(12%,1 point for each blank) 1.The full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain__and ___Northern Ireland__. 2.The US currency is __American dollar____. 3.The previous party in power of the USA is ______Democratic Party___. 4.The government of the UK is constitutional monarch, in which the Queen is regarded as __the Head of State_, and the __Prime Minister__is the head of government. 5.The biggest religion in the USA is ___Christianity__. 6.Known as the “__melting pot__”, the United States is another typical multi-racial country, with a population of 303 million, about 13.3% of which are African Americans, 12.5% Hispanics… 7.__Governor-General ___is officially the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, and acts only on the advice of the Canadian prime minister. 8.In Canada, the Bill, which need three times reading and discuss, is sent to the Senate and becomes the law. 9.In British high education, students always ask themselves “What do you think?” or “What do you know?” They respectively represent the educational idea of _Oxford_ and __Cambridge_.