成人高等教育学士学位英语水平考试大纲
一、考试性质
成人高等教育学士学位英语水平考试是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试，其目的是为了客观地测试成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力，考查其是否达到普通本科教育英语教学的一般要求。
二、考试要求
成人高等教育学士学位英语水平考试要求考生能够较熟练地掌握英语基本语法和常用词汇，具有较强的阅读能力和综合运用能力。考生在运用能力方面应分别达到以下要求：（一）会话
能够使用英语进行日常会话交流，根据对话的情景、场合、人物关系、身份和讲话人的意图及话语含义做出正确判断和用语选择，并能理解常见的英语口语的习惯用法。
（二）阅读
能够综合运用英语知识和基本阅读技能，读懂难度适中的一般性题材（经济、社会、政法、历史、科普、管理等）和体裁（记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等）的英语文章。阅读速度达到每分钟80个词。具体要求为：
1. 能够掌握文章的中心思想、主要内容和细节；
2. 具备根据上下文把握词义的能力，理解上下文的逻辑关系；
3. 能够根据所读材料进行一定的推论；
4. 能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出一般的分析和判断。
（三）词汇
掌握本考试大纲所规定的英语词汇、常用词组、常用词缀，并在阅读、写作等过程中具有相应的应用能力，即：
1. 领会式掌握4500个单词和500个常用词组；
2. 复用式掌握2000个左右的常用单词和搭配以及200个左右的常用词组；
3. 掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词。
（四）语法
掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求能在阅读、写作等过程中正确运用这些知识，达到正确理解、获取信息及表达思想的目的。需要掌握的具体内容如下：
1. 名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；
2. 动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法；
3. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；
4. 常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法；
5. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；
6. 虚拟语气的构成及其用法；
7. 各类从句的构成及其用法；
8. 基本句型的结构及其用法；
9. 强调句型的结构及其用法；
10. 常用倒装句的结构及其用法。
（五）翻译
能够在不借助词典的情况下把一般难度、非专业性题材的英文句子或短文译成汉语，译文通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语法错误。英译汉的速度应达到每小时250词以上。
（六）写作
能够用英语撰写常见应用文，或能够按照所给提纲、情景或图表，说明或论述一般性的话题。所写短文要求主题明确，条理清楚，语言比较规范。
三、试卷结构
本考试试卷分试卷一和试卷二。试卷一为客观题，包括会话交际、阅读理解、词汇和语法、完形填空4个部分，考试时间为70分钟，满分为75分；试卷二为英译汉和短文写作，考试时间为50分钟，满分为25分。试卷一和试卷二考试时间共计120分钟，总分为100分。试卷各部分内容和结构如下：
第一部分会话交际
本部分包括两节，设以下两种题型，共10题。
A节为接续对话，共5题。考生将在每一题上读到一段不完整的对话，及用以完成这段对话的4个选择项。要求考生针对对话内容从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，使整个对话得以完成。
B节为对话理解，共5题。考生将在每一题上读到一段对话和一个针对对话内容的问题，之后将读到用以回答问题的4个选择项。要求考生从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
本部分满分为10分，每题1分。考试时间为10分钟。
第二部分阅读理解
本部分共有4篇短文，总长度为1200词左右。每篇文章后设5道题，共20题。考生须在理解文章的基础上从为每个问题提供的4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。本部分满分为40分，每题2分。考试时间为35分钟。
第三部分词汇和语法
本部分共设20道题，其中10题为词汇题，10题为语法题。每一题中有一个空白，要求考生在理解句意的基础上在4个选择项中选择一个最佳答案。本部分满分为10分，每题0.5分。考试时间为10分钟。
第四部分完形填空
本部分是一篇200～300词左右的一般性短文，短文中设10个空白，每个空白为一道题。考生须在理解短文意思的基础上从为每个空白提供的4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。本部分满分为10分，每题1分。考试时间为10分钟。
第五部分英译汉
本部分可以是一篇长度为120个左右英文词的短文，要求考生翻译全文；也可以是一个较长的段落，要求考生翻译其中带有下画线的5个句子。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。本部分满分为15分，考试时间为25分钟。
第六部分短文写作
本部分可要求考生写一篇常见的应用文，也可用提纲、情景或图表做提示，要求考生说明或论述一个一般性话题，文章长度不低于100个英文词。本部分满分为15分，考试时间
为30分钟。
四、试卷题型、题量、记分及答题时间
成人高等教育学士学位英语水平考试的题型、题量、记分及答题时间如下：
考试样卷
Paper One 试卷一
(65 minutes)
Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes, 10 points)
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.
1. Speaker A: Would you mind me sitting here?
Speaker B: ________
A. Yes, you may.
B. Of course, go ahead.
C. Well, you’d better not.
D. I’m afraid not.
2. Speaker A: Oh, John, nice to meet you here. How are you doing?
Speaker B: ________
A. Hi, I’m reading a newspaper.
B. Not bad. How about you?
C. Hi, how are you doing?
D. Just so so, I’m afraid.
3. Speaker A: You’re thinner than you once were, aren’t you?
Speaker B: ________
A. You bet I am.
B. Mind your own business.
C. It’s a pleasure of mine.
D. I like to hear this.
4. Speaker A: Bob, do you know you’ve got an A in the examination. Congratulations!
Speaker B: ________
A. Yes. It’s quite easy for me.
B. It’s very kind of you to say so.
C. Thank you for the good news.
D. Not at all, it’s nothing.
5. Speaker A: Well, it is time for boarding.
Speaker B: ________
A. Have a pleasant journey.
B. Have a nice party.
C.Nice to meet you.
D. Hope you’ll feel better.
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions:In this section, you will read 5 short conversations. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.
6. MAN: Is it OK if I drop in at the bank to get some cash?
WOMAN: You’ll miss the train unless you hurry.
QUESTION: What does the woman mean?
A. The man shouldn’t drop in at the bank.
B. The man won’t be able to get the cash.
C. The man must be quick in order to catch the train.
D. The man should take his timewaiting for the train.
7. WOMAN: How is your Grandma now?
MAN: We all think she should take it easy after her fall.
QUESTION: What does the man mean?
A. Grandma should be careful so as not to fall again.
B. Grandma had a fall, but she is all right now.
C. Grandma shouldn’t do so much work after her fall.
D. Grandma shouldn’t be blamed for her fall.
8. MAN: Would you like to have some ice-cream?
WOMAN: I wish I could, but I just can’t. I’m on a diet.
QUESTION: What do we learn about the woman?
A. She is in a big hurry.
B. She is trying to lose weight.
C. She can’t eat anything at the moment.
D. She never likes ice-cream.
9. MAN: Do you think I should get this book on computers?
WOMAN: Well, it seems way beyond you.
QUESTION: What does the woman think about the book?
A. It’s suitable for the man.
B. It’s unnecessary for the man.
C. It’s within the man’s reach.
D. It’s too difficult for the man.
10. WOMAN: The front door is not convenient for the disabled.
MAN: The door for wheelchairs is in the rear.
QUESTION: What does the man mean?
A. Wheelchairs areprovided at the rear door.
B. The front door is not for the disabled.
C. The disabled could use the rear door.
D. The rear door is as convenient as the front door.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.
Passage One
Book clubs are a great way to meet new friends or keep in touch with old ones, while keeping up on our reading and participating in lively and intellectually stimulating discussions. If you’re interested in starting a book club, you should consider the following options and recommendations.
Before recruiting, think carefully about how many people you want to participate and also what the cl ub’s focus will be. For example, some book clubs focus exclusively on fiction; others read nonfiction. Some are even more specific, focusing only on a particular type such as mysteries, science fiction, or romance. Others have a more flexible and open focus. All of these possibilities can make for a great club, but it is important to decide on a focus at the beginning so the guidelines will be clear to the group and potential member.
After setting the basic principles, recruitment can begin. Notify friends and family, advertise in the local newspaperand on bulletin boards in local stores, colleges, libraries, and bookstores. When enough people express interest, schedule a kick-off meeting during which decisions will be made about specific guidelines that will ensure the club runs smoothly. This meeting will need to establish where the group will meet (rotating homes or a public place such as a library or coffee shop); how often the group will meet, and on what day of the week and at what time; how long the meetings will be; how books will be chosen and by whom; who will lead the group (if anyone); and whether snacks will be served and if so, who will supply them. By the end of this meeting, these guidelines should be set and a book selection and date for the first official meeting should be finalized.
Planning and running a book club is not without challenges, but when a book club is run effectively, the experience can be extremely rewarding for everyone involved.
11．When starting a book club, one should first.
A．notify his friends and family
B．put an ad in a local newspaper
C．decide on the focus and size of the club
D．consider when and where the group will meet
12．According to Paragraph 2, the “focus” of a book club refers to.
A．funds B．locations
C．book types D．members
13．Which of the following would NOT be covered at the kick-off meeting?
A．Deciding on whether snacks will be served.
B．Discussing whether to appoint a leader.
C．Determiningthe club’s first selection.
D．Planning the club’s yearly budget.
14．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A．Starting a book club requires good planning.
B．A book club is a place to make new friends.
C．Starting one’s own book club is better than joining an existing one.
D．Smaller groups are better for a variety of reasons.
15．The best title for this passage could be“________”.
A．Book Clubs: A Great Way to Meet Old Friends
B．Book Club Planning: A Great Challenge
C．Five Steps to Recruit Members for a Book Club
D．Starting a Successful Book Club: A Guide
Passage Two
The Mayan (玛雅) Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s. The Maya were an intelligent, culturally rich people whose achievements were many. They had farms, beautiful palaces, and cities with many buildings. The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding. Knowledge about tools and farming, for instance, made their work easier and more productive.
The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun gods, and corn gods. The people built large temples to honor them. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was difficult for them to construct these cities, because they had no horses to carry the heavy stones they used to build with. Workers had to carry all of
the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.
Usually, only the priests lived in the cities. The other people lived in small villages in the forests. Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate structures in the cities. They lived in small huts with no windows. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.
Measuring time was important to the Maya, so the Mayan priests made a system to keep track of time, and they made a calendar in which the year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calendar was far more accurate than the European calendars of the time.
16. The Maya lived in Mexico ________.
A. shortly before the Spanish arrived
B. long before the Spanish arrived
C. at the same time as the Spanish
D. with the Spanish for thousands of years
17. Many Mayan cities and temples ________.
A. were constructed by the priests
B. were rebuilt several times
C. were built with heavy stones
D. were the miracles of god
18. Most Mayanpeople lived in.
A. beautiful cities
B. simple huts
C. primitive caves
D. stone temples
19. What can we learn about the Mayan calendar?
A. It was based on European calendars.
B. It was better than European calendars.
C. It was as accurate as European calendars.
D. It was copied by Europeans.
20. What is the main idea of this article?
A. The Mayan calendar was excellent.
B. The Maya were excellent farmers.
C. The Maya were intelligent people.
D. The Mayan cities were difficult to build.
Passage Three
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had a dmired a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.
As Graduation Day approached, the young man waited for signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young man’s name in gold. Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, “With all your money you give me a Bible?” He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.
When he arrived at his father’s house, sudden sadness and regre t filled his heart. He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words “PAID IN FULL”.
21．The best title for this passage could be “________”.
A．A Tragedy of Father and Son
B．A Loving Father
C．The Holy Bible
D．A Missed Gift
22．On the Graduation Day, what did the father give his son as a gift?
A．A Bible and a sports car.
B．A beautiful house.
C．A lot of money.
D．Some gold.
23．Before his father’s death, the young man ________.
A．learned a lot from his father
B．got what he had longed for
C．failed to understand his father
D．kept contact with his father
24．Which of the following statements is true?
A．The young man made fortunes by himself after graduation.
B．The young man was proud of his father.
C．The father thought his son didn’t deserve the sports car.
D．The f ather couldn’t afford the graduation gift.
25．It can be inferred from the passage that people________.
A．should visit their parents more often
B．should cherish what they already have
C．shouldn’t desire more than they deserve
D．should be grateful for whatever they are given
Passage Four
It is becoming more and more difficult to be sure that the food we eat is not actually harming us. We seem to get one food scare after another.
Several of these, recently, have concerned genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods. Although some experts tell us that these foods will do us no harm and that the concern about them is just speculative, other experts say that GM food is potentially very damaging to health.At the very best, the jury is still out on the matter.
In many countries, products which have been genetically modified are supposed to show this information on their labels, but now some of the large food producers are saying that it is growing increasingly difficult to separate GM food from the conventional varieties.
Pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemical fertilizers are also a cause of concern. In the last few years, a great many people have started to buy organic produce, although this is much more expensive than that which is grown using conventional methods. They do so in an effort to stop filling their bodies, and those of their children, with poisonous chemicals.
Thus there is an increased demand for organic food and this is not a temporary fashion. But some experts claim that organically grown food is no healthier than other food, because the poison level of the latter is not so high as to be harmful. Those who push for organic food may not be objective, but are part of the powerful food lobby, the chief concern of which is to increase organic food production with a corresponding increase in profits.
The use of additives (添加剂) is still another source of anxiety to consumers. These are often added to food to supposedly improve the colour or the flavour. However, it is thought that some of these may be the cause of allergies (过敏), or even the cause of behavioural problems in children.
We have to eat to live. The problem is: what is safe to eat?
26．What is people’s main concern about GM foods?
A．Some of them are not labeled with required information.
B．They might posehazar ds we don’t know yet.
C．They don’t have the same flavour as conventional foods.
D．The sowing of them will damage the environment.
27．What does the author mean by “the jury is still out on the matter” (Para. 2)?
A．The matter is still uncertain.
B．The matter needs a jury to judge.
C．The jury to judge is not available.
D．The matter is not important.
28．In Paragraph 5, the author tries to tell readers that .
A．experts agree that organic food is no healthier than other food
B．profit-makingmay be behind the drive to produce more organic food
C．the demand for organic food will not last long
D．organic food may also contain poisonous chemicals
29．It can be inferred from the last but one paragraph that food additives .
A．may be harmful to children in particular
B．are unnecessary in food production
C．are less poisonous than pesticides
D．do not improve the flavour
30．Which of the following best describes the author’s view about the food we eat?
A．Unclear.
B．Indifferent.
C．Optimistic.
D．Concerned.
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.
31. Villages have been built in ______ used to be part of a rainy forest.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. whether
32. This performance at the concert ______ her as a singer of exceptional ability.
A. founded
B. established
C. created
D. erected
33. The girl hurried back home, ______ find the door already locked.
A. yet to
B. only to
C. close to
D. next to
34. The funny look on his face _______ me of what had happened the other day.
A. reminded
B. taught
C. remembered
D. told
35. I’m afraid that ______ has read this book will not read it a second time.
A. no matter who
B. whoever
C. who
D. those who
36. Parents, without any exception, wish to see their child ______their expectations
A. face up to
B. stand up to
C. add up to
D. live up to
37. The Palace Museum, also ______ the Forbidden City, lies north of Tiananmen Square.
A. known for
B. known to
C. known by
D. known as
38. She is quite positive about the ______ of the potential market of this new invention.
A. outline
B. outlook
C. outlet
D. output
39. This young man accepted the offer, ______ to make a new start in his life.
A. hoping
B. hoped
C. hopes
D. to hope
40. Ahigh ______ of protein in the blood can be a serious health concern.
A. intensity
B. density
C. level
D. extent
41. On the train he met a girl who was the same age ______.
A. like his
B. as he
C. like him
D. as him
42. If ______ in the early stage, many types of cancer can be cured.
A. detected
B. dissolved
C. determined
D. displayed
43. She doesn’t look well today. She ______ herself recently.
A. must overwork
B. might overwork
C. should have overworked
D. must have overworked
44. Suffering from illness and ______, the old lady once attempted suicide.
A. possession
B. depression
C. impression
D. expression
45. These issues, although dealt with separately, are actually ______ the same nature.
A. in
B. of
C. by
D. from
46. Something is wrong with the computer. It won’t ______.
A. close down
B. settle down
C. cut down
D. shut down
47. The professor asked the students some questions, but ______ of them was willing to answer.
A. none
B. nobody
C. neither
D. all
48. The ______ of this suspension bridge claimed dozens of lives in an instant.
A. existence
B. departure
C. exploration
D. collapse
49. ______ to my surprise, the manager wasn’t mad at me about my mistake.
A. Very
B. Far
C. Much
D. Extremely
50. Mark needs to travel ________ with his varied business interests.
A. extensively
B. intensely
C. broadly
D. widely
Part IV Cloze Test(10 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanksin the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter
that indicates your choice.
Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to 51 even from
the high educational institutions.
In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, 52 at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation
grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which 53
more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have
risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health 54 , and professional salaries.
Living expenses on campus have also 55 . At the University of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal (自助餐) cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it’s $9. The US government often provides 56 assistance to students’lunch in primary
and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don’t 57 universities. Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants 58 campus.
To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments 59 universities and private sources have provided 60 for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering
30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.
51. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off
52. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition
53. A. attended B. covered C. contained D. composed
54. A. aids B. advantages C. benefits D. goods
55. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. looked up
56. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial
57. A. apply to B. fit into C. adjust to D. get into
58. A. in B. to C. off D. over
59. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as
60. A. solutions B. tips C. bonuses D. grants
Paper Two 试卷二
(55 minutes)
Part V Translation (25 minutes, 15 points)
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
In many Western countries, a considerable number of parents have removed their children from school and are teaching them at home. Such children do all their normal lessons at home, often under the guidance of a parent. The first thing to consider is whether this is legal or not. In most countries it is, so long as parents can prove that their children are receiving an adequate education, equal to that provided by their state educational system. The next consideration is whether the parents have the time, self-discipline, intelligence and patience to teach their own child week after week, day in and day out, for hours on end. Then there is the problem of what will be taught, and how.
在大部分西方国家，一部分家长们已经把他们的孩子从学校接出来，在家里教他们。这些孩子平常在父母的教导下在家里做他们的正常功课。首先需要指出的是这种做法是否合理。在大多数国家是这样的，家长们一直让他们的还在接受正式的教育，也就是说让他们接受系统的教育。其次父母们是否有足够的时间，精力，知识和耐心不分日夜的去教他们。另外一个问题是说什么和怎么说。
Part VI Writing(30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions:You are to write in no less than 100 words on the topic“What would you consider an ideal work environment?” You could base y our composition on the Chinese outline given below.
工作环境包括很多方面：空间、空气、温度、光线、噪音、设施、伙伴……
我想要的理想的工作环境是……
样卷参考答案
Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes, 10 points)
Section A
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
Section B
6．C 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 40 points)
11．C 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. A30. D
Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)
31．C 32．B 33．B 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．B 39．A 40. C 41．D 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．B 46．D 47．A 48．D 49．C 50. A
Part IV Cloze Test(10 minutes, 10 points)
51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. D
Part V Translation(25 minutes, 15 points)
参考译文
在很多西方国家，已有相当多的家长把孩子从学校带回家自己教。这些孩子通常是在一位家长的指导之下在家里学习所有的标准课程。让孩子在家上学首先要考虑的是这样做是否合法。在多数国家这是合法的，只要家长能证明孩子受到了足够的教育，且与国家教育体制提供的教育质量相当。其次要考虑的是家长是否有时间，有自制力，有学识，有耐心，可以周复一周、日复一日地一连几个小时教自己的孩子。然后的问题就是教什么、怎么教。
Part VI Writing(30 minutes, 15 points)
参考作文
What I would consider an ideal work environment
If possible, I would like to work in an office that comes with many pieces of modern equipment. At my desk, I can breathe the fresh air in the morning and enjoy the warm sunlight through the window in winter. Meanwhile, there is no factory around that produces noise and pollution. During the break, I can step down the stairs and take a walk in the garden surrounding the office building. Of course, I would like to walk with my friendly colleagues, those whom I can turn to when facing difficulties at work.
教师招聘考试试题综合A卷
教师招聘考试试题(综合)A卷 教师招聘考试试题(综合) A卷 一、选择题（25） 1、开展教育工作，首先需要（） A、确立教育目的 B、设计课程体系 C、加强德育工作 D、选择教学方法 2、教师提高研究技能的三种途径是（） A、自主、合作、探究 B、阅读、合作、行动研究 C、学习、讨论、创新 D、兴趣、发现、研讨 3、许多人利用早晚时间学习、记忆，其效果优于白天，这是因为早上和晚上所受的抑制的干扰是（） A、双重抑制 B、单一抑制 C、前摄抑制 D、倒摄抑制 4、“君子耻其言而过其行”翻译为白话文是“君子以她所说的超过她所做的为可耻”，这在当今仍具有强烈的教育意义。这句话出自（） A、《大学》 B、《中庸》 C《论语》 D《孟子》 5、所谓在教学时要“用一把钥匙开一把锁”，是指教师要有（） A、针对性 B、逻辑性 C、知识性 D、创造性 6、三角函数的值是（） A、一个分数 B、一个无理数 C、一个比值 D、一个正数 7、苏轼评价王维“诗中有画，画中有诗”，这一思维过程属于（） A、联想 B、幻想 C、理想 D、想象
8、课堂教学中，经常出现教师在学生不注意参与学习时突然加重语气或提高声调的现象，教师采用这种手段的目的是为了引起学生的（） A、有意注意 B、无意注意 C、兴趣 D、知觉 9、“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令而不从”，孔子这句名言体现出的德育方法是（） A、陶冶教育法 B、说服教育法 C、榜样示范教育法 D、实践锻炼教育法 10、“明日复明日，明日何其多？我生待明日，万事成蹉跎。”教师经常见这首诗鼓励学生珍惜时光，努力学习。这种行为属于意志品质的（） A、自觉性 B、果断性 C、坚持性 D、自制性 11、下列成语中没有错别字的是（） A、因地制宜举一反三声名狼籍怨天尤人 B、荼毒生灵为富不仁安然无恙变本加利 C、走投无路漫不经心川流不息千头万序 D、随机应变因材施教再接再厉相提并论 12、与“课外阅读是否影响课内学习？它对课内学习能否起促进作用？。”衔接最合理的是（） A、我们的回答是肯定的 B、我们的回答是否定的 C、这是需要认真探索的问题 D、这是谁都无法明确的问题 13、古人苏秦受辱而悬梁刺股，终成学业，恰好印证了“不愤不启，不悱不发”的 的名言，这说明人的情绪的两极（） A、是对立而不可调和的 B、因一定条件而互相转化 C、是具有社会性的，可有意识地调节和控制 D、是能够寻找到一个平衡点的
2017年11月北京成人学士学位英语考试真题及答案 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages In this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About million cases were treated in emergency department, and approximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death. (76) And the problem is getting more and more serious. “Older adult falls are increas ing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence,” said Dr. Tom Frieden. The fallsare preventable, Frieden stressed. He said individuals, families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend.
1. As is known to all, color-blind people often find it difficult to ________ between red and green. A.separate B. isolate C.contrast D. distinguish 2.Your advice would be ________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end. A.exceedingly B. excessively C.extensively D. exclusively 3.The government has planned to ________ new industries in areas of high unemployment. A.concentrate B. focus C.center D. direct 4.Since the issue was extremely _________ , we dealt with it immediately. A.resistant B. intense C.urgent D. instant 5.The epidemic (流行病) was made worse when top leaders tried to hide the ________ of the disaster and present its impact as slight. A.scale B. rank C.range D. Having spoken of 参考答案 1.D) 考查近义动词的语义及搭配用法。各选项的意思及用法是：选项A)separate使分开，区分，区别，常用结构是“separate A from B”。如：separate cause from effect区分因果关系;选项B)isolate使隔离，使孤立，常用于isolate…from结构中。如：Several towns have been isolated from the outside world by the flood.有好几个城镇因洪水与外界隔绝了。选项C)contrast对比，对照，常用于“contrast A with B”结构中。如：contrast Europe with America 将欧美两洲做一番比较;选项D)distinguish区分，辨别，常用于“distinguish A from B/distinguish between A and B”结构中。如：distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong明辨是非。根据题干中的介词及句意，可判断出选项D)应为正确答案。全句意思为“众所周知，色盲的人很难区分红色与绿色”。 2.A) 考查副词语义。各选项的意思分别是：选项A)exceedingly非常地，十分地;选项B)excessively过分地，过多地;选项C)extensively 广阔地，广大地，广泛地;选项D)exclusively独有地，独享地;排斥地。根据题意，不难判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句意思是“你的建议对他将非常有价值，他现在已智穷计尽”。 3.A)
2011年全国成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 北京地区 2011.11.05 注意事项 一、本场考试时间为上午9：00——11：00. 二、考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹签字笔填写自己的准考证号、姓名和学校，再 用2B铅笔把对应准考证号码的标号涂黑。 三、请考生仔细阅读题目的说明。 四、答案必须按要求写在答题卡规定的位置上，凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 五、答题时，PartⅠ至Part Ⅳ部分用2B铅笔按示例填涂，如：■[B][C][D]，用 其他符号答题者不记分。修改时，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定的答案，然后再按要求重 新作答。 六、PartⅤ部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，超出黑色矩 形边框区域的答案无效。 PartⅠReading Comprehension （30%） Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 ： Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage The reflective towers of New York City，which is on the Atlantic migrating （迁徙的）route ，can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass，”said https://www.doczj.com/doc/f68633120.html,urel，an architect.（76）“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.”About 90，000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often，they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds，after habitat（栖息地）loss，with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year. （77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade，so，too，have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council， a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings，will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process. There are no easy fixes，however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals，but they are still in their infancy. Covers，dot patterns，shades and net are the main options available. Often，only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don‘t necessarily have to treat every window，”https://www.doczj.com/doc/f68633120.html,urel said. “It would be too
教育学部分 教育与教育学一、教育的发展 1、教育的概念广义：凡是增进人们知识技能、影响人们思想观念的活动都是教育活动。 （包括社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育） 狭义：指以影响人的身心发展为直接目标的社会活动，主要指学校教育。 2、教育的三大因素教育者 受教育者 教育影响：教育活动的中介，包括教育内容、教育措施等。 （注：这里第三点紫色部分书上写的是“教育措施”最多出填空。） 3、教育的起源 a.教育生物起源说（利托尔诺、沛西·能） b.教育心理起源说（孟禄）【教育产生于儿童对成人无意识的模仿】 c.教育劳动起源说（凯洛夫） （三种起源要知道哪三种把人物对应上。一般选择或简答）。 2、文艺复兴后的欧洲教育【人文主义教育】代表人物：伊拉斯谟、莫尔、 蒙田和培根 其特征1、人本主义； 2、古典主义； 3、世俗性； 4、贵族型。 3、近代社会的教育 特征1、国家加强了对教育的重视和干预，公立教育崛起； 2、初等义务教育的普遍实施； 3、教育的世俗化； 4、重视教育立法，以法治教。 4、20世纪以后的世界教育1、教育终身化 （一般是简答、案例分析）2、教育全民化 3、教育民主化 4、教育多元化 5、教育技术现代化 二、教育学的发展 1、教育学的含义：教育学是一门以教育现象、教育问题为研究对象，探索教育规律的学科。（名词解释） 2、中国古代教育学思想 a.《学记》：世界第一部教育学书籍，诞生于战国后期，是中国 的教育学雏形（填空、选择） b. 孔子的教育思想——《论语》； c. 墨家的教育主张。 3、西方古代教育学思想1苏格拉底【产婆术】 2柏拉图【《理想国》，最早提倡“与学习与游戏”的人，重视早 期教育；男女平等接受教育；教育的最终目的是促使“灵
成人英语三级模拟试题及答案解析（1） 一、单选题 1、The news quickly spread through the village ______ the war had ended. A. which B. what C. that D. where 标准答案：c 2、We hurried to the station ______ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train. A. only to B. in order to C. so as to D. such as to 标准答案：a 3、I meant ______ you ，but I‘m afraid I forgot. A. ringing B. being ringing C. to ringing D. to ring 标准答案：b 4、We live in a time ______，more than ever before in history，people are moving A. what B. when C. which D. where 标准答案：b 5、Is there any possibility of getting the price______ further？ A. reduced B. reduce C. reducing D. be reduced 标准答案：a 6、_______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight.
(90 minutes) Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points; 15 minutes) Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. In no circumstances __________ a lie. A. you should tell B. shouldn't you tell C. you shouldn't tell D. should you tell 2.__________they managed to take from the tombs, there seemed to be no end to the valuable. A. What B. Which C. How much D. However much 3. The ten-page report may __________ one simple point: it ’s impractical to establish a chemical plant in that region with so many difficulties and oppositions. A. get down to B. come down to C. settle down D. take down 4. Don’ t do that again! You not only endangered yourself, but also put your friend __________. A. as a result B. at length C. at risk D. by mistake 5. “ Perhaps you should go home now. ” “ No, I __________ on staying here for a while longer. ” A. persist B. stick C. sit D. insist 6. __________ a major disaster will get us to realize that we can’ t go on destroying the rain forests of the world. A. Anything but B. Nothing but C. But that D. Everything hut 7. Wewent very often to Hyde Park __________ speakers addressed the passing crowds on different subjects. A. which B. where C. that D. for 8. The matter __________ you were arguing about last night had been settled. A. as B. that
2019年成人英语三级考试练习题及答案：完成对话Jack： ______ A. No, I don't think so. B. Let's mend them with a needle and a thread. C. Why don't you take them to the cobbler? D. Let's take them to the weaver. [答案]C 【精析】Milton说鞋子坏了，于是Jack建议他把它们拿到鞋匠那里去修补。A项是不同意别人的意见，D项的weaver是指织工，B项说自己拿针线修补，这不合情理。 Jeff： It is said that you are writing another book. What is the title and ______ Thomson： The title of the book is Human Nature and it will be published in October, 2006. A. what is the plot of this book? B. why is it a secret? C. when will it be out? D. where will it be published? [答案]C 【精析】(它什么时候出版?)Thomason回答的是书的名字和将要出版的日期。A项问的是书的情节，B项问为什么是个秘密，D项问的是在什么地方出版，所以这三项都不合题意。
Josie： Might I trouble you for a night? Justin： You ______ A. might indeed! B. may indeed! C. could indeed! D. certainly did! [答案]C 【精析】"Might I trouble you for a night?"的意思是：“我能够麻烦你一晚吗?”回答要用could。
成人高考学士学位英语 考试大纲 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
2015年成人高考学士学位英语考试大纲 成人高考学士学位考试非全国统一考试，考生专业课考试一般是在所属的学校进行，而非英语专业学士学位英语水平考试是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试，学位英语的考试目的是为了客观地测试非英语专业成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力，考查其是否达到普通本科教育非英语专业英语教学的一般要求，是各省市成人高等教育本科毕业生获得成人学士学位的必备条件之一。 学士学位英语水平考试要求考生能够较熟练地掌握英语基本语法和常用词汇，具有较强的阅读能力和综合运用能力。因目前该考试不是全国统考，各省关于考试没有统一规定，各省学位办与考生所在院校规定教材大纲、报名条件、报名及考试时间、成绩有效期、考试次数，请考生以当地学位办或所在院校公布的文件为准。 1：报名条件 学位英语考试报名对象主要为在校成人本科生；已毕业学生在校期间未通过该考试的，毕业后一年内可以报名参加考试；网络教育（远程教育）和成人教育（继续教育）、电大部分专业的学员。 2：报名地点及费用 一般情况下，在哪个学校读本科、申请学士学位，就在哪个学校报名参加学位英语统一考试。成人高等教育本科毕业生外语统一考试不是全国统考，所以各省市收费标准不同。 3：报名及考试时间 学位英语考试不是全国统考，各省报名及考试时间不同。各地区报名时间一般为当次考试前两个月，考试时间以当地学位办或考生所在院校公布的报名通知为准。 4：考试大纲 山东学位英语考试采用山东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试大纲(试行)，一般学位英语考试内容包括以下几种题型：分别是完成对话、阅读理解、词语与语法、挑错、完形填空和英汉互译、写作。 5：学位英语主要考试题型介绍： 一、阅读理解(ReadingComprehension)
教师招聘考试试题及答案汇总
教师招聘考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共15个小题，每小题2分，共30分) 1、在下列认知风格中，容易给学习带来不利影响的认知风格是()。 A、场独立型 B、场依存型 C、冲动型 D、沉思型 〔解析〕C、冲动型认知方式倾向于很快地检验假设，且常常出错。 2、下列哪项属于真正的创造()。 A、鲁班创造锯子 B、高斯少年时做数字1~100的连加 C、找到远古时期的化石 D、陶渊明发现桃花源 〔解析〕A、真正的创造是指产生了具有人类历史首创性成品的活动。 3、中国近代教育史上，被毛泽东称颂为”学界泰斗，人世楷模”的教育家是()。 A、陶行知 B、杨贤江 C、徐特立 D、蔡元培 〔解析〕D略。 4、在古希腊，最早提出发现法的大教育家是()。 A、德谟克利特 B、亚里士多德 C、柏拉图 D、苏格拉底 〔解析〕D苏格拉底在教学法中强调使学生自己进行思考得出结论，从这个意义上说，苏格拉底最早提出了发现法。[page] 5、学生操行评定的主要负责人是()。 A、科任教师 B、班主任 C、级任导师 D、班委会 〔解析〕B班主任是学生操行评定的主要负责人。 6、对个别学生的教育()。 A、就是要靠班主任 B、就是要靠集体活动来教育 C、是同集体教育相辅相成的 D、主要是对较差学生的教育工作
〔解析〕C、对个别学生的教育也包括了对先进生和后进生的教育，需要和集体教育结合起来。 7、根据学习的定义，下列属于学习的现象是()。 A、吃了酸的食物流唾液 B、望梅止渴 C、蜘蛛织网 D、儿童模仿电影中人物的行为 〔解析〕D学习指人和动物在生活过程中，凭借经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的相对持久的变化。[page] 8、小学生因上课专心听讲受到老师表扬而逐步养成上课专心听讲的习惯属于()。 A、经典条件反射 B、操作条件反射 C、联结反应 D、习惯成自然 〔解析〕B操作性行为主要受强化规律的制约。儿童做对了某件事后得到成人的物质奖励或表扬属于正强化。 9、激发、维持和指引个体学习活动的心理动因或内部动力称为()。 A、学习需要 B、学习期待 C、学习动机 D、学习态度 〔解析〕C、本题考查学习动机的定义。 10、最重要和最良性的学习动力是()。 A、学习兴趣和教师的期待 B、学习兴趣和远大的理想 C、教师的期待和远大的理想 D、教师的期待和家长的期待 〔解析〕B为教师的期待而学习的动机是低级的动机。[page] 11、在技能形成的练习过程中，其进步情况的表示方法是用()。 A、图示 B、坐标 C、遗忘曲线 D、练习曲线 〔解析〕D在技能形成的练习过程中，其进步情况用练习曲线(学习电码的练习曲线)表示。 12、根据操作对象的不同又能够分为徒手操作技能与()。 A、器械型操作技能 B、细微型操作技能 C、连续型操作技能 D、开放型操作技能 〔解析〕A、略。
成人本科学士学位英语统一考试题及答案 2011.11.05 PartⅠReading Comprehension （30%） Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: The reflective towers of New York City, which is on the Atlantic migrating（迁徙的）route , can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass,”said https://www.doczj.com/doc/f68633120.html,urel, an architect.（76）“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights, and the larger the glass, the more dangerous it is.” About 90,000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often, they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat（栖息地）loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year. （77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process. There are no easy fixes, however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals, but they are still in their infancy. Covers, dot patterns, shades and net are the main options available. Often, only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don't necessarily have to treat every window,”https://www.doczj.com/doc/f68633120.html,urel said. “It would be too expensive to do the whole building.”The Jacob Convention Center, which has been undergoing alterations, is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes. The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. New York is a city of glass towers. B. Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds. C. New York adopted new safety standards for buildings. D. Glass towers are a new trend in the United States. 2. What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds? A. Climate change B. Habitat loss C. Lack of food D. Crashing into buildings. 3. What does the word “fixes”in the third paragraph probably mean? A. Choices B. Explanations C. Solutions D. Developments 4. _____are used in the alteration of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. A. Dot patterns B. Shades C. Nets D. Covers 5. Which of the fowling statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. In many cases, the whole building needs to be altered to prevent bird crashes. B. The Jacob K.Javits Convention Center is the first building to deal with the problem of bird crashes. C. About 90,000 birds are killed due to habitat loss in New York City each year. D. Unfortunately, glass designs that use ultraviolet signals are still in their early stages. Passage 2 Question 6 to 10 are based on the fowling passage: Today's students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F.D.R., and they live in a world where amazing innovations（革新）are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford; Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital（数字的），they are impatient to get on with life. The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship（企业家才能）education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them.
成人英语三级考试模拟试题及答案 英语试卷一 Part I Dialogue Completion (15 points) Directions: There are 15 short incomplete dialogues in this part, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. Louise: Would you like to go to a party this Saturday? Jackie: ______________. What kind of party? A. Feels great. B. Sounds good. C. Looks nice. D. Seems OK. 2. Customer: Hi, I’d like a double room for tonight Receptionist: ____________? Customer: Yes, I called you last week from Seattle. My name is Bob Woods. A. Do you have an appointment? B. Have you paid beforehand? C. Do you have a reservation? D. Have you made an order? 3. Sally: You look great in this red dress! Jennifer: __________. A. No, it’s not. Yours looks better. B. No, I don’t like it very much. C. I quite agree with you. D. Thank you. It’s my favorite. 4. Ginger: Hey, how was your vacation?
一、完成对话(1-10) 1.J une: Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? Judy: . A.I don't believe B.I don't believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not [答案]D 【精析】表达“我相信不会……”时，not 不能提前，如"I am afraid not"，因而排除选项 A、B，选项 C 中的"so"多余，因此只能选 D。 2.R ob: How could you say that? Bert: , I didn't mean to hurt you. A.That's all right B.I won't regret C.I'm really sorry D.Excuse me [答案]C 【精析】回答中说：“我原不想伤害你。”说明前面一句应该是表达抱歉的用语，因而选择C。而选项A(没关系)用于回答别人的道歉或感谢;选项D 用于打扰别人时。3.Jimmy: May I speak to John? Tony: John! You are wanted on the telephone. A.I am Mary. B.My name is Mary. C.Do you know Mary?
D.This is Mary speaking. [答案]D 【精析】电话用语。在电话中介绍自己时，不用"I am"或"my name is"，而用"this is…"，故选 D。 4.H elen: Sir, I didn't quite hear you. David: I said that nobody but one had got a full mark in the tests. A.May I ask you a question? B.I am sorry, C.I beg your Pardon, D.I must say "no" to you, [答案]C 【精析】"I didn’t quite hear you."意为：“我没有听清楚你说的话。”"I beg your pardon"在请求别人原谅或没听清楚对方所说的话时使用，选项 A(我可以问你一个问题吗?)、选项 B(对不起)、选项 D(我绝不同意)都不合题意。 5.C arol: ? Jane: I'd like two dozen eggs. A.What are you doing 你在干什么 B.What would you like to do C.What can I do for you D.What would you like to eat [答案]C 【精析】从答语中可知是某顾客在购物，只有选项 C(我能帮你做点什么吗?)习惯用于店员对顾客的招呼语。选项 A(你在干什么?)、选项 B(你想干什么?)、选项 D(你想吃什么?)都过于直接。
教师招聘考试题库1000道（附答案） 1、教育学是研究教育现象、揭示教育规律的一门科学。 2、我国春秋木年的《学记》是世界上第一部论述教育问题的专著。比古罗马昆体良的《论演况家的教育》早约三百年。其中的主要思想有：“不揠苗助长”、“不陵节而施”(体现了循序渐进的教学原则)；“道而弗牵、强而弗抑、开而弗达”(反映了启发性教学原则)；“教学相长”(体现了教师主导作用与学生主体作用相统一的教学规律)。 3、捷克夸美纽斯1632年的《大教学论》是近代第一部系统论述教育问题的专著。他提出了班级授课制。 4、美国杜威的《民本主义与教育》强调“儿童中心”，提出了“做中学”的方法，开创了“现代教育派”。 5、苏联赞可夫的《教学与发展》把学生的“一般发展”作为教学的出发点与归属。 6、美国布鲁纳的《教育过程》的主要思想是结构主义和发现法的教学方法。 1
7、苏联苏霍林斯基的《给教师的建议》、《把整个心灵献给孩子》，其著作被称为“活的教育学”和“学校生活的百科全书”。 8、教育的概念：广义指社会教育、学校教育和家庭教育三个方面；狭义指学校教育；偏义指思想品德教育。 9、教育的社会属性有：永恒性、历史性、相对独立性。 10、我国封建社会学校的教学内容主要是：“四书”(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《盂子》)；“五经”(诗、书、礼、易、春秋)。其贯穿了儒家思想。 11、遗传素质对人的身心发展不起决定作用，社会环境对人的发展起着决定性作用。但环境决定论又是错误的，因为人接受环境影响不是消极的、被动的，而是积极的能动的实践过程。 12、我国普通中学的双重任务是：培养各行各业的劳动后备力量；为高一级学校输送合格新生。 13、我国全面发展教育的组成部分是德育、智育、体育、美育和劳动技术教育。 14、“双基”是指系统的科学文化基础知识和基本技能技巧。 15、智育的任务之一是发展学生的智力，包括观察力、想象力、思维力、记忆力和注意力，其中思维能力是决定性的因素。 16、体育的根本任务是增强学生体质。 17、蔡元培于1912年最早提出美育，并主张“以美育代宗教”。 18、美育的任务：（1）使学生具有正确的审美观和感受美、鉴赏美的知识与能力；(2)培养学生表现美和创造美的能力；(3)培养学生的心灵美和行为美。 19、劳动技术教育的任务：（1）培养学生的劳动观点，养成正确的劳动态度和习惯；（2）教育学生初步掌握一些基本生产知识和劳动技能。 20、义务教育是依法律规定、适龄儿童和青少年都必须接收，国家、社会、家庭予以保证的国 2