中国地质大学江城学院
课程设计（论文）
从弗洛伊德心理理论看《美国悲剧》中萝贝塔的悲剧性
姓名：周晶
专业：英日双语
班级：41300805
学号：4130080511
摘要
美国自然主义作家西奥多?德莱塞，以其锋利的笔锋，向读者描绘了美国社会的种种问题，抨击了美国社会高雅面纱下围绕金钱而产生的种种丑恶现象。其作品以其史无前例的大胆写实为美国文学在现实主义协作的发展开辟了道路，也为作家在美国文学界乃至世界文学界赢得了极高的荣誉。
本文通过介绍作者的生平，以及用弗洛伊德理论分析德莱赛的《美国悲剧》中的人物萝贝塔的悲剧成因，说明在美国拜金主义，享乐主义和个人主义盛行的社会里，人在本能和社会环境的驱使下不免地要往上爬，追求物质上的满足，实现心中的梦。但在美国的社会环境下，结果往往是悲剧的。萝贝塔的悲剧，不仅是她个人的悲剧，也是美国众多女性的悲剧的写照。
关键词：悲剧萝贝塔弗洛伊德心理理论美国梦
ABSTRACT
A pioneer of naturalism in American literature, Theodore Dreiser equally deserves a place in American literature for his vigorous attack on the genteel tradition and his long and active interest in American social problem. Showing the readers an actual American society that is maintained with money worship, hedonism, individualism, his works make the readers so suffering and so astonished that some readers could hardly bear.
In this paper, a brief introduction is given to Dreiser’s life and the critical story of An American Tragedy, and then attempts to make a Freudian study of Dreiser’s An American Tragedy so as to summarize and then the causes of Roberta’s tragedy are analyzed. Through analysis the real origin of the tragedy is exposed to be the evil capitalist social system, and Roberta’s tragedy is also the American females’ tragedy. Key Word s：tragedy Roberta Freudian study American Dream.
目录
1 引言 (5)
2 作者和小说简介 (6)
2.1西奥多?德莱塞的简介 (7)
2.2《美国悲剧》的简介 (8)
3 从弗洛伊德理论逐步分析萝贝塔的悲剧 (9)
3.1 萝贝塔的命运 (9)
3.2萝贝塔悲剧产生的外部原因 (10)
3.3 萝贝塔悲剧产生的根本原因………………………………..11..
3.4从弗洛伊德心理透视萝贝塔的悲剧 (12)
结束语 (13)
C C O O N N T T E E N N T T S S
1 Introduction (5)
2 The Author and the Novel (6)
2.1 A Brief Introduction to Theodore Dreiser (7)
2.2 A Brief Introduction of an American Tragedy (8)
3 Analysis of Roberta's Tragedy on Freudian study (9)
3. 1 Roberta’s Destiny (9)
3.2 T he Analysis of Roberta’s Tragedy on the External Causes (10)
3.3 The Original Causes of the Tragedy (11)
3.4 Roberta's Tragedy on Freudian study (12)
Conclusion (13)
1Introduction
Dreiser, who is very famous for the principal American exponents of literary naturalism, is one of the most influential authors in American literary history during the 20th century. As a great naturalistic writer, Dreiser does not forget the basic principle of naturalism. It is easy to find that the man characters’ personality in American Tragedy is a sexual athlete and a man of elemental force who rises to a dominant position in business and society led by Roberta’s tragedy. It expresses the depth sympathy in his novels to Roberta and Clyde, which are drawing people’s attentions, so the novel is regarded as the greatest novel in American literary.
American Tragedy based on an actual case tells the story of a social tragedy, in which a tiny successful young man killed his lover, sentenced to death at last. The novel highly criticizes the America legal system and expresses the course of the tragedy. Among all the comments on the causes of the tragedy, Charles Walcutl A. Waltonlitz, specifically makes an analysis about the causes of the tragedy. His idea is unique and profound for us to study. American Dream makes many young people lose their direction even lives.
Most of the researches on American Tragedy are profound, and many theories have reasoned on the causes of Roberta’s tragedy that American Dream and American capitalist social system are the real origin of the tragedy.
Roberta’s death s timulates researchers to study the cause of tragedy. At the same time, the novel arouses people’s attention of feminism. In 18th century, feminism was not popular, and many women had no equal rights. Through analysis of Roberta's tragedy, we can get more knowledge of female in the society.
2 The Author and the Novel
Theodore Dreiser is one of the most influential American writers in the early twentieth century．As the masterpiece of Theodore Dreiser, An American Tragedy deserves such a good name：the gem of western culture．It reflects the reality and maladies of the contemporary American society in Dreiser’s time and it brings both fame and wealth for Dreiser．There has been plenty of criticism on Theodore Dreiser．But most of them focus on the naturalist feature of his work and some others pay attention to the archetype of the murder case．However ,the psychological analysis of An American Tragedy is scarce．
2.1 A Brief Introduction to Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Dreiser was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was the very first important American author of non- English stock, although United States had already more than half population of later immigrant and their children. His father was a German immigrant, and was mostly unemployed mill worker. So, his childhood was marked with poverty.
Dreiser was a great naturalism writer. He wrote his work on the basic principle of naturalism. He and his works of the real life do not attack the nation’s puritanical moral code; they ignore it. Then, his attitude stocked the genteel public probably more than the others. Because he was born from poverty, and he had harsh experience of poverty, suffered enough distress from unemployment and poverty. He had enough knowledge and deep sympathy.
2.2 A Brief Introduction of an American Tragedy
An American Tragedy tells about a tragic story. The story was based on a popular murder case. In the story, Clyde was a less successful young man, driven by the desire
for sex and money to murder his lover, and he did that in order to marry wealth. Finally, he was convicted and executed to death. Whatever of social and spirit, he was victim. From the book, Dreiser expressed a degree of critical and commercial success. There are three books in the novel. In the first book, the author describes Clyde’s life in Kansas. He was born in a poor missionary family; Clyde Griffiths lived a poverty-stricken life since his childhood. He always had to sing hymn of praise in American street everyday with his family. As he grew up, he was more and more tired of and even hated singing hymn of praise in the street with his family, and he was so sensitive that he always felt that the auditors were looking down upon them. In a word, his poor family made him painful. So once he had grown old enough to make money, he threw away that lifestyle. In Green- Davidson, he was deeply impressed by the striking contrast between Rich and Poor, and he avidly wanted to rise into this American upper class that seemed to offer him the only hope of self-realizations.
3 Analysis of Roberta's Tragedy on Freudian study
Roberta excels Hortense in almost every aspect, such appearance and intelligence。She’s not as indulgent as Hortense in her daily life and she is a traditional well conventional gild before her acquaintance Clyde．The background of Roberta closely resembles that of Clyde．She too has been locked up by poverty and depressed by the realization of her lacking in skill and experience。Besides，she feels she is all outsider of the mainstream of American Lire, surrounded by her incompetent and inefficient parents Although Roberta anticipates bettering her life by getting an education and by mating Well she earl, due to her unfavorable upbringing, she is deprived of the equivalent opportunity as some youth to realize her ambition．Then she is involved in a romantic Relationship with her supervisor, which is forbidden in this factory, hoping such union will help her to make her dream come true。When her friend Grace nails a lie offer about Clyde, she resents her friend and views her friend as a burden and hindrance．She isn’t quite straighter mother about why she moves out of her first room．Tortured by her inner mental conflicts between the dilemma faced
also by Hamlet,“to be or not to be'’，she deceives even herself as to why she selects a room in the new house downstairs and with an outside door．Roberta is not simply a victim of seduction and vanity, instead，she is also a victim of her unconscious id。She takes delight in the pleasure of sexual love, the same as Clyde，and takes no care of her moral criteria and yields herself wholly to him each night，dreaming“recklessly and wildly of the joy of it’ each da y.
3. 1 Roberta’s Destiny
Ro berta Alden was a daughter of Titus Alden, a farmer-of near Blitz, which was a small town in Mimi co Country, some fifty miles north. The father of her father was also a farmer. Her father was also an unsuccessful person at forty-eight. He was still living in a very old and much in need of repair house which he inherited from his father. The desire was stronger and stronger. And then, he became apathy to Roberta. Roberta did not know why his attitude became so apathy and strange. Without any other way to solve the problem, Roberta pleaded Clyde to marry her, but Clyde wanted to marry Sondra for better and richer life. He protracted to agree again and again. Worrying of losing Sondra and his reputation in Lycurgus, he pretended to agree, but in his mind, he was planning to kill Roberta.
Roberta’s tragedy could be ascribed to herself. She was very naive and easy to believe someone else. Roberta’s dream was established on the love that she could together with Clyde. She had not thinking independently. So, she obeyed Clyde's meaning, no longer requiring him. Roberta thought that Clyde was her god. Whatever Clyde wanted to do, she would do her best to satisfy him. And then, her personality caused her tragedy.
3.2 T h e Analysis of Roberta’s Tragedy on the External Causes
Roberta Herself Was Partly Blamed for Her Tragedy. It seems unfair for Roberta to be blamed for her tragedy, but she really should be. Although born in a poor farm
family, Roberta was very charming and quite clever. She deserved to have better life. Since her childhood, she was dreaming to conquer a man to have a better life that was different from her farm life. With this good dream, she even could not insist on her refusal for Clyde’s pursuit. She had already lost something guided by the dream of bettering herself by marrying Clyde. She even dared not insist on her refusing for Clyde’s unreaso nable requirement, even though she knew that she was in the way of danger and maybe even in the way of destruction. So, in her tragedy, she was partly blamed. In American society, the boundary between the poor and rich was very clear. It was impossible for the poor people to enter the upper class. Just because of her unrealistic dream, she was finally pregnant easily and lost her life. Roberta was even told that the man of the rich family was not keeping their words, but she could not resist Clyde’s sweet t alk. In a word, she was very foolish. She should keep herself from having sex with Clyde and getting pregnant. Because of her vanity and unrealistic dream, the tragedy happened.
Second, because of his selfishness, when Roberta was pregnant, he refused to go with Roberta together to the doctor’s for help. At last, to disengage himself from Roberta, he even planned to kill her. Although he did not carry on his plan at the critical moment, he did not give a hand to Roberta in the accident when Roberta was in critical danger and needed help very much. It was his very coldness and selfishness that caused Roberta's tragedy. Clyde was in the interest of realizing his wealth and rank then dreamed to kill his lover. His mentality was distorted by the social desire. He should be sentenced to death.
3.3 The Original Causes of the Tragedy
Although Roberta herself and Clyde should be blamed for her tragedy, in the final analysis, the original causes of Roberta's tragedy are the evil capitalist social system. Why did both Roberta and Clyde have the unrealistic dream and even lose their lives for the dream? To find out the answer for these questions, we have to mention the prevalent culture and the American society.
These spirits dated from the English Religion Reformation. Coming into 20th century, the industry achieved very great success, and the goods were produced in mass. The content of American dream had a little changed. Although the dream of greatness, wealth and success had not changed yet, the desire of consuming as much as possible had taken place of the sobriety. The young generation paid more attention to the practice and the comfortable even luxurious material life, while more neglecting the traditional virtue and dogma than the generation of their parents did. The consuming culture and the hedonism prevailed over the whole American in the 20th century. In such surrounding, lead by these ideas, the young generation could not help pursuit money, rich material life and the sex.
3.4 Roberta's Tragedy on Freudian study
From the above analysis we can see Roberta ascents to have sexual relationship with Clyde for at least three reasons．First of all，she allows herself to do this because she dreams to raise herself out of poverty and Clyde gives her the illusion that k is rich and he is from superior social sphere．Her egoism gets well illustrated in her relationship with Clyde．From their first encounter, she never forgets that he is a Griffiths and supervisor, roles which make him attractive but also formidable and risky．Just as Clyde envisions Sondra as a doorway to paradise of wealth,position,and comfort，SO Roberta perceives Clyde， a channel to getaway from her poor maidenhood as well as her humble and unaccomplished work．Clyde's superior position，however, constitutes a danger as well as a hope for her．If she succeeds in getting out of her poverty, Roberta can at least solve her food，clothes and housing problems，and thus the fundamental human desires get satisfied．Therefore，it is the id that causes her to have such a wish．Second, though Roberta is somewhat hesitant to allow Clyde to come too close to her ,later after their first intimacy, Roberta enjoys herself as much as Clyde enjoys himself ,She has the normal human desire and her id enjoys sexual delight extremely．If Hortense satisfies her wish to show an impressive appearance in her relationship with Clyde,Roberta contents her sexual organ in her relationship with Clyde．And boom of these two kinds of satisfaction are the different
forms of the egoism，or the id。Last but not the least，Roberta allows herself to have an intimate relationship with Clyde because she loves him。Since the id is chaos，a cauldron of seething excitement, it asks form ore than one or two pleasures．Actually, it requires the satisfaction of all pleasures．Apart from the basic desires，namely, the survival instinct, human beings are emotional creatures and they want to get the attention and love from the ones that they are fond of：If they are bathed in love without any anxiety, the person must be extremely happy, thus，his or her id or egoism to pursue pleasure succeeds．all，Roberta is the embodiment of the id in this novel and in a sense；she is the id of herself, of C1yde as well as that of her society．Neither Hortense nor Roberta takes control of their drives to obey the social conventions．For both Freud and Dreiser, the id is more powerful than the ego．Freud holds that the pleasure principle frequently defeats the reality principle and hurts people in various aspects．e pleasure principle transcends the reality principle because it serves as the avenue to release one’s libido and it exits persistently and permanently．Hence, egoism or the id，is the most powerful part in Freudian psychology since it adapts to the pleasure principle．Just take Roberta as all example，she knows clearly that it is impossible to keep all above-board relationship with Clyde，and he maybe doesn’t bother himself to take tile trouble to marry her．While she just cannot behave herself and her id gets the upper hand due to the above three pleasures which their relationship can bring her．
Conclusion
Naturalism is the brief writing style that man is shaped of hereditary and environment force beyond his control. In particular, naturalism is the brief that man’s inner sense of willingness toward a good or toward an evil is an illusion merely.(Donld,2003,) Thus, for the naturalist it makes no praise the action, they are only doing what comes naturally to them. As a novelist, Theodore Dreiser was the sort of naturalist who felt an extraordinary need to explain things, to represent his characters motives and actions as cogent as possible. He offered many instances scientifically--based explanations of their determinism, and even corrected popular
misconceptions as to the cause and significances of human endeavor. An American Tragedy tended to emphasize that female should be independent and could not reply on men. Women are not accessories, but dominate positions in the society. If a female is too weak in mind, she would become a tragedy in the society. Her tragedy destined to happen at that time.
In American Tragedy, Theodore Dreiser portrayed his characters Clyde and Roberta. Whatever they like, in American capitalist, they did it what they were forced anything, just persuade what is insight in their mind. Their tragedy is not very special; it is the American's common tragedy. As Roberta is just one of the typical instances of such female tragedy, we can find a lot of problems existing in the American females. Roberta's tragedy is also the American female's tragedy.
The novel shows the greatest attractive for over the world. Although there are many criticisms about Dreiser and his novel American Tragedy, it can not deny the fact that the celebrated influence spread not only American literature but also all over the world.
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[0171]《美国文学史及选读》 第一次作业 [判断题]Faith in Christianity is one of the main ideas advocated by Raph Waldo Emerson, the chief spokesman of American Romanticism. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]In Desire Under the Elms by Eugene G. O'Neill, Abbie is the second wife of Cabot after his first wife dies. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]Langston Hughes is often entitled "New England Poet”. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]Franklin was a symbol of the American dream. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]Rip Van Winkle was written by James Cooper. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]Fitzgerald was the spokesman of the Jazz Age. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]Allan Poe wrote the first detective stories in America. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]The Beat Generation and the Lost Generation are the same. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]Beyond the Horizon was the first full-length play of O'Neill. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]Irving was the first American writer to get an international reputation. 参考答案：正确 第二次作业 [判断题]Chinese poetry and philosophy had exerted great influence on Ezra Pound. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]Howl is a symbol in the movement of the Beat Generation, which was written by Allen Ginsberg. 参考答案：正确 [判断题] Joseph Heller was an American satirical novelist, poet and short story writer. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]Mark Twain was the Lincoln of American literature. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]The best work of Whitman was The Leaves of Grass 参考答案：正确 [判断题]Anne Bradstreet was father of American poetry. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]The Autobiography was the masterpiece of Franklin. 参考答案：正确 [判断题]The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a short story 参考答案：正确
作业 1．第1题 When we say that a poor young man from the West tried to make his fortune in the East but was disillusioned in the quest of an idealized dream, we are probably discussing about ______’s thematic concern in his fiction writing. A.Henry James B.Scott Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.William Faulkne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 ___ did not ever show his/her concern for the Indians. A.Anne Bradstreet B.Philip Freneau C.Roger Williams D.John Eliot 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 ____ made many translations, among which, Dante’s Divine Comedy was the best. A.William C. Bryant B.Henry W. Longfellow C.Emerson D.Hawthorne 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 The Declaration of Independence was the product of the joint efforts by ___, A.George Washington
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷） 1.Poor Richard’s Almanac ( ) 2.The House of the Seven Gables ( ) 3.“Raven”( ) 4.My Antonia ( ) 5.Babbitt ( ) 6.A Streetcar Named Desire ( ) 7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( ) 8.A Farewell to Arms ( ) 9.The Call of the Wild ( ) 10.Long Day's Journey into Night ( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/f76035664.html,mon Sense ( ) 12. “Rip Van Winkle”( ) 13. Walden( ) 14. The Song of Hiawatha( ) 15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin( ) 16.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ) 17.Sister Carrie( ) 18.The Waste Land( ) 19. A Farewell to Arms( ) 20.The Great Gatsby( ) 1.defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty. 2.While working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopted the pseudonym , the way of a boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms. 3.Ezra Pound initiated a campaign for , which emphasized the direct treatment of an object or situation. He also advocated the language of common speech, but always the exact word. 4.Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel _________. 5.is the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters. 6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by ___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer. 7._________________ has been considered the “Father of modern American Poetry.\
2013春美国文学在线作业100分 1．第11题 ___ is not a name to refer to Natty Bumppo in Cooper’s frontier saga. A.deerslayer B.pathfinder C.hawkeye D.Mohican 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第12题 “these are times that try men’s souls”is a sentence quoted ｆrom paine’s pamphlet___. A.American Crisis https://www.doczj.com/doc/f76035664.html,mon Sense C.On Human Rights 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第13题 The first American writer who propounded that a piece of literary work should focus on the production of a single emotional effect is ___. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B.Herman Melville C.Edgar Ellan Poe 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第14题 "Lost Generation" is a term first coined by ---.
A.Ernest Hemingway B.Fitzgerald C. Gertrude Stein 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第15题 Among the following 3 poets the one who was once imprisoned for political reasons is ---. A.Carl Sandburg B.Edwin Arlington Robinson C.Ezra Pound 答案:C 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 6．第16题 As a Modernist poet, Pound is noted for his active involvement in the ______ A.cubist school of modern painting B.Imagist Movement C.stream-of-consciousness technique D.German Expressionism 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第17题 The first great American juvenile literature was _____. A.Sketch Book B.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow C.Walden D.Mardi 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
Young Goodman Brown is one of the best short fictions written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1835. It tells us a story that Young Goodman Brown, a religious element, left his wife Faith and ventured deep into the forest to attend the assembly of evil in order to satisfy his curiosity. However, as an eyewitness of the congregation, both sinners and saints and including his faithful wife Faith had converted the devil, young Goodman Brown broke down and became a zombie. Owing to the closeness of short stories and the features of Hawthorne’s novels (symbolism and indirectness), only when we do deep analysis on it, the whole world of the story can be stretched out.And this paper analyses the inner meaning of some words and phrases of Young Goodman Brown from three aspects: Firstly, what’s the inner meaning of some words in this story. Secondly, why Hawthorne wrote this story, which including the satire at politics, society, racial discrimination and the introspection on Salem Witch Trials. Thirdly, how to see the good and evil. What’s the inner meaning of some words in Young Goodman Brown? Salem: ①H awthorne’s hometown. ②It was where the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 happened. ③It means a city of peace. ④It is the latter part of Jerusalem, which shows the strong belief in Christianism of early colonist Young: ①Goodman Brown was in a young age. ②He just established his faith of God and just married with Faith. ③He has the curiosity to learn about the world. Goodman:①Good man, good-hearted person. ②It is a given name, which was given by families rather than born with. ③Irony. Brown is not actually a good man for he cheated on his wife (my journey is forth and back again), himself (felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose), the devil (they never spoke theses matters) and also Goody Cloyse (cut through the woods until left her behind). Brown:①a common last name. ②average person, everyman, every man. ③brown is a color that generated by mixing black, red and white. It also reflects that Brown is not totally a sinner nor a saint. ④Brown is a last name passed down from generation to generation which cannot be changed and it also reflects that everyone has the original sin. ⑤Something tires somebody. It indicates the death of Brown. Faith: ①Strong religious belief in God ②Loyal to love.
美国文学作业 作业 1．第9题 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court was written by _______. A.Henry James B.Mark Twain C.Jack London D.Theodore Dreiser 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第10题 “all sappy as maples ａnd flat as the prairie” is a comment made by james russell lowell on the female characters in novels written by______. A.Washington Irving B.James Fenimore Cooper C.Philip Freneau D.George Washington 答案:B 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第11题 Among the following novels, only one was not written by Herman Melville. It is _____________. A.The Confidence-Man B.The PIlot C.Moby Dick 答案:B 您的答案：B
题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第12题 Sister Carrie is a noel written by ___. A.Theodore Dreiser B.Stephen Crance C. Frank Norris 答案:A 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 5．第13题 The central character’s name in James Fenimore Cooper’s novel series The Leatherstocking Tales is ______________. A.Isabelle Archer B.Natty Bumpo C.Ishmael 答案:B 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：0.0 6．第14题 _______ does not belong to the school of naturalism in history. A.Stephen Crane B.Frank Norris C.Jack London D.Walt Whitman 答案:D 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 7．第15题