绝密★启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语(北京卷)
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。
1. ---Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around？
---Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just＿＿on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
2. __________we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D. Until
3. __________along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________as a volunteer in the neighborhood. when I visited her last year
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
5. She and her family bicycle to work, __________ helps them keep fit
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. that
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together__________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
7. China’s high-speed railways __________from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
8. In any unsafe situation, simply ________the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
10. Ordinary soap, __________correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be__________ we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. why
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data __________cause serious problems for a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D. must
13. They might have found a better hotel if they＿＿a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
14. ---Good morning, Mr. lee’s office.
---Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment __________next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at
15. This is__________my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how
B. which
C. the
D. what
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many，finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.
After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver，only to 21 it contained ￡400 in notes，with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car-which was itself worth ￡35，000—in Glasgow city centre，they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 .
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 .
Mr. Anderson said：“I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.”
Mr. smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr. Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached
21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe
22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing
23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked
24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen
25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement
26. A. when B. if C. where D. because
27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just
28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead
29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous
30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最仁选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was“ not athletic”.
The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带)became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted！
At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving！
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself,, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.
36. A month before the marathon, the author____________.
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. Lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空)Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC)is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed" pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!
For more details，please visit us online at https://www.doczj.com/doc/0011771873.html,.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to______________.
A. fly to space.
B. get an Aviation badge first.
C. study the principles of flight.
D. build and fire model rockets.
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.
D. Survival skills.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half
of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the
oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an
answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater
wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’
stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to_________.
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might_________.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy- or even worsen- the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed
highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport---an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride- hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations40%by2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can__________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driver less cars，what is the author’s major concern？
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars？
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry？
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 52 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person. no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的)outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear
in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)
第一节(15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎；
2.推荐他上哪所大学;
3.建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意:1.词数不少于50； 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英
文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意:词数不少于60。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英语参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节单项填空
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. D 10. A
11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D
第二节完形填空
16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C
26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C
第二部分阅读理解
36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D
46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
第三部分书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua 第二节（20分）
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices. 1 / 18
2 / 18
21.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT. 22.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23.How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have 3 / 18
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷2） 理科数学 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。1． 12i 12i + = - A． 43 i 55 --B． 43 i 55 -+C． 34 i 55 --D． 34 i 55 -+ 2．已知集合() {} 223 A x y x y x y =+∈∈ Z Z ，≤，，，则A中元素的个数为 A．9 B．8 C．5 D．4 3．函数()2 e e x x f x x - - =的图像大致为 4．已知向量a，b满足||1 = a，1 ?=- a b，则(2) ?-= a a b A．4 B．3 C．2 D．0 5．双曲线 22 22 1(0,0) x y a b a b -=>>3 A．2 y x =B．3 y x =C． 2 y=D． 3 y= 6．在ABC △中， 5 cos 2 C 1 BC=，5 AC=，则AB= A．2B30C29 D．25 7．为计算 11111 1 23499100 S=-+-++- …，设计了右侧的程序框图，则在空白 框中应填入 A．1 i i=+ B．2 i i=+ C．3 i i=+ D．4 i i=+ 8．我国数学家陈景润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界领先的成果．哥德巴赫猜想是“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”，如30723 =+．在不超过30的素数中，随机选取两个不同的数，其和等于30的概率是 开始 0,0 N T == S N T =- S 输出 1 i= 100 i< 1 N N i =+ 1 1 T T i =+ + 结束 是否
2018年高考生物试题北京卷 1．细胞膜的选择透过性保证了细胞内相对稳定的微环境。下列物质中，以（自由）扩散方式通过细胞膜的是 A．Na+B．二氧化碳C．RNA D．胰岛素 2．哺乳动物肝细胞的代谢活动十分旺盛，下列细胞结构与对应功能表述有误 ．．的是A．细胞核：遗传物质储存与基因转录B．线粒体：丙酮酸氧化与ATP合成 C．高尔基体：分泌蛋白的合成与加工D．溶酶体：降解失去功能的细胞组分 3．光反应在叶绿体类囊体上进行。在适宜条件下，向类囊体悬液中加入氧化还原指示剂DCIP，照光后DCIP由蓝色逐渐变为无色。该反应过程中 A．需要ATP提供能量B．DCIP被氧化 C．不需要光合色素参与D．会产生氧气 4．以下高中生物学实验中，操作不正确 ．．．的是 A．在制作果酒的实验中，将葡萄汁液装满整个发酵装置 B．鉴定DNA时，将粗提产物与二苯胺混合后进行沸水浴 C．用苏丹Ⅲ染液染色，观察花生子叶细胞中的脂肪滴（颗粒） D．用龙胆紫染液染色，观察洋葱根尖分生区细胞中的染色体 5．用Xho I和Sal I两种限制性核酸内切酶分别处理同一DNA片段，酶切位点及酶切产物分 离结果如图。以下叙述不正确 ．．．的是 A．图1中两种酶识别的核苷酸序列不同 B．图2中酶切产物可用于构建重组DNA C．泳道①中是用Sal I处理得到的酶切产物 D．图中被酶切的DNA片段是单链DNA
29．（17分） 癌症是当前严重危害人类健康的重大疾病。研究人员利用与癌细胞在某些方面具有相似性的诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）进行了抗肿瘤的免疫学研究。 （1）癌细胞具有无限的特点。当体内出现癌细胞时，可激发机体的系统发挥清除作用。 （2）研究人员进行的系列实验如下： 免疫组小鼠：每周注射1次含失去增殖活性的iPSC悬液，连续4周； 空白组小鼠：每周注射1次不含失去增殖活性的iPSC的缓冲液，连续4周。 实验一：取免疫组和空白组小鼠的血清分别与iPSC、DB7（一种癌细胞）和MEF（一种正常体细胞）混合，检测三种细胞与血清中抗体的结合率，结果见下表。 ①比较表中iPSC与两组小鼠血清作用的结果可知，免疫组的数值明显空白 组的数值，说明iPSC刺激小鼠产生了特异性抗体。 ②表中DB7和iPSC与免疫组小鼠血清作用后的检测数据无明显差异，说明DB7 有。 ③综合表中全部数据，实验结果表明。 实验二：给免疫组和空白组小鼠皮下注射DB7，一周后皮下形成肿瘤。随后空白组小鼠肿瘤体积逐渐增大，免疫组小鼠肿瘤体积逐渐缩小。由此推测：iPSC还 能刺激机体产生特异性抗肿瘤的免疫。 （3）研究人员另取小鼠进行实验，验证了上述推测。下图为实验组的实验过程及结果示意图。请在下图中选择A或B填入④处，从C～F中选择字母填入①～③处。 （4）该系列研究潜在的应用前景是iPSC可以用于。 30．（17分） 水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物。稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌（Mp）侵染水稻引起的病害，严重危害我国粮食生产安全。与使用农药相比，抗稻瘟病基因的利用是控制稻瘟病更加有效、安全和经济的措施。 （1）水稻对Mp表现出的抗病与感病为一对相对。为判断某抗病水稻是否为纯合子，可通过观察自交子代来确定。
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 英语试题第1页（共14页）
爽爽文档汇编之 2014?2018北京高考英语作文及范文汇编 【2018年】第三部分:书而表达（共两节,35分）第一节（15分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他 对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括: I.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。 注意：1.词数不少于50：2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jin], Yours II Hua 【范例】Dear Jim. Fm so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparatioiL some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment. I smeerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when tliat day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程.注意:词数不少于60。
2018年高考全国卷Ⅱ理综试题 1．下列关于人体中蛋白质功能的叙述，错误的是 A．浆细胞产生的抗体可结合相应的病毒抗原 B．肌细胞中的某些蛋白质参与肌肉收缩的过程 C．蛋白质结合Mg2+形成的血红蛋白参与O2运输 D．细胞核中某些蛋白质是染色体的重要组成成分 2．下列有关物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是 A B C D 3 A B C D 4 A B C D 5 A B．T2 C．HIV D 6．在致癌因子的作用下，正常动物细胞可转变为癌细胞，有关癌细胞特点的叙述错误的是A．细胞中可能发生单一基因突变，细胞间黏着性增加 B．细胞中可能发生多个基因突变，细胞的形态发生变化 C．细胞中的染色体可能受到损伤，细胞的增殖失去控制 D．细胞中遗传物质可能受到损伤，细胞表面的糖蛋白减少 7．化学与生活密切相关。下列说法错误的是 A．碳酸钠可用于去除餐具的油污 B．漂白粉可用于生活用水的消毒
C．氢氧化铝可用于中和过多胃酸 D．碳酸钡可用于胃肠X射线造影检查 8．研究表明，氮氧化物和二氧化硫在形成雾霾时与大气中的氨有关（如下图所示）。下列叙述错误的是A．雾和霾的分散剂相同 B．雾霾中含有硝酸铵和硫酸铵 C．NH3是形成无机颗粒物的催化剂 D．雾霾的形成与过度施用氮肥有关 9．实验室中用如图所示的装置进行甲烷与氯气在光照下反应的实验。 光照下反应一段时间后，下列装置示意图中能正确反映实验现象的是 10．W、X、Y 序数的3 A．X B．Y C D．W 11．N A A B C D 12 A B C? D? 13
二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求， 第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。 14．如图，某同学用绳子拉动木箱，使它从静止开始沿粗糙水平路面运动至具有某一速度，木箱获得的动能一定 A ．小于拉力所做的功 B ．等于拉力所做的功 C ．等于克服摩擦力所做的功 D ．大于克服摩擦力所做的功 15．高空坠物极易对行人造成伤害。若一个50g 的鸡蛋从一居民楼的25层坠下，与地面的撞击时间约为2ms ， A ．16．2018年，假设 A ．5?C ．5?17．用波长为10-34 J·s， A ．1?18．i 随时间t 19．t 2时 A B ．t 1C D ．乙车的加速度大小先减小后增大 20．如图，纸面内有两条互相垂直的长直绝缘导线L 1、L 2，L 1中的电流方向向左，L 2中的电流方向向上；L 1的正上方有a 、 b 两点，它们相对于L 2对称。整个系统处于匀强外磁场中，外磁场的磁感应强度大小为B 0，方向垂直于纸面向外。 已知a 、b 两点的磁感应强度大小分别为 013B 和01 2B ，方向也垂直于纸面向外。则 A ．流经L 1的电流在b 点产生的磁感应强度大小为07 12B B ．流经L 1的电流在a 点产生的磁感应强度大小为0112B C ．流经L 2的电流在b 点产生的磁感应强度大小为0112B D ．流经L 2的电流在a 点产生的磁感应强度大小为0712 B
绝密★本科目考试启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科综合能力测试（北京卷） 本试卷共16页，共300分，考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 2018年4月，川藏铁路成都至雅安段开始铺轨。读图1，回答第1-3题。 1．与成都相比，拉萨 A．日出早白昼长B．正午太阳高度角小 C．海拔高，日照强D．大气逆辐射强 2．图示区域 A．地处板块的生长边界B．河流的流向自西向东 C．自然景观为高寒荒漠D．跨地势第一、二级阶梯 3．川藏铁路开通后，能够 ①缓解青藏铁路运输压力②改善西藏物资供应 ③消除区域内灾害的影响④促进地域文化交流 A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④ 图2为地的地质平面示意图，读图，回答第4题。
4．图中 A．甲处的物质主要来源于地壳B．断层发生在花岗岩形成之后C．岩浆侵入可能导致乙处岩石变质D．丙处的溶洞景观由岩浆活动造成读图3，回答第5题。 5．四个大洲中， A．甲地形复杂多样，中低产田多，农业生产技术落后 B．乙平原广，高纬地区受寒流影响强，港口封冻期长 C．丙纬度跨度大，地形中部高四周低，是水稻主产区 D．丁为高原大陆，人口自然增长率低，城市化水平高 图4为北半球某日02时海平面气压分布图（单位:百帕），读图，回答第6、7题。
6．据图推断 A．北京风速大，风向偏东南B．甲地可能出现强降水天气 C．极地气温低，气压值最高D．热带太平洋洋面生成台风 7．依据气压分布，该日最接近 A．冬至B．小满C．夏至D．立秋 随着汽车等工业产品的废弃量增加，主要利用废钢冶炼的电炉炼钢技术日渐普及。图5示意国外某流域的钢铁厂分布，读图，回答第8题。 8．甲、乙两类钢铁厂在区位选择上均靠近 ①铁矿②大城市③交通线路④钢铁消费量 A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④ 在乡村振兴计划中某行政村拟修建的村史馆和培训中心分别位于该村西南部和东北部。该村东西宽2千米，南北长1千米，主干道从南向北穿过河流自东向西流经该村。读图6，回答第9题。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met mor e than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。 2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】 考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管，然而；if如果；until直到。故C选项正确。
2018年高考理综真题及答案(全国卷) 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。学·科网 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。在每小题给出的四个 选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。下列有关叙述错误的是A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶 B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏 C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道D．线粒体DNA位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶2．生物体内的DNA常与蛋白质结合，以DNA—蛋白质复合物的形式存在。下列相关叙述错误的是 A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA—蛋白质复合物B．真核细胞的核中有DNA—蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核
中没有 C．若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA 聚合酶 D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复合物中含有RNA 聚合酶 3．下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是 A．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2和NO-3 B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收 C．土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收D．给玉米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象4．已知药物X对细胞增值有促进作用，药物D可抑制药物X的作用。 某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组，分别置于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数，结果如图所示。据图分析，下列相关叙述不合理的是 A．乙组加入了药物X后再进行培养 B．丙组先加入药物X，培养一段时间后加入药物D，继续培养C．乙组先加入药物D，培养一段时间后加入药物X，继续培养D．若药物X为蛋白质，则药物D可能改变了药物X的空间结构
2018年高考英语北京卷 英语答案解析 第一部分：知识运用 第一节单项填空 1.【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你好，我是彼得，你是新来的吗？我没见过你。——你好，彼得。我叫鲍勃。我星期一才来的。根据语境以及时间状语on Monday可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的动作，所以应用一般过去时。【考点】动词时态。 2.【答案】C 【解析】A项意为“尽管”；B项意为“当；尽管”；C项意为“如果”；D项意为“直到”。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化的话，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。 【考点】连词辨析。 3.【答案】B 【解析】分析句子结构可知，谓语动词is前缺少主语，所以应用动名词作主语。 【考点】非谓语动词。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意：我去年拜访苏珊时，她已经放弃了薪水丰厚的工作，在社区担任志愿者。根据语境可知，此处动作表示过去“我”拜访苏珊时她正在进行的动作，所以应用过去进行时。 【考点】动词时态。 5.【答案】A 【解析】分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句。可以引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which 和who，故排除that；who用于指代“人”，as有“正如，就像”之意，均不符合语境。所以此处应用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中作主语，指代前面整个句子。 【考点】非限制性定语从句。 6.【答案】B 【解析】句意：中秋节时，家人们经常聚在一起吃团圆饭、赏月以及吃月饼。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。【考点】非谓语动词。 7.【答案】B 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里中国高铁总长度已从9000千米增加到25000千米。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时。 【考点】动词时态。 8.【答案】A
2018年高考全国卷1语文试题及答案 1 2 3 35 39 1~3题。 这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破 体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。中国思想传统与西方思想传统 为其重要前提 了新的内涵与新的形态。 无助于思想的创 https://www.doczj.com/doc/0011771873.html,应地内含“照着讲”。“新子学”应追求“照着讲”与“接着讲”的统 一。 13 A
当代思想癿组成部分。 B 上思想家癿思想内涵。 C 下形成创造性癿思想。 D 既有思想演进癿过程。 23 A 子之学癿差异。 B 癿关系进行论证。 C 癿必要和可能。 D 实癿顺序推进癿。 33 A 上是互相隔膜癿。 B 国和世界文化癿建构。 C 劣亍促进新思想生成。 D 逐渐过渡到“接着讱”。 315 4~6题。 赵一曵女士阿成 他人的风度。 赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在 寒……战士们哟”……这些都给躺在病床上的赵一曼女士留下清晰回忆。 赵一曼女士喜 丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。 对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷 很没面子。
可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。 1936 《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从 市立医院逃走和被害的情况。 赵一曼女士是在6月28 点了一颗烟。 道上山。 20天时间。 幼年丧母、恋 情的、甜蜜的。 韩护士真诚地 20 一曼、韩勇义、董 赵一曼女士淡淡的笑了。 赵一曼女士是在珠河县被日本宪兵枪杀的。 一 些松树。 前夕了。
!赶快 地下的母亲!我最亲爱的孩子啊!母亲不用千言万 的! 一九三六年八月二日 4 3A 引起了读者癿注意。 B 到有价值癿回答。 C 曵仍活在人们癿记忆里。 D 了赵一曵癿英雄本色。 5 6 6 6 312 79题。 科学实验卫星提前并圆 引领世界量子通信研究奠定了坚实的基础。通信安全是国家信息安全和人类经济社会生活的基本需求。千百 突破经典信息技术的瓶颈。” 量子通信主要研究内容包括量子密钥分发和量子隐形传态。量于 2017年8月10
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语Ⅲ卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分） A Welcome to Holker Hall & Garden Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By car: Follow brown signs on A590 from. J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere--20 minutes, Kendal--25 minutes, Lancaster-- 45 minutes, Manchester-- l hour 30minutes By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth. Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening times Sunday-Friday（closed on Saturday） 11:00 am-4;00pm, 30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Gropes: ￡9.00 Special Events Producers Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in the gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family! Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D. 90 minutes. 22. How much should a member of a tour group pay a visit to Hall & Gardens? A. ￡12.00. B. 9￡.00. C. ￡8.00 D. ￡5.50 23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers Market. B. Holker Garden Festival C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market B Cities, usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科综合能力测试政治（北京卷） 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 1. 每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。这一做法 ①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序 ②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点 ③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展 ④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】C 2. 山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐共存。下列分析正确的是 A. 京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系 B. 工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性
C. 建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提 D. 高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力 【答案】B 【解析】新事物是指符合事物发展规律具有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物，旧事物是指违背事物发展规律没有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物。把京张高铁与“人”字形铁路的关系看成是新旧事物的关系，说法错误，A排除；与“人”字形铁路相比较，京张高铁在工程设计与施工水平要高得多，这说明实践活动具有社会历史性，B正确；尊重客观规律是实践成功的前提和基础，C说法错误，排除；矛盾双方既对立又同一推动着事物的运动、变化、发展，D说法错误，排除。故本题选B。 3. 万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作 ①体现了自然性与人文性的统一 ②说明时代精神是艺术创新的泉 ③体现了创作者为祖国可山立传的文化自信 ④说明客观真实是评价艺术作品的根本标准 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】A 【解析】为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，这说明《长江万里图》的创作体现了自然性与人文性的统一，①符合题意；该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河。这充分体现了创作者对中华文化的高度自信，③符合题意；社会实践是文化创新的源泉，②说法错误；社会实践是检验文化创新的根本标准，④说法错误，故本题选A。 4. “窗含西岭千秋雪”“玉窗五见樱桃花”。中国传统建筑中窗的设计，巧妙之处在于可以引进阳光、空气，为居室主人呈现大自然的馈赠，借助窗外的空间美，人的心灵之窗也被打开，“纳千顷之王汪洋，收四时之烂漫”。下列选项正确的有
徐老师 北京市2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 (满分120分，考试时间100分钟) 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分,共15分) 1.—Hi,I'm Peter.Are you new here?I haven't seen you around？ —Hello,Peter.I'm Bob.I just________on Monday. A.start B.have started C.started D. had started 2.__________we don't stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A.Although B.While C.If D. Until 3.__________along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and________as a volunteer in the neighborhood. When I visited her last year A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work,__________helps them keep fit A.which B.who C.as D.that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together__________ a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 7.China's high-speed railways__________from9,000to25,000kilometers in the past few years. A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 8.In any unsafe situation,simply________the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who__________in the mountains
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 （河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、安徽、福建使用） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。 诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观。在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。 诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。一般而言，“照着讲”主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容，从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源。 与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。中国思想传统与西方思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源，而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。
绝密★本科目考试启用前 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 1. 每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。这一做法 ①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序 ②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点 ③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展 ④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】C 2. 山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐
共存。下列分析正确的是 A. 京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系 B. 工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性 C. 建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提 D. 高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力 【答案】B 【解析】新事物是指符合事物发展规律具有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物，旧事物是指违背事物发展规律没有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物。把京张高铁与“人”字形铁路的关系看成是新旧事物的关系，说法错误，A排除；与“人”字形铁路相比较，京张高铁在工程设计与施工水平要高得多，这说明实践活动具有社会历史性，B正确；尊重客观规律是实践成功的前提和基础，C说法错误，排除；矛盾双方既对立又同一推动着事物的运动、变化、发展，D说法错误，排除。故本题选B。 3. 万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作 ①体现了自然性与人文性的统一 ②说明时代精神是艺术创新的泉 ③体现了创作者为祖国可山立传的文化自信 ④说明客观真实是评价艺术作品的根本标准 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】A 【解析】为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，这说明《长江万里图》的创作体现了自然性与人文性的统一，①符合题意；该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河。这充分体现了创作者对中华文化的高度自信，③符合题意；社会实践是文化创新的源泉，②说法错误；社会实践是检验文化创新的根本标准，④说法错