定语从句详解 Prepared on 24 November 2020
定语从句（AttributiveClauses）
一：定义 (AttributiveClauses)：在复合句中，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的，用作定语来修饰主句的某个名词或代词（先行词）或者整个句子的形容词性从句（定语从句），一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词和从句
1）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词
2）关系词：引导定语从句，代替先行词在从句中充当成分的词
3）从句：既然为句，就有人称，时态，数的变化。
二：关系词：关系代词和关系副词
关系代词：who（指人），whom，whose，that，which，as；在从句中做主语，宾语，或定语，指人或物
关系副词：when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）；在从句中依次做时间，地点，原因状语，可以用介词（in，on，for，during等）+ which替换★补充1：人称代词：指直接指代人或者事物的代词
★补充2：物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也叫人称代词的所有格
★归纳表格（1）—关系代词
★归纳表格（2）—关系代词
★归纳表格（3）—关系代词
★归纳表格（4）—关系副词
3：具体用法及实例
关系代词
1）Who：who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语，但不能放在介词后
（1）主语
分解：The man is a teacher. The man is speaking in the classroom.
合并：The man who is speaking in the classroom is a teacher
（2）宾语
分解：The man is my friend. You met the man in the street just now.
合并：The man who（whom）you met in the street just now（可后置） is my friend.
（3）概括
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
2）Whom：在从句中作宾语，可放在介词后
（1）宾语
分解：The woman is a doctor. They want to visit the woman.
合并： The woman whom they wanted to visit is a doctor.
（2）概括
He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterday.
小结：Who whom 都可在定语从句中充当宾语成分，但whom作为宾语，较为正式；而who作为宾语使用时，常用语非正式语中；二者若同时出现而且充当相
同成分，whom优先。
3）Whose：用来指人或物，（只能用作定语，若指物，相当于名词所有格，可以同of which互换）。
（1）定语
分解：The teacher praised Lilei. His English is the best in our class.
合并：The teacher praised Lilei, whose English is the best in our class.
分解：The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.
合并：
1）The house whose window is broken is mine. Whose = the house’s （whose相当于先行词的所有格）
2）The house the window of which is broken is mine.
3）The house of which the window is broken is mine.
4) which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，可放介词后
（1）主语
分解：Basketball is a game. Basketball is liked by most boys
合并：Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys.
（2）宾语
分解：We visited the farm yesterday. The Farm is located in the suburb of Beijing. 合并：The Farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing. （3）概括
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
★5）that：多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语；指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
（1）常规用法：It’s a question that (whic h) needs careful consideration.（指物，作主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree （指人，作主语。）
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.（指物，作宾语）（2）特殊用法：以下情况只能用that
1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。eg: All (that) she lacked was training.
2.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
eg:This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
eg: This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
4. 先行词中既有人又有物，人物并存时
eg:They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5.先行词被 every some no all any little much 等修饰时
eg: I have read all the books that you lend me.
6.先行词被the only, the very, the same ,the last 修饰时
eg: He is the only worker that was praised by the boss in the meeting yesterday.
7.主句中已经有who 或者 which 时
eg: Who is the student that is standing in the classroom.
eg: Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
小结：关系代词
That和which 在指物时，通常情况下，可以互换；某些情况（如上）只能用that；而某些情况（如下）不能用
1:引导非限制性定语从句时
2:在定语从句中，作介词的宾语，而介词又置于其前时，不能用that；通常介
词也会放到选项中，以增加难度；而在固定短语中，介词是不能提前的。
eg: This is the boy with whom he talked.
eg: This is the book on which she spent 10 dollars.
eg: The man whom/who you spoke to is a scientist.
eg: The man to whom/who you spoke is a scientist. （×）
eg: The city that/which he lives in is far away.
eg: The city in that/which he lives is far away.（×）
eg: Is this the book you are looking for
eg: The old man whom I am looking after is better.
关系副词
6）When：先行词是时间，在句中充当时间状语
eg: I remember the day when I first met her.
eg: The time when we got together finally came
7）Where:先行词是地点，在剧中充当地点状语
eg: China is the country where I was born.
eg: The housewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
8）Why：先行词是reason，在句中充当原因状语
eg: Can you tell me the reason why you lost the basketball game.
eg: Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
小结：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to
know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.
小结：关系代词和关系副词
关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
四：种类
1）限制性定语从句
eg: Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
eg: The town where I live is beautiful.
2）非限制性定语从句
eg: Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
eg: Linyi, where I live, is beautiful.
eg: My dictionary, which I bought last year is very popular with students.
eg: This novel, which I have read three times, is very interesting.
3）区别
（1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的部分，如若去掉，主句意思往往不明确；而非限制性从句是先行词的附加说明，即便去掉，也不会影响主句的意思，与主句之间
通常用逗号分开。
（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词所修饰时（皆有表强调之意味），其后定语从句通常是非限制性的。
（3）在限制性定语从句中，关系词可以省略（作宾语时）；而在非限制性从句中，关系词不可省略
（4）非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，进行修饰，此时谓语动词要用第三人称单数；而限制性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词，其多为单词或词组。
eg: China is a great country with splendid history, which is known to everyone.
eg: As is known to everyone, China is a great country with splendid history.
（5）As和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，as一般放在句首或句中，位置灵活从句为被动时，常用as；which一般放在句尾，从句为主动时，常用which;
（6）固定搭配，如such, as, the same后只能用as；
eg: This is the same pen as I lost.
eg: This is the same pen that I lost.
eg: This is such an interesting book as we all like.
eg: This is so interesting a book as we all like.
eg: This is such an interesting book as we all like it.
eg: This is so interesting a book as we all like it.
五：如何选用定语从句的关系词
1）判断是定语从句还是其他从句；
2）其次，如若是定语从句，分清限制性还是非限制性，找准主句和从句；
3）确定主句的先行词，是词（指人还是指物，关乎先行词的判断）还是句（关乎限制性和非限制性的判断），进行关系词的初步选择；
4）把先行词带回定语从句，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语，状语）进行关系词的再次判断：若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语，则选择关系代词；若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词；
5）如果先行词前有特殊修饰语或者固定搭配，以及特殊用法，则按部就班；
6）关系词如果在从句中担当主语，则根据先行词判断从句的谓语单复数（有时需要根据从句谓语单复数，进行先行词选择）；作宾语，则需注意先行词同从句谓语动词的搭
配，是否需要相关介词。Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,________usesitdifferently.
A.allofwhich
B.eachofwhich
C.allofthem
D.eachofthem
六：定语从句的误区（易犯错误）
1）混淆定语从句与并列句以及强调句
例：
1. He has two children, and both of _________ are abroad.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
2. He has two children, both of _________ are abroad.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
3. He has two children, both of _________ being abroad.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
3. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
判断：
4. He is such a good teacher as we all respect him.
5. As is known to us all that China is a developing country.
6）结合上下句语意
Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday
It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
2）混淆关系代词与关系副词：先行词时表示时间地点原因的名词时，不一定就要用关系副词，此种情况请看下面：
This is the factory where I want to work.
This is the factory that I want to visit.
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill.
The reason that he put forth is very important.
1. This is the room _________I lived ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
2. This is the room _________I lived in ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
3. This is the room _________I bought ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
4. This is the room _________I visited ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
5. This is the room _________I was born ten years ago.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
3）误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句
4）从句谓语动词单复数的误用,以及谓语动词所要搭配介词的误选
七：特殊用法（固定法则）
1）在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
例：
That is not the way ______I do it.
A./
B. which
C. for which
D. with which
What surprised me was not what he said but________ he said it. (04
湖北)
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
2）at which point用于引导定语从句，其意为“就在这时”“就在那时”等，在许多情况下相当于and at that (this) moment。
例：
The boy is playing computer game, at which point his mother comes 3） in which case主要用于引导非限制性定语从语，相当于and in that / this case，其意为“如果是那样/这样的话”。
例：
I may have to go into hospital take tutorial class, in which case I won’t be going on holiday.
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
定语从句十年高考真题汇编 1.【2012全国卷II】⒏ That evening, ______I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 3.【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4.【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 6.【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 7.【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 8.【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 9.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 10.【2012江西】28. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 11.【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 12.【2012浙江】9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13.【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 14.【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 15.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 16. 【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 17.【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 18.【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 19.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 20.【2011江西卷】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 21.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 22.【2011安徽卷】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 23. 【2011浙江卷】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 24. 【2011浙江卷】A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when
高中定语从句详细讲 解
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
高中英语定语从句用法全面系统讲解（1） 一、概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why 等。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。（引导词是关系代词that） His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。（引导词是关系代词whose） In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。（引导词是关系代词whom） In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。（引导词是关系代词who） I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。（引导词是关系副词when） This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。（引导词是关系副词where） 二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。 1、作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语） A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。（引导词that在句中作主语） The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语） They planted the trees which didn't need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词which在句中作主语） 2、作宾语 在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去 The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略）
定语从句讲解 1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略， 故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as. 关系副词：when, where, why. (that偶尔也作关系副词。) 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
高中定语从句详细讲解 一:定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 三:关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
定语从句练习题 选择: 1.Is this factory ____ we visited last week? Is this the factory ____ we visited last week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one 1.Let me think of a proper situation ______ this sentence can be used. A、where B、that C、of whom D、which 3.She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing. She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing. A、when B、what C、which D、why 4.The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak. A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which 5.Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names. A、who B、who want C、who wants D、what 6. I don't like English, _____ grammar I am not interested. I don't like English, ____ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _____ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _____ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose 7.I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am 9.His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday. A、that B、with which C、which D、without which 10.11. Which of the two cows ______ you keep produces more milk? A、which B、that C、what D、as 12.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 13.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the ones 14.______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. That 15.I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 16.How do you like the book? It’s quite different from _____ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 17.There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago. A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that 18.What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.