2015大学英语四级翻译答题技巧及答题步骤
一、答题技巧
现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。下面我们来介绍几种常用的翻译技巧：
(一)分句、合句法
很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
1.分句法
汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。
(1)从主语变换处断句
[例1]与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。
The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.
(2)从关联词(如转折处)断句
[例2]昨天出了好几起交通事故，或许是因为有大雾的缘故吧!
There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe because of the heavy fog.
(3)从意义完整、独立处断句
[例3]一转眼，20年就这样过去了，回首往事，是幸福，还是惆怅，恐怕连自己也难以搞清。
Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back，I’m afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past，happiness or sadness?
(4)原文出现总说或分述时要断句
[例4]我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户的需要。
The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.
Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.
(5)为了强调语气而采用断句
【例5】我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎。
We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
2.合句法
把汉语内容关系密切的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句就是合句译法。翻译时，既可以合译为一个主从句，也可合译为成分较为复杂(如包含非谓语动词等)的简单句。其优点在于不仅用词不多，而且句子显得流畅。合句译法的方法主要有：
(1)在关联词处合译
[例6]每去一次，我的药量就减少一些，最后医生告诉我说，不必再服药了。
With each visit，the dose of medicine prescribed to me would be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that 1 would no longer need them.
这句话的后半部分表示的是结果，在翻译时用一个定语从句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them将其连接起来。
(2)按内容连贯合译
[例7]老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点，老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。
Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn，for example--and they should be aware of that.
原文的几个短旬可被分为两个部分，后面一部分补充说明前面一部分的“弱点”。使用破折号可以简单明了地表达出补充说明的关系。
(3)从主语变换处合译
[例8]不注意眼睛的休息，长时间近距离用眼或长期的不正确姿势，会使人眼处于视疲劳状态，进而形成近视眼。
If they are used for a long time without rest，or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture，your eyes will be in a state of visual fatigue，which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.
如何提升大学英语四级翻译能力？
1. 词汇量达标
这个要求已经是老生常谈了，但我还是要反复强调一点，无论你有什么高招和技巧，没有词汇给你做基础，做任何部分都是不成功的。词汇量哪里去积累?大家可以通过记忆英语课堂上学的单词，也可以买本高频词汇看看，或者通过做题来积累一些词汇。词汇这个事情是个长久战，谁能坚持到最后，谁就是胜利者!
2. 注意时态
根据一些调查，发现同学们考试翻译时，容易一看到中文就马上翻译成英语，连前面的句子信息都省略不看，在此，我非常不赞同这个做法，前面的句子或短语包含的不只是信息也有时态之类的，如果直接上手写，那么也就是等于直接放弃这最好拿的得分点。
3. 注意用词
四六级翻译考察同学们的语言应用能力，所以在考试时，大家应尽量把自己的语言水平表现出来，所以应避免使用一些过于简单的词汇，而选择一些更高级的词汇，例如"have to"可以换成"be obliged to"，"help to"可以换成"contribute to"这样做之后，整个句子会亮眼很多。
4. 注意搭配
这里的搭配主要指一些固定搭配，如“学习知识”不能用"learn knowledge"，而必须用"acquire knowledge"，"concern"后面的介词必须跟"over"而不是"of",这些都是我们要好好学习的地方，可以通过日常积累，比如看英文报刊等等。
5. 懂得变通词汇
很多同学会碰到这样一件囧事，就是忽然间想不起一个词对应的英文单词是什么。不要急，在这种情况下，放弃是绝对不对的，我们可以另辟蹊径，一种方法是试着用几个词去解释这个单词，二是找个相近的英文单词来代替。如“匿名”对应的单词是"anonymity"，我们可以用"a unknown name"或者直接用同义词"pseudonym"来代替。
2015年12月英语四级翻译备考攻略：常见考点
段落翻译常见考点总结
1.固定搭配
固定搭配不仅是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是四六级考试中其他试题部分出现密度最高的知识点，尤其应该引起考生的高度重视。翻译中一句话除了有一定的语法外，更要有固定搭配来完整整个句子，保证句子的正确无误，比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这次都可能成为段落翻译出题的重点。
2.核心语法
语法知识虽然看起来很枯燥，但是在翻译和写作两个部分的运用却是最多的，翻译这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管句子翻译现在不考了，但是段落翻译还是由一个个单独的句子组成，所以大体上它们有些考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等，这些只是从中学时我们就接触过了，也应该了解它们在英语中的重要性。
3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查
动词可以说是英语中运用最为灵活的一类词，动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词，这些动词又可以细分出很多知识点，运用的时候要根据句子的实际情况加以筛选，所以考生一定要重点掌握。
英语四级翻译拿高分必搞懂的三大知识点
在课上重点强调的第一大句法考查就是修饰后置，三个大的知识点：介词使用(of/to/in…)、定语从句、插入语或同位语。现就此次翻译真题进行逐一讲解。
1. 介词使用(of/to/in…)
课堂回顾：
过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
习俗过中秋节的开始流行于唐代早期在中国各地。
The tradition of celebrating mid-autumn day became popular at the beginning of Tang dynasty throughout china.
这个句子有印象没?是我借的六级句子给大家讲的吧?
四级翻译真题：
中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。
中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。
中国给数百万在线零售商机会销售商品以极具竞争力的价格
China is providing millions of online retailers chances to sell goods at a very competitive price.
我们看到，完全不一样的两句话，完全一样的考点。
2. 定语从句
课堂回顾：
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。
Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.
我说过，『这』和『该』就是which吧，特别重要。来，上新句子：
四级真题：
据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。
It is reported that China’s courier service will deliver 12 billion packages, which will possibly make China the largest express market in the world, larger than the U. S.
请问：有差别吗?而且我是用最简单的单词和语法写的，你发现没?我要让你们知道，单词并不重要，翻译从来就不是学霸们才用得起的奢侈品。
然后，你再想想，定语从句能用的地方，再看看刚刚考过的句子，是不是有一种脑洞大开的感脚??
中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。
中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。
3. 插入语或同位语
课堂回顾：
大熊猫(giant panda)是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。
The giant panda, a sort of peaceful animal with unique white and black fur, has been listed as an endangered species because of its rarity.
此题是去年考过的，考前点睛班反复讲过的。
四级真题解析：
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。
China, the most ancient civilization in the world, is the starting place of many elements which formed the modern world’s fundamentals.
不知道该说点啥，只想说好好听课，啥都会了。
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(1)
slip one's mind 忘记
so far 迄今为止
somewhere around 大约
sooner or later 迟早，早晚
sore throat / foot 嗓子哑/腿酸
stay up late 熬夜
step by step 逐步地
subject to 受制于，易于
such as 例如，诸如
sufficient for 足够的
suitable for/to 适合于
superior to 优于，级别高于
sure of /about 对……有信心，确信suspicious of 怀疑
take a leave 请假
take a seat / be seated
take one's place 取代
take one's time 慢慢来
take sth. seriously 认真对待
take up 占据
thanks to 由于，多亏
that is (to say) 就是说，即
the reverse is also true 反之亦然tired of 对……不在感兴趣
to the point 切中要害，切题
turn over 倾覆
typical of 是典型的，特有的
uncertain of /about 不确知
under control 处于控制之下
under the circumstances 这种情况下
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(2) put up with 忍受
quite a few 相当多，不少
rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨
rather than 不是……（而是）
reach agreement 达成协议
reach an agreement 达成一致
regardless of 不顾，不惜
relative to 与……有关
remove from 从…除去
representative of 代表……的
resign one's post 辞职
responsible for 负责，是……原因
result from 由于
rich in 富于
right away 立即，马上
ring sb. up 打电话给…
rule out 排除…的可能性
run out of 用完
rush hours 上下班高峰
see to it that - make sure that 确保
sensible of 觉查到
sensitive to 对……敏感
set another date 改期 make on saturday / lock it
set one's mind on doing 决定 be determined to / have one's mind set on / bent on
short of 缺少
show off 卖弄
sick of 厌恶，厌倦
side by side 肩并肩，一起
similar to 相似
skilled at /in 善于
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(3) once upon a time 从前
one another 相互
one's cup of tea 喜欢的人/物
open to 不限制，开放的
opposite to 在对面
or else 否则，要不然
or so 大约，左右
other than 非；除了
out of breath 喘不过气来
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时的
out of doors 在户外
out of order 出故障的
out of place 不适当的
out of practice 久不练习，荒疏
out of sight 看不见，在视野外
out of the question 毫无可能的
out of touch 不联系，不接触
out of 从……中；由于；缺乏
over and over (again) 一再地，再三地
parallel to 与……平等，类似
particular about 挑剔，讲究
patient with 有耐心
peculiar to 独特的，独有的
pick up 捡
play by ear 见机行事
popular with 受……喜爱，爱戴
prior to 在……之前
pull one's leg 拿某人开玩笑 put someone on
put someone up 给某人提供住宿
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(4) on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on duty 上班，值班
on earth 究竟，到底
on fire 起火着火
on foot 步行
on guard 站岗，值班
on hand 在场，在手边
on loan to借给
on occasion (s) 有时，间或
on one's guard 警惕，提防
on one's own 独立，独自
on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售，廉价出售
on schedule 按时间表，准时
on second thoughts 经重新考虑
on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根据，以……为由on the other hand 另一方面
on the point of 即将……的时刻
on the road 在旅途中
on the side 作为兼职/副业
on the spot 在场；马上
on the whole 总的来说，大体上
on time 准时
on (an/the) average 平均，通常
once (and) for all 一劳永逸地
once again 再一次
once in a while 偶尔
once more 再一次
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(5) make a living 谋生
make it 成功
make the best / most of 充分利用
many a 许多
mark the papers 批改考卷
mayor / minor in
meet one's needs 满足要求
might as well 不妨
mistake a for b 认错
more or less 或多或少，有点
my treat 我请客
narrow escape 九死一生
necessary to /for 必要的
next door 隔壁的，在隔壁
next to 下一个，其次
no doubt 无疑地
no less than 不少于……；不亚于
no longer 不再
no more than 至多，同……一样不
no more 不再
none other than 不是别的，正是nothing but 只有，只不过
now and then 时而，偶尔
off and on 断断续续，间歇地
off duty 下班
on (the) one hand 一方面
on a large/small scale 大/小规模地on account of 由于
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船（车/飞机）上
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(6) in touch 联系,接触
in turn 依次,轮流;转而
in vain 徒劳,白费力
indifferent to无兴趣,不关心
indignant with sb.愤慨
inferior to级别低于,不如
innocent of无...罪,无辜
instead of 代替,而不是
intent on专心于
invisible to不可见的
jealous of嫉妒
just now 眼下;刚才
keep one's eyes on关注
keep on爱好,很喜欢
keep track of 留心
kind of / sort of有点somewhat
lay off 下岗
leave alone别说
let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密
liable for对...有责任
liable to易于
little by little 逐渐地
look for / hunt for 找工作
lost the point弄错
lots of 许多
loyal to忠于
mad about/on狂热迷恋
mad at/with sb.生气,愤怒
mad with因...发狂
make (both) ends meet收支平衡
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(7) in place 在合适的位置
in practice 在实践中，实际上
in proportion to 与……成比例
in public 公开地，当众
in quantity 大量
in question 正在谈论的
in regard to 关于，至于
in relation to 关于，涉及
in return for 作为对……报答
in return 作为报答/回报/交换
in short 简言之，总之
in sight 被见到；在望
in spite of 尽管
in step with 与……一致/协调
in tears 流着泪，在哭着
in terms of
in the company / wake of 随着
in the course of 在……期间/过程中
in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后，终于
in the event of 如果……发生，万一
in the face of 即使；在……面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未来
in the heat of the day 一天中最热的时候
in the least 丝毫，一点
in the long run 长期
in the way 挡道
in the world 究竟，到底
in time 及时
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(8) in all 总共，合计
in any case 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in brief 简单地说
in case of 假如，防备
in charge of 负责，总管
in common 共用的，共有的
in consequence (of) 因此；由于
in debt 欠债，欠情
in detail 详细地
in difficulty 处境困难
in effect 实际上，事实上
in favor of 支持，赞成
in front of 面对，在……前
in general 一般来说，大体上
in half 成两半
in hand 在进行中，待办理
in honor of 为庆祝，为纪念
in itself 本质上，就其本身而言
in line with 与……一致
in memory of 纪念
in no case 决不
in no time 立即，马上
in no way 决不
in order 按顺序，按次序
in other words 换句话说
in part 部分地
in particular 特别，尤其
in person 亲自，本人
in place of 代替，取代，交换
2015年12月英语四六级翻译常用词组(9) go through 从头到尾
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.doczj.com/doc/1d15360488.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专，肖鹏，熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日） 摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材
Unit 1 课文翻译及课后练习翻译参考答案 课文翻译： Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们也承认自己的迷茫：在这个变幻莫测的时代，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也感到纠结——一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终，本科教育的质量将由毕业生参与社会与公民活动的主动性来衡量。雷霍德·尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有奉献社会，才能了解自我。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心（或直译：一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心），他将会失去自我。”理想化的本科教育应该反映在超越自我中。在这一个残酷的、竞争激烈的社会，人们期望大学生能具备正直、文明，甚至富有同情心的人格品质，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合（或直译：希望大学的人文教育能使大学生在与他人的人际交往中具备人文情怀，这是否合适）? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。这迫切需要美国教育有助于弥合公共政策与公众理解程度之间的极具危险性、正日益加深的鸿沟。建设性思考政府议程问题所必备的知识似乎越来越无法掌握。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。他们问，如果一些非专业人士甚至不懂专业术语，怎么可能让他们去讨论重大的政策选择问题? 核能的利用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 公民们带着类似的困惑讨论“星球大战”问题，试图搞懂那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及相互竞争中的有线电视公司对许可证的申请等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家来解决。这些专家讨论专门术语，常常不是阐明问题，反而使问题变得让人迷惑不解。然而，公共生活的复杂性，要求更多、而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极、而非更消极的公众参与。 对于那些关心“民治”政府的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜、危在旦夕，无知是不可取的。由视野有限的专家完全控制政策制定，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们如果不能找到更好的方法教育自己，如果不能提出难题，并得到满意的答案，那么我们会冒险做一些关键性的决定，不是基于我们所了解的知识，而是基于对一两个所谓专家的盲目信任。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育(well-informed)、关心他人(caring)的人士。他们能作为公民，本着服务大众的精神，团结一致，相互学习，参与到民主建设之中。 我们需要关心公众事务的人，他们能参与调查，知道如何提出合适的问题，了解公民政策制定的程序，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出有根据的、敏锐的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府”要有生命力的话，大学相对于其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的开明领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，所需的视野不仅要着眼国内，还必须放眼世界。当代大学生必须还了解其它国家的民族与文化。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖
FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1
Rise from China Today to Create Your World of Tomorrow An Intermediate Course of Translation and Interpretation in Natural English Series 一. 英语是全世界使用民族最多、使用范围最广的语言，汉语是全世界使用人口最多、使用范围越来越广的语言，在各种情况下把英语或汉语作为母语、第二语言和外国语使用的人数约占全世界人口的一半, 而且正在呈几何级数性增长。语言与文化方面的观察家们认为，随着时代的进一步发展，尤其是随着中国社会的进一步国际化，英汉两种语言之间的翻译将成为全世界信息网络翻译的主要领域。因此，如果你掌握了英、汉这两种人类使用最多的语言及其文化背景，又能在两者之间进行必要的翻译，那么在当代社会你决不会成为落伍者；在国际政治、经济、科学、艺术、交流日益频繁，全球主义文化成为时代主旋律的21世纪，你不费吹灰之力就能找到自己的用武之地。 二. 从事翻译需要在所翻译的两种语言方面都有扎实的功底，但这决不意味着只要两种语言功底好就无需学习翻译。假如你掌握了两种方言，你就会知道，把一种方言翻译成另一种方言也并非容易：有时候一种方言中的词语很难在另一种方言中找到完全对应的词语。方言之间尚且如此，在中西两种语系不同的语种之间进行翻译其难度就可想而知了。不同的语言具有不同的结构体系，其间的概念与各种形式关系并非整齐划一地个个对应，常常难以对号入座。同时，由于语言在具体的语境中使用时千变万化，无论什么双语辞典也都无法解决翻译中所有的具体问题。所以, 一个人即使熟练地掌握了两种语言，可以分别在其中任何一种语言体系中纵横自如，但在翻译时却仍然可能会不知所措，甚至会突然陷入“失语”的尴尬境地。总之，把两种语言分开来讲都讲得很好的人，一旦把二者联系起来讲就可能会遇到麻烦, 甚至哪一种也讲不好！这是因为双语交叉使用时必然会出现二者相互影响、干扰的情况。要证明这一点非常简单：请一个英、汉两种语言都很好但不从事翻译工作的人随意讲一段连续的话，请他/一句汉语一句英语地讲，看看他/能否像连续讲一种语言时那样既自然又流利，既不重复又连贯密切。总之，无数双语工作实践经验已经证明，翻译需要专门的训练，扎实的的双语功底只是通过训练学好翻译的条件。 三. 语言水平的高低永远是相对的, 语言学习也永远没有止境。因此, 我们也不能认为只有语言功底十分扎实，语言水平达到尽善尽美的程度以
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
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中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。
韶关学院 期末考核报告 科目：专业英语 学生姓名： 学号： 同组人： 院系： 专业班级： 考核时间：2012年10月9日—2012年11月1 日评阅教师： 评分：
第1章英文阅读材料翻译 (1) 第2章中文摘要翻译英文 (3) 第3章中文简历和英文简历 (4) 第4章课程学习体会和建议 (6) 参考文献 (7)
第1章英文阅读材料翻译 Mechanization and Automation Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century. The current developments of automatic processes are, however, different from the old ones. The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries inasmuch as mechanization was applied to individual operations, wherea s “automation” is concerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit. And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that whereas mechanization displaces muscle, “automation”displaces brain as well. The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the other end of the scale are “ transfer machines” , as they are now called, which may be as simple as a conveyor belt to another. An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulation; that is, it can regulate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. Now people often talk about “feedback” as begin an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is base an automatic self-regulating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired condition can be detected, measured, reported and corrected. when “feedback” is applied to the process by which a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts which have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. But “feedback”, as such, is a familiar mechanical conception. The old-fashioned steam engine was fitted with a centrifugal governor, two balls on levers spinning round and round an upright shaft. If the steam pressure rose and the engine started to go too fast, the increased speed of the spinning governor caused it to rise up the vertical rod and shut down a valve. This cut off some of the steam and thus the engine brought itself back to its proper speed. The mechanization, which was introduced with the Industrial Revolution, because it was limited to individual processes, required the employment of human labor to control each machine as well as to load and unload materials and transfer them from one place to another. Only in a few instances were processes automatically linked together and was production organized as a continuous flow. In general, however, although modern industry has been highly mechanized ever since the 1920s, the mechanized parts have not as a rule been linked together. Electric-light bulbs, bottles and the components of innumerable mass-produced
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.
False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no