全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码：0830
Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)
1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（）
A．all consonants B．vowels only
C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants
2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually
pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work.
（）
A．deletion B．assimilation
C．phonetic D．sequential
3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix
C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root
4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English”
to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing
C．postposing D．maintaining
5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?
（）
A．complementary B．relational
C．superordinate D．gradable
6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（）
A．one-place predication B．two-place predication
C．three-place predication D．no-place predication
7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English,
word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.
（）A．SOV B．SVO
C．VSO D．OSV
8．Black English is a kind of _______________dialect.（）
A．regional B．standard
C．ethnic D．situational
9．The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _____________years old in one’s life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.
（）A．1-2 B．2-12
C．1-12 D．13-18
10．In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language.
What is meant by this ______________view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（）A．behaviorist B．nativist
C．mentalist D．empiricist
Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)
11.A scientific study of language is based on the s________________ investigation of language
data.
12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are
of interest to linguistic studies are called the p________________ medium of language.
13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to
their r________________ properties.
14.A f_________________ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same
time stands structurally alone.
15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship
between X and Y is i_________________
16.In Austin’ s early speech act theory, c________________ were statements that either state or
describe, and were thus verifiable.
17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss,
sound a________________ and sound movement.
18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in
f_________________ styles of language.
19.D_________________ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones,
two different auditory signals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.
20.At children’s language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or
predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_________________ sentences.
Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%×10=20%) 21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches
are equally favored by modern linguists.
22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with
sentences.
23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its
components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention.
24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in
these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for.
25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of
the words in question and the closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.
26. ( )The significance of Grice’s Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is
possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.
27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its
meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.
28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.
29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left
hemisphere of the brain.
30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of
years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.
Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)
31.phonemic contrast
32.free morphemes
33.hierarchical structure
34.co-hyponyms
35.utterance meaning
36.perlocutionary act
37.internal borrowing
38.subvocal speech
39.contrastive analysis
40.caretaker speech
Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)
41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal
communication system.
42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual
communities have one thing in common?
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 数学二真题分析 （word 版） 一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．． 指定位置上. （1） ）若函数10(),0x f x ax b x ?->?=??≤? 在0x =处连续，则（ ） (A)12ab = (B)12ab =- (C)0ab = (D)2ab = 【答案】A 【解析】001112lim lim ,()2x x x f x ax ax a ++→→-==Q 在0x =处连续11.22b ab a ∴=?=选A. （2）设二阶可导函数()f x 满足(1)(1)1,(0)1f f f =-==-且''()0f x >，则（ ） 【答案】B 【解析】 ()f x 为偶函数时满足题设条件，此时01 10()()f x dx f x dx -=??，排除C,D. 取2()21f x x =-满足条件，则()112112()2103 f x dx x dx --=-=-
【答案】D 【解析】特值法：（A ）取n x π=，有limsin 0,lim n n n n x x π→∞→∞ ==，A 错； 取1n x =-，排除B,C.所以选D. （4）微分方程的特解可设为 （A ）22(cos 2sin 2)x x Ae e B x C x ++ （B ）22(cos 2sin 2)x x Axe e B x C x ++ （C ）22(cos 2sin 2)x x Ae xe B x C x ++ （D ）22(cos 2sin 2)x x Axe e B x C x ++ 【答案】A 【解析】特征方程为：2 1,248022i λλλ-+=?=± 故特解为：***2212(cos 2sin 2),x x y y y Ae xe B x C x =+=++选C. （5）设(,)f x y 具有一阶偏导数，且对任意的(,)x y ，都有(,)(,)0,0f x y f x y x y ??>>??，则 （A ）(0,0)(1,1)f f > （B ）(0,0)(1,1)f f < （C ）(0,1)(1,0)f f > （D ）(0,1)(1,0)f f < 【答案】C 【解析】(,)(,)0,0,(,)f x y f x y f x y x y ??>
全国 2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码： 00830 I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2%×10=20% ) 1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. () A. system B. structure C. competence D. performance 2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. () A. larynx B. hard palate C. glottis D. vocal cords 3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. () A. two roots B. a root and a prefix C. a root and a suffix D. a root and a free morpheme 4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules,which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP→ ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).) A. phrases B. clauses C. sentences D. constituents 5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the“ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed by ______. () A. Plato B. Ogden and Richards C. John Firth D. Bloomfield 6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. () 1
查看文章 【收藏】北京大学中文系推荐免试研究生必读书目读后有感 2009-09-29 11:07 北京大学要求不严，北京大学中文系要求不严，它崇尚的是一种学习的自由。但学习在那种大师和名校的气氛中，学习在那种图书众多和无数讲座的亲切交谈中，你自己就已经沐浴在她的朝霞中，你自己就已经在鞭策自己不要辜负了这个学校的名字和那些已逝的大师。 北京大学中文系接受全国优秀免试生为直升研究生，但要经过严格的面试和笔试进行选拔，在北京大学中文系的校园网上它挂出了这些书目。看着这些书目我觉得自己读书是如此的浅薄和单一。我想，与我有同一感想的朋友颇多，遂把它陈列出来，作为我们的参考。 古语有云：修身齐家治国平天。又云，达则兼济天下，穷则独善其身。诸葛亮说：非淡泊无以名志，非宁静无以致远。然后在浮躁的今天，这已经是我们可望不可及的梦想，或者是想像古代文人读书的一种渴望方式。也许，多读几本书还是可以享受一下自己的乐趣，陶冶自己的情操。所以我们不妨读读北京大学中文系的推荐书目，尤其是致力于考研究生的朋友。 很多书我们无法在短时间里面读完，这不要紧，把书名、作者、出版社能够顺利背出来，这也是一件很好的事情。古代很多士大夫的学习和钻研就是从背篇目开始。 附录： 文艺学专业必读书目（推荐免试学生使用） 1．《文心雕龙注》上下范文澜注人民文学出版社 2．《文心雕龙研究史》张少康汪春泓等著北京大学出版社 3．《文学理论的未来》（美）拉尔夫﹒科恩主编中国社会科学出版社4．《苏联文学学学派》彭克巽主编北京大学出版社 5．《路德维希﹒费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》恩格斯著 人民出版社 6．《批评理论和叙事阐释》詹姆逊文集2 中国人民大学出版社 2004年 7．《文学理论学导论》董学文著北京大学出版社 8．《中国文艺理论百年教程》毛庆耆等著广东高等教育出版社 9．《叙事学与小说文体学研究》申丹著北京大学出版社 10．中外经典文学名著三部 语言学及应用语言学专业必读书目（推荐免试学生使用） 1．《语法答问》朱德熙 2．《现代汉语语法研究》朱德熙 3．《中国文法要略》吕叔湘 4．《汉语语法分析问题》吕叔湘 5．《汉语语法论》高名凯 6．《上古音研究》李方桂 7．《汉语语音史》王力 8．《现代语言学教程》霍凯特
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% × 10=20%) 1. The fact that different sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages well illustrates the ________ nature of language. A. cultural B. dual C. productive D. arbitrary 2. In English the two sounds [p] and [p h] are ________. A. a minimal pair B. allophones C. two phonemes D. in phonemic contrast 3. The word “decentralize” contains ________ morphemes. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 4. A ________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,”“but,”“or.” A. simple B. complicated C. coordinate D. complex 5. The sentence “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” is a typical example of violation of ________. A. speech act theory B. principles of conversation C. selectional restrictions D. grammatical rules 6. The illocutionary point of the ________ is to commit the speaker to something’s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. A. expressives B. commissives C. declaratives D. representatives 7. ________ separated the period of Middle English from that of Modern English. A. The revival of Latin as a literary language
【语言学名著选读】 课型/编号专业选修课/161007251 学时/学分 36/2 课程简介 语言学名著选读是汉语国际教育专业 和汉语言文字学专业的专业必修课。语言学名著选读课属于语言学范畴，主要向学生介绍古今中外在语言学史上有重大贡献的书籍。 教学目的 开设语言学名著选读课，主要目的不光是让学生认识阅读这些名著，更重要的是对语言学的发展脉络有清楚的认识，从而拓宽学生的思路，对于今后的语言学研究有很大帮助。 教学内容 分为两大部分，汉语语言学名著和西方语言学名著。汉语语言学名著包括：《马氏文通》、《中国文法要略》、《新著国语文法》、《现代汉语》、《语法讲义》、《语法答问》等；西方语言学名著包括：《论人类语言结构的差异及对人类精神发展的影响》、《普通语言学教程》、《语言论》、《句法结构》、《现代语言学教程》等。通过泛读这些经典语言学名著，让学生对语言学有整体上的把握，为今后的语言学研究打下基础。 教学方式 课上以教师授课为主，辅以课堂讨论，课后学生阅读名著，做研究报告等形式。 考核方式 论文或考试节课。成绩比例为平时成绩和期中成绩占40%，期末考试成绩占60%。 使用教材 自编讲义。 参考书目 1.马建忠：《马氏文通》，商务印书馆，1983。 2.吕叔湘：《中国文法要略》，商务印书馆，1956。 3.黎锦熙：《新著国语文法》，湖南教育出版社，2007。 4.王力：《中国现代语法》，商务印书馆，1985。 5.朱德熙：《语法讲义》，商务印书馆，2003。 6.朱德熙：《语法答问》，商务印书馆，1985。 7.[瑞士]索绪尔：《普通语言学教程》，商务印书馆，1980。 8.[德]威廉·冯·洪堡特：《论人类语言结构的差异及其对人类精神发展的影响》，商务印书馆，1999。 9.[美]爱德华·萨丕尔：《语言论》，商务印书馆，1985。 10.[美]布隆菲尔德：《语言论》，商务印书馆，1998。 11.[美]乔姆斯基：《句法结构》，中国社会科学出版社，1984。 12.[美]霍凯特：《现代语言学教程》，北京大学出版社，2003。
考研数学二真题及答案 解析 Document number：WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 数学二试题及答案解析 一、选择题：（1~8小题,每小题4分，共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是 符合题目要求的。） (1)下列反常积分中收敛的是 (A)∫√x 2 (B)∫lnx x +∞2 dx (C)∫1 xlnx +∞ 2 dx (D) ∫x e x +∞2dx 【答案】D 。 【解析】题干中给出4个反常积分，分别判断敛散性即可得到正确答案。 ∫√x 2 =2√x|2 +∞ =+∞； ∫lnx x +∞2dx = ∫lnx +∞ 2d(lnx)=1 2(lnx)2| 2 +∞=+∞； ∫1xlnx +∞2dx =∫1 lnx +∞2 d(lnx)=ln?(lnx)|2+∞=+∞； ∫x e x +∞2 dx =?∫x +∞ 2 de ?x =?xe ?x |2+∞+∫e ?x +∞2 dx =2e ?2?e ?x |2 +∞ =3e ?2， 因此(D)是收敛的。 综上所述，本题正确答案是D 。 【考点】高等数学—一元函数积分学—反常积分 (2)函数f (x )=lim t→0 (1+ sin t x )x 2t 在(-∞,+∞)内 (A)连续 (B)有可去间断点 (C)有跳跃间断点 (D)有无穷间断点 【答案】B 【解析】这是“1∞”型极限，直接有f (x )=lim t→0 (1+ sin t x )x 2t =e lim t→0x 2t (1+ sin t x ?1)=e x lim t→0sint t =e x (x ≠0), f (x )在x =0处无定义， 且lim x→0 f (x )=lim x→0 e x =1,所以 x =0是 f (x )的可去间断点，选B 。 综上所述，本题正确答案是B 。 【考点】高等数学—函数、极限、连续—两个重要极限 (3)设函数f (x )={x αcos 1 x β,x >0， 0,x ≤0 (α>0,β>0).若f ′(x )在x =0处连续，则
全国2018年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 课程代码：00830 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. （）A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.（） A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. （） A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. （）A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） 1
1996 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题 一、填空题( 本题共 5 小题, 每小题 3 分, 满分15 分. 把答案填在题中横线上.) x 2 (1) 设y(x e 2 ) 3 , 则y＿＿＿＿＿＿. x 0 (2) 1 2 2 (x 1 x ) dx ＿＿＿＿＿＿. 1 (3) 微分方程y 2y5y 0 的通解为＿＿＿＿＿＿. (4) 3 1 lim x sin ln(1 ) sin ln(1 ) x x x ＿＿＿＿＿＿. (5) 由曲线 1 y x , x 2及y 2 所围图形的面积S ＿＿＿＿＿＿. x 二、选择题( 本题共 5 小题, 每小题 3 分, 满分15 分. 每小题给出的四个选项中, 只有一项符合题目要求, 把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.) (1) 设当x 0时, e x (ax2 bx 1)是比x2 高阶的无穷小, 则( ) (A) 1 a , b 1 (B) a 1,b 1 2 (C) 1 a , b 1 (D) a 1,b 1 2 (2) 设函数 f ( x) 在区间( , ) 内有定义, 若当x ( , )时, 恒有 2 | f (x) | x , 则x 0 必是 f (x) 的( ) (A) 间断点(B) 连续而不可导的点 (C) 可导的点, 且 f (0) 0 (D) 可导的点, 且f (0) 0 (3) 设f (x) 处处可导, 则( ) (A) 当lim f (x) , 必有lim f ( x) x x (B) 当lim f (x) , 必有lim f (x) x x (C) 当lim f (x) , 必有lim f ( x) x x (D) 当lim f (x) , 必有lim f (x) x x 1 1 (4) 在区间( , ) 内, 方程| x | | x|cosx 0 ( ) 4 2 (A) 无实根(B) 有且仅有一个实根
自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017 2017 年自学备考正在开展中，考生们要扎扎实实地复习，一步一步地前进，以下是搜索整理的一份《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案，供参考练习，希望对大家有所帮助!想 了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们! I .Multiple Choice Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2% x 10=20%) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( ) A. gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A. Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night ” as “light ”.This shows: .( ) A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it? ” is __.( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/2013077375.html,rmative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
2011年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 现代语言学试卷 (课程代码 00830) I .Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% ) 1. Often referred to as a design feature of language, ________ enables speakers to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences that they have neither spoken nor heard before. 【】A.duality B.productivity C.displacement D.arbitrariness 2. ________ phoneticians study speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds. 【】 A.Articulatory B.Auditory C.Acoustic D.General 3. Morphemes such as -er, -en, in-are all called ________. 【】 A.free morphemes B.inflectional morphemes C.affixes D.roots 4. ________ is of critical importance because it allows the grammar to generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length. 【】 A.Recursiveness B.Phrase structure C.Transformation D.Movement 5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds.The words such as start, begin, and commence can be called ________ synonyms. 【】 A.dialectal B.stylistic C.emotive D.collocational 6. Acco rding to John Austin’s speech act theory, a(n)________ act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. 【】 A.prelocutionary B.locutionary C.illocutionary D.perlocutionary 7. Grimm’s Law can be expressed in t erms of natural classes of speech sounds: voiced aspirates become unaspirated; voiced stops become voiceless; voiceless stops become ________.【】A.affricates B.fricatives C.voiced D.aspirates 8. _________is characterized by the innovative, vivid and expressive use of nonstandard vocabulary as well as newly coined words, but it has traditionally carried a negative connotation. 【】A.Linguistic taboo B.Euphemism C.Slang D.V ernacular language 9. Which of the following cases supports the idea that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period? 【】
2008年研究生入学统一考试数学二试题与答案 一、选择题：1～8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内. （1）设2()(1)(2)f x x x x =--，则'()f x 的零点个数为（） ()A 0 ()B ()C ()D 3 （2）曲线方程为()y f x =函数在区间[0,]a 上有连续导数，则定积分0 ()a t af x dx ?（） ()A 曲边梯形ABCD 面积. ()B 梯形ABCD 面积. ()C 曲边三角形ACD 面积. ()D 三角形ACD 面积. （3）在下列微分方程中，以123cos 2sin 2x y C e C x C x =++（123,,C C C 为任意常数）为通解的是（） （5）设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内单调有界，{}n x 为数列，下列命题正确的是（） ()A 若{}n x 收敛，则{}()n f x 收敛. ()B 若{}n x 单调，则{}()n f x 收敛. ()C 若{}()n f x 收敛，则{}n x 收敛. ()D 若{}()n f x 单调，则{}n x 收敛. （6）设函数f 连续，若22(,)uv D F u v =?? ，其中区域uv D 为图中阴影部分， 则 F u ?=? （7）设A 为n 阶非零矩阵，E 为n 阶单位矩阵.若30A = ()A E A -不可逆，E A +不可逆. ()B E A -不可逆，()C E A -可逆，E A +可逆. ()D E A -可逆，E A +不可逆. （8）设1221A ?? = ??? ，则在实数域上与A 合同的矩阵为（）
全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题 课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.
南开大学中文系阅读书目 一、语言学类 普通语言学教程（瑞士〕索绪尔著高名凯译 语言（法）房德里耶斯著岑麟祥、叶蜚声译 语言论（美〕布龙菲尔德著袁家骅等译 语法哲学（丹麦）叶斯柏森著何勇等译 马克思主义与语言学问题（苏联）斯大林著李立三等译语言分析纲要（美）布洛赫、特雷杰著赵世开译） 句法结构（美）诺姆乔姆斯基著邢公畹等译 现代语言学教程（美）霍凯特著索振羽、叶蜚声译 西方语言学名著选读胡明扬主编 国外语言学概述一流派和代表人物赵世开主编 语言论高名凯著 语言学纲要叶蜚声、徐通锵著语言学概论马学良主编 语言学概论石安石、詹人凤著普通语音学纲要罗常培、王均著 世界字母简史周有光著 历史语言学徐通锵著 语义论石安石著 汉藏语概论马学良主编邢公畹等著 文化语言学邢福义主编 语言学史概要岑麟祥著 中国语言学史王力著 中国理论语言学史邵敬敏、方经民著 二、现代汉语类 现代汉语教程邢公畹主编现代汉语（增订本）胡裕树主 编 现代汉语参考资料胡裕树主编 现代汉语语音概要吴宗济主编 语音常识董少文著 汉语词汇讲话周祖谟著 现代汉语同汇符淮青著 汉语描写词汇学刘叔新著 词语的意义和结构周荐著 同义词语和反义词语刘叔新、 周荐著 同义词语的研究周荐著 胡同及其他张清常著 异文化的使者——外来词史有 为著 中国现代语法王力著 中国语法理论王力著 汉语语法纲要王了一（王力） 著 中国文法要略吕叔湘著 双语语法分析问题吕叔湘著 现代汉语语法讲话丁声树著 汉语口语语法赵元任著吕叔 湘译 语法答问朱德熙著 语法讲义朱德熙著 八十年代中国语法研究陆俭明 著 汉语语法专题研究高更生著 汉语词法论陈光磊著 汉语动同和动词性结构马庆株 著 现代汉语句型李临定著 现代汉语特殊句式宋玉柱著 现代汉语复句新解王维贤等著 现代汉语祈使句研究袁毓林著 现代汉语空语类研究沈阳著 语法修辞讲话吕叔湘、朱德熙 著 实用语法修辞于根元、苏培实、 徐枢、饶长溶著 修辞学发凡陈望道著 现代汉语修辞学张弓著 语篇的衔接与连贯胡壮麟著 汉语方言概要袁家骅著 汉语方言调查基础知识邢公畹 著 现代汉语方言詹伯慧著 汉语方言调查手册李荣编著 方言调查字表（修订本）中国 社会科学院语言研究所编 中国文字学唐兰著 文字学概要裘锡圭著 汉字改革概论周有光著 三、古代汉语类 汉语史稿王力著 古代汉语（修订本）王力主编 古代汉语教程解惠全主编 说文解字（东汉）许慎著 说文解字注（清）段玉裁撰 说文通训定声（清）朱骏声著 文字蒙求（清）王筠著 说文解字通论陆宗达著 广韵（北宋）陈彭年等著 中原音韵（元）周德清著 汉语音韵学导论罗常培著 汉语音韵王力著 汉字古音手册郭锡良著 诗词格律王力著 释名（东汉）刘熙著 尔雅义疏（清）郝懿行著 尔雅今注徐朝华著 广雅疏证（清）王念孙著 经义述闻（清）王引之著 古书疑义举例（清）俞樾著 训诂简论陆宗达著 古汉语词汇纲要蒋绍愚著 经传释词（清）王引之著 助字辨略（清）刘淇著 马氏文通（清）马建忠著 古汉语语法及其发展杨伯峻 何乐士著 社科中文工具书使用邓宗荣著
2006年数学（二）考研真题及解答 一、填空题 （1）曲线4sin 52cos x x y x x += -的水平渐近线方程为 . （2）设函数23 1sin ,0, (), x t dt x f x x a x ?≠? =??=? ? 在0x =处连续，则a = . （3）广义积分 22 (1) xdx x +∞=+? . （4）微分方程(1) y x y x -'= 的通解是 . （5）设函数()y y x =由方程1y y xe =-确定，则0 A dy dx == . （6）设矩阵2112A ?? = ?-?? ，E 为2阶单位矩阵，矩阵B 满足2BA B E =+，则B = . 二、选择题 （7）设函数()y f x =具有二阶导数，且()0,()0f x f x '''>>，x ?为自变量x 在0x 处的增量，y ?与dy 分别为()f x 在点0x 处对应的增量与微分，若0x ?>，则 （A ）0.dy y <
全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clipping C. blending D. abbreviating 8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusual C. pejorative D. commendatory 9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （） A. brain B. vocal cords C. tongue D. articulatory organs 10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （） A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% ) 11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. 13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology. 14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence. 15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites. 16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.