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现在分词和动名词的区别

现在分词和动名词的区别
现在分词和动名词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别

如果你只想知道动名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子sleeping baby reading room 这

里sleeping是现在分词,因为sleeping=baby is sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词;而reading room 不等同于room is reading,所以reading是动名词

动名词在形式上,和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点;

而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(主语)

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(主语)

Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。(表语)

What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。(表语)

My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(表语)

To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。(表语)

Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。(宾语)

I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语)

She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。(介词宾语)

My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。(介词宾语)

Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语)

由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语;可以被副词修饰。例如:

My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语) Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。(you是动名词meeting的宾语)I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving)

动名词还有几种形式:

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

doing

being done

完成式

Having done

Having been done

§11动名词(短语)的句法功能:

1.动名词具有名词的特征,做主语。例如:

Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。

Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.扫地是我妻子的日常工作。

Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。

【注意】注意以下句型,“it”是形式主语,动名词是正真的主语。动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。例如:

It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处。我建议你应该戒掉。

It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间。

It is no use operating on this woman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了,她本来应该在两个小时之前送来。

Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴。

2.作表语

My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。

The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。

To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃。

【注意】一般来说,动名词作表语表示主语的内容;而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性。例如:

The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来。(表示主语的内容)

Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪。(表示主语的内容)

The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心。(表示主语的特征)

It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴。(表示主语的特征)

3.作宾语

Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。

I wouldn't mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿,我没有意见。

I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证,如果当时我能避免的话,我是决不会麻烦你的。

I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。

She couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车。

I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说。

【注意】

1.只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有:admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, can't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。

2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式,也可以用动名词。这样的动词有:like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, propose, can't bear, cease, choose, decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。例如:

Do you like swimming( to swim)? 你喜欢游泳吗?

We began listening (to listen)to music.我们开始听音

She propose making(to make)a change in our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动。

3.下列动词后既可接不定式,也可接动名词,但所表示的意思不同。例如:

1)remember to do something 记住要做某事

remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事

例如:

I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了。

Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信。

I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影。

I should remember to see the film.我应该记住去看这部电影。

2)forget to do something 忘记要做某事

forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

例如:

I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。

I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我。

3) stop to do something 停下某事去做……

stop doing something 停止做某事

例如:

I really must stop smoking. 我的确该戒烟。

I have been working all the morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了,我得停下抽支烟。

4) try to do something 设法做某事

try doing something (做某事)试试

例如:

Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作。

Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音,那么敲敲后门试一试。

5)regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀(不愉快)

regret doing 因做某事感到后悔

例如:

I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。

I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你,我们不能接受你的雇用。

6)mean doing 意味着或意思是

mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事

例如:

We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我们知道,学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习。

I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情。

7)go on to do something (做完某事)接着做另一件事

go on doing something 继续做某事

例如:

I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。

Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在欢迎新生后,我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度。

8)need to do something 需要做某事(表示主动)

need doing something 需要……(表示被动)

例如:

You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习。

Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。

9)want to do something 想做某事(表示主动)

want doing 需要……(表示被动)

例如:

I want to study French.我想学习法语。

The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。

10)begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动名词。

A.主语是物而不是人时。例如:

The ice began(started) to melt. 冰开始融化。

The barometer began (started)to fall. 气压计开始下降。

B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时。例如:

She is beginning (starting) to cook the dinner.她开始做饭。

C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。例如:

I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自己过去的错误。

She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷,这件事究竟是谁做的。

11)请比较以下句子:

The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了。

The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了。

第一句的意思可能是:“公共汽车今天停开,但是明天将再开。“第二个句子的意思可能是:“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间,也可能永远不再开了。”

12)在like, hate, prefer动词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语,如果指特定的或具体的动作时,用不定式。例如:

I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。

I'd like to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视。

I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。

I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言。

I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书,不爱看电视。

I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视。

13) be afraid to do something 害怕(不敢)去做某事,(常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果);而be afraid of doing something 表示害怕(担心)会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况(不一定是令人畏惧的情况),可译为“唯恐(怕)”。例如:

She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累,不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)

She was afraid to wake her husband up.(如叫醒丈夫,可能他要发火,责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事)

I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师。(要麻烦老师,是我不希望发生的)

I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师。(表示有必要去问,但老师可能要批评我)

4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多,常见的这样短语有:accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , be afraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect …of, accuse…of, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keep)…from, hear of 等。例如:

I am proud of working with you. 我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲。

She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长于唱歌跳舞。

I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工业展览。

I am interested in skating. 我对滑冰感兴趣。

5.下列动词短语中的“to”是介词,不是不定式的符号,因此后面要接动名词或名词。accommodate oneself to 使……适应于,be accustomed to(accustom oneself to)习惯于(使……

习惯于),be addicted to 沉湎于,admit to承认,be agreeable to欣然同意,confess to承认,confine oneself to使局限于,contribute to有助于,devote…to 把……奉献给……,be devoted to 献身于,专心于,be equal to能胜任,fall to 着手,have no (have an)objection to不反对,(反对),object to 反对,look forward to盼望,be opposed to反对,pay attention to 注意,lend oneself to帮助,prefer doing something to doing something宁愿……而不……,see to注意,take to开始从事于,when it comes to 谈到,至于,就……而论,be used to 习惯于等等。

例如:

When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 谈到写短篇文章,你最好请教他。

I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能胜任这工作。

I have got used to working on the night shift. 我上夜班已经习惯了。

I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己写一本小说。

She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒绝承认打破窗子。

6.动名词也可以和以下短语连用,作状语。常见的短语有:apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等。例如:

We should stay at home today instead of going to school. 今天我们应该呆在家里而应去上学。

He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平。

§12动名词的完成式与被动形式

1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作(即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作)或者是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如:

I hate going out in such weather.我讨厌这种天气出门。

He put off making a decision. 他拖延时间,不做决定。

2.动名词的完成式表示一个动作完成状况,通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如:

I am proud of having written such a good novel.我写了一本这样好的小说,感到很骄傲。

You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你没有遵守诺言本来应该向我表示歉意。

I remember having seen this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。

I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失败了。我后悔没有听他的劝告。

Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你记得曾经答应过我这件事吗?

【注意】

1.在实际应用中,虽然动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的,但我们可以用动名词的一般式。例如:

Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。

On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家,就给我打电话了。

Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.谢谢你替我去参加了会议。

2.如果一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的承受者时,这个动名词一般来说要用被动形式。例如:

You can't go out without being allowed. 没有人批准你不能出去。

You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在动手术之前你不能吃东西。

This math problem is far from being worked out. 这道数学难题没有解出来。

Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老师的惩罚不介意吗?

She was furious at being denied admittance. 不让她去她很生气。

§13使用动名词应注意的几个问题

1.动名词的复合结构:如果一个动名词或动名词短语前用一个物主代词或名词的所有格(在口语中可以用宾格代词)来表示动名词的逻辑主语,这种结构被称为动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构具有以下句法功能:主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

It is no use your telling me not to worry. 你告诉我别担心是没有用的。(主语)

Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 你的正确未必就意味着我的错误。(主语或宾语)

The firm have deferred my going on holiday until next month. 商行已经把我的休假时间推迟到下个月。(宾语)

What's troubling me is your not having enough money.使我烦恼的是你没有足够的钱。(表语)

What made the teacher angry was Lipin's making much noise. 使教师生气的是李平的吵闹。(表语)

He laughed at my brother and me liking rice pudding.他嘲笑我的兄弟和我喜欢大米布丁。(用宾格代词,作介词的宾语)

There is no need for that being done.做那件事没有必要。

2.动名词做主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如:

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.当动名词作宾语而又带有自己的补足语(形容词或名词)时,要用it代表动名词,并将它放到补足语之后。例如:

I found it no use arguing with you.我觉得与你辩论是徒劳无益的。

I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dictionary. 我认为这样的词典不值得一买。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗?

【注意】能够用于这一句型常见的动词有:consider, find, think等。能用于这一句型常见的形容词和名词有:any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous等。

4.下列短语中的介词常常省略,因此后面要接动名词。

1)Spend time(money) (in) 花时间(钱)(干某事),

2)be busy (in) 忙于(干某事)

3)lose no time (in) 不失时机(干某事)

4)There is no point (in)(干某事)毫无意义

5)waste time (in) 浪费时间(干某事)

6)keep on 继续(干某事)

7)have no difficulty (in) (干某事)没有困难

8)have fun (in) (干某事)有趣

9)have (no)trouble (in) (干某事)有(没有)困难

10) have headaches (in) (干某事) 头痛

11) end up (by) (以干某事)告终

12) take turns (at) 轮流(干某事)

13) bother (about)(因干某事)烦恼

14) have a hard time (in)(因干某事)吃苦

15) be through (with) 完成

16) What's the use (of ) …(干某事)有什么用?

例如:

You needn't bother (about) coming up.你不必费心来跑一趟。

Let's take turns (at )doing it. 让我们轮流干吧!

5.动名词可以和介词构成短语,作定语用。能够被这种定语修饰的名词有:method of , way of, surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, necessity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等。例如:

Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理学校的经验吗?

What's your reason for coming late? 你晚来是什么原因?

You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住参加亚运会这次机会。

Do you approve of my way of dealing with this matter? 你赞成我处理这件事的方法吗?

6.如果一个动名词具有很多名词的特点:可以有自己的冠词,有自己的定语,在某种情况下有复数形式;并且也失去了许多动词的特点:没有完成式和被动式,没有自己的状语和宾语,这样的动名词被称为名词化的动名词。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语,通常在这个名词化的动名词后加上一个介词of , 再加逻辑宾语。例如:

You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本来应该把教室好好打扫一下。(有自己的冠词)

It was Tom who did the recording. 是汤姆录的音。(有自己的冠词)

This work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密的计划。(有自己的定语)

Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你对他们的来踪去迹注意到了吗?(有复数形式)

Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、运土和打夯工作大部分用机器进行。(有自己的逻辑宾语)

7.动名词作表语与不定式作表语的比较:动名词主要说明行为本身,用来表示抽象、泛指的动作,并不明确表示动作发生的时间,而不定式则表示某次具体的,尚未发生的将来动作。例如:

My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(泛指的行为,表示职业)

My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教会他们读课文。(表示一次具体的任务)

Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他们所犯的另一个错误,就是认为可能击败对手。(不定式作表语表示已经发生的动作)

主语如果是动名词,则表语也应用动名词,不能用不定式。主语如果是不定式,表语也应用不定式,不能用动名词。例如:

Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不能说:Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.)

如果动作十分抽象,已经失去动词性能而接近名词,则用动名词。例如:

My hobby is gardening. 园艺是我的爱好。

不说:My hobby is to garden.

My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最爱好的冬季运动是滑冰。(不说:My favorite winter sport is to skate.)

参考资料:https://www.doczj.com/doc/2e43847.html,/users/teacher/winner/mysite/gerund.htm

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举报| 2006-02-12 17:16 Ginger7 | 四级

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别

V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分

列表对照如下:

一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:

1. 作主语、表语

动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如:

Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语)

Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)

2. 作宾语

动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如:

Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?

3. 作定语

动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如:

Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。

二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:

1. 作定语

现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:

The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。

若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如:

The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。

现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词

作定语表示作用与用途。如:

Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句which are sleeping)

I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping)

2. 作表语

现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如:

The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。

The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。

现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词be构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较:

Mr. Zhang is encouraging his students to study English thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.

The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。

3. 作宾语补足语

动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有find, see, hear, watch, have, get, catch, keep, leave等。如:

When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。

4. 作状语

现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:

All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。(伴随)

Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。(原因)

Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发

现这座城市更美丽。(条件)

My parents went to a birthday party yesterday, leaving me alone at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)

值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语, 构成独立主格结构. 此外, 现在分词也可以用在with的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:

Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)

With a guide leading the way, we found the village easily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含with的复合结构作状语)

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1.不定式的时态、语态有三种形式:①一般式,如,to write / to be written ;②进行式,如,to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written 。 2.基本用法 ①不定式的一般式,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式,表示不定式的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如: When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③.不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式:①一般式,如,doing / being done;

现在分词和动名词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别 如果你只想知道动名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子sleeping baby reading room 这 里sleeping是现在分词,因为sleeping=baby is sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词;而reading room 不等同于room is reading,所以reading是动名词 动名词在形式上,和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点; 而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(主语) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(主语) Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。(表语) What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。(表语) My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(表语) To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。(表语) Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。(宾语) I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语) She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。(介词宾语) My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。(介词宾语) Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语) 由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语;可以被副词修饰。例如: My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语) Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。(you是动名词meeting的宾语)I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving) 动名词还有几种形式: 主动形式

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词 今天我们来学习另外两种非谓语动词形式—现在分词和动名词。 现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的,都是doing,但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别,即便都可以做表语、定语,其含义也是大不相同的。 希望同学们通过今天的学习,能够真正领悟它们的用法和区别。 一.现在分词(The Present Participle): doing 1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成,表示主动或正在进行,主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用,可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。 (1)作表语。(与主语存在主动的逻辑关系) The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。

The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异。 (2)作定语。(与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系) Do you know the young man standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下的年轻人吗? The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. 穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨。 (3)作状语。(与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生) Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .(时间状语) 经过这所房子的时候,他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。

A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果状语) 大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了,只留下了沙子。 They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”(伴随状语)他们弄醒了他们的父母,喊着“圣诞节快乐”。 (4)作宾补。(与宾语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生) I hear a girl singing in the next room. 我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 2、现在分词的否定式:not doing Not knowing where he is, she is feeling anxious. 不知道他在哪里,她感到非常焦急。

冀教版初中英语七年级上册语法动名词和现在分词的区别教案

湖南省娄底市双峰县曾国藩实验学校初中英语语法《动名词和现在 分词的区别》教案 V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teac her angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语) 2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? 3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。 a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的baby) baby可以睡觉--动作性--现在分词 a sleeping car.(卧车)车不可以睡觉--名词性---动名词 二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如: 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行,现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcas t is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的 歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动 名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping) I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等 修饰。如: The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。 The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。

现在分词和动名词的区别

现在分词和动名词的区别 动名词和现在分词:都由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质和原义,但不能做动词使用。 两者的区别主要表现在: 1. –ing在句中作定语,它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词 动名词作定语时:说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用“use for +动名词”这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系; 现在分词作定语时:表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句); 还有一种区别方法是: 如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词; 如果ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。 a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping此处为动名词); a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在分词) 2. 动名词具有名词的性质: (1)可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词 A knocking at the door was heard. (2)可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式 He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I cannot keep track of all his comings and goings. (3)可以带所有格以表明动作者 Please excuse my coming late. 3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同 “动名词+名词”的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleeping suit) “现在分词+名词”的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child) 4. 动名词用法的特殊情况 ①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 No smoking=Don’t do=Don’t smoke. ②There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to= No one can (or We cannot) There is no telling when lasting peace will come. 谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来 ③Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever He never comes without bringing some present. ④It goes without saying that(…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. ⑤Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情),动名词之前都由the、所有

动名词和现在分词区别

英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词:在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend. 在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地遇到歧视。 Living in gigs means having one room in someone's house. 寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。 附:动名词用法口诀: 动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。 说明:1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语3、表------表语4、定------定语5、谓动---谓语动词 形式(一般式,完成式和被动式)(1) 动名词的一般式: doing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 如:We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us. 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after,on,upon,或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 如:I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式: having done 所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3) 动名词的被动式:being done 当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。 如:I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。

现在分词与动名词

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别 V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分 列表对照如下: 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语) 2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? 3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。 二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如: 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句which are sleeping) I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等修饰。如: The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 (一)现在分词的定义: 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。 (二)现在分词的功能与用法: 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如: The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get make 注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有: interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的

英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别

动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词,何时为现在分词。首先,我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词或副词时,称为现在分词。其次,我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。 一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。 1.动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。 Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 2.有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面 It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。 It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。 It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。 3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。 There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。 二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。 1.有许多动词可接动名词作宾语 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。 So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外? He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。 I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。 2.有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语 He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。 Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。 三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词,动名词不可以用作状语。 现在分词及其短语可以用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

动名词和现在分词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别 1、做定语时有区别 ①动名词作定语时放在被修饰词之前,用于说明事物的用途或性质 例:drinking water 饮用水washing machine 洗衣机sleeping pills 安眠药②现在分词作定语时表示所修饰名词的动作,二者是逻辑上的主谓关系 例:a swimming boy 一个正在游泳的男孩 ③动名词作定语只能放在被修饰词前;现在分词作定语位置灵活,可放在前可放在后,尤其是现在分词短语做定语时要后置。 例:Most of the workers building the bridge is young people (现在分词短语作定语后置) They are visitors coming from other countries (现在分词短语作定语后置) 例: a sleeping child 一个熟睡的孩子(现在分词作定语前置) 试分析:working method 和working people a sleeping car 和 a sleeping child 2、做状语时有区别 现在分词可做状语修饰句子,而动名词不做状语! ①▲现在分词做状语,分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致 例:He sat on the ground,reading a newspaper(表伴随) Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.(表时间) Being very weak,she had to stay at home(表示原因) She fell down from her bike,only striking her head against the rock(表示结果) Heating water,we can change it into vapor(表示条件) 为了表示明确的时间或条件,有时可在现在分词前加when、while、if等连词 例如:When leaving the airport,she waved again again to us. ②现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且与句子的谓语动词几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后 例:Reading carefully,he found something hadn’t known before ③如果现在分词表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系且先于句子的谓语动词发生,则使用现在分词的完成式(having done) 例:Having borrowed two books,she left the library 习题: 1, While ( walk)in the street,we met some friends of ours 2, (finish)his work,he went to help others 3、做表语时有区别 动名词作表语相当于名词,用于解释主语.主语和表语可以互换位置;现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态、数量等,主语和现在分词做的表语不能互换 例:①My favourite sport is swimming = Swimming is my favourite sport ②The result is very disappointing ×Disappointing is the result 习题:1,The film is very (move) 2,Their task is (move)the furniture

动名词和现在分词的区别

前者的重音在动名词上(a ‘sleeping car),而后者的重音在所修饰的名词上(a sleeping ‘child)。 2.动名词具有名词的性质。现在分词则没有。 ①动名词和名词一样有a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of等词语修饰: I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。 Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗? He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看。 A knocking at the door was heard. 一阵敲门声被听到了。 注意:动名词的翻译。 do some cleaning翻译成打扫卫生,字面意思是做一些清扫的活。所以不存在do some cleaning是固定短语,其中some不可以变的说法也是错的,也可以写成do cleaning做打扫类的活(泛指,强调欧诺工作性质,区别于washing和reading等),do a lot of cleaning,do much cleaning做了许多打扫工作(强调工作量或者某次行为)do the cleaning做这些打扫的活(特指)。常见的类似词组有:do some shopping/ washing/ cleaning/ reading/ cooking/ gardening/ sewing等。do some cleaning在否定句里需不需要把some变成any呢?这是个众说纷纭的问题,答案是,从实际使用上看,在否定句里根本看不到do some cleaning和do any cleaning的写法,换成do the cleaning或者clean the room一类的词组。 ②动名词和名词一样有所有格、复数形式: He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. 他喜欢阅读是因为阅读的好处,而不是因为奖学金。 He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings. 他是如此的繁忙以至于我无法弄清楚他的来来去去。 动名词在句子中可充当的成分: 动名词做主语 1. 直接位于句首做主语。 Swimming is a good sport in summer. 游泳是夏天的一项好运动。 2. 用it 作形式主语。

动名词和现在分词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别

动名词(gerund)和现在分词(present participle)的区别 所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分. 而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语 所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund. 当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle. 它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分 1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语. This is water(n.). It is transparent(adj). 这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle. The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. One of the best exercises is swimming. 2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系. a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping a sleeping child = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作) (呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧! a swimming girl a swimming pool

现在分词与动名词的区别

现在分词与动名词的区别 现在分词与动名词统称为-ing 形式,但在意义和用法上还是有一些区别。掌握这些细微的区别,对于准确理解句子的意思还是有帮助的。 一、现在分词的基本用法 分词的用法主要要掌握三点: 1、分词已经转化为形容词,强调事物的某个特点。例如: He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。 2、分词(包括分词短语) 仍然保留的正在进行时的特点,侧重于正在进行的特点。例如:Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 声音小点,有个孩子正在睡觉。 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editorof the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。 Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (正在)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。 The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于正被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。 Any one having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。 I sometimes hear a girl singing downstairs. 有时我听到楼下有一个小姑娘在唱歌。 3、分词短语相当于一个状语从句。 Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. 到了巴黎的时候,我迷了路。(时间) When crossing the street,do be careful. 过马路时要小心。 Having lived in London for years, I almostk now every place quite well. 在伦敦住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。(原因) Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport. 80多个国家都踢足球,因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。(结果) I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门旁,不敢说一句话。(方式) Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 如果更细心,你会犯更少的错误。(条件)Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。 He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head. 他躺在那里思考着,双手放在头下。 4、含有现在分词的独立主格结构,实际上也相当于一个状语从句。 All the tickets having been sold out,we had to wait for the next week’s show. 因为所有的票都卖出去了,我们只好等着看下周的演出。 The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛结束后,人群便涌到大街上。 Nobody (being) in,I didn’t enter the hall. 因为里面没有人,我没进大厅。 The river looks more beautiful, with flowers and grass growing on both sides. 这条河看上去更加漂亮,因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

英语中动名词和现在分词的区别

动名词和现在分词都是由动词转换而来的,有一样的形式 V+ing,且都是非限定动词的一种,然而它们有不同的用法。 一、概念特征不同 1、动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当主语,宾语,表语和定语,可以支配宾语,也可以被副词修饰,有时态和语态的变化。 2、现在分词,又称-ing形式或现在进行时,是分词的一种,兼具动词和形容词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当定语,表语,补语和状语,有时态和语态的变化。 二、功能不同 1、动名词能在句中充当主语,宾语,而现在分词不能,例如: A、动名词作主语 Brushing your teeth is important. 刷牙很重要。 Hunting tigers is dangerous. 猎杀老虎是危险的。 Flying makes me nervous. 飞行使我紧张。 Smoking causes lung cancer. 吸烟会导致肺癌。 B、动名词作宾语 When will you give up smoking? 你什么时候戒烟? She always puts off going to the dentist. 她总是推迟去看牙医。 I look forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待很快收到你的来信。 I am used to waiting for buses. 我习惯等公共汽车。 2、现在分词能在句中充当补语和状语,而动名词不能,例如:

A、现在分词作宾语补足语 I heard someone singing. 我听到有人在唱歌。 He saw his friend walking along the road. 他看见他的朋友沿路走。 I can smell something burning! 我闻到有东西烧焦了! I watched the birds flying away. 我看着鸟儿飞走了。 B、现在分词作状语 Whistling to himself, he walked down the road. 他沿路走着吹口哨。 解析:此句等于 He whistled to himself as he walked down the road. They went laughing out into the snow. 他们笑着去外面的雪里。 解析:此句等于 They laughed as they went out into the snow. Dropping the gun, she put her hands in the air. 她放下枪,双手举向空中。 解析:此句等于 She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air. Putting on his coat, he left the house. 他穿上大衣离开了家。 解析:此句等于 He put on his coat and left the house. 三、动名词与现在分词作表语和定语的区别 1、作表语的区别 A、动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如: My hobby is swimming. 我的爱好是游泳。

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