Teaching Plan
Teaching Aims:
1. knowledge aims:
Be able to master the new words and expressions in this period.
Words：hero，quality，willing，active，republic，principle，
nationalism，livelihood，fight，peaceful，prison，prisoner，law，advise，continue，fee，gold，passbook，ANC，youth，league，stage，vote，position，accept，violence，equal
Phrases：lose heart，in trouble，worry about，out of work，Youth League，as a matter of fact，blow up，put...in prison
2．Ability aims:
（1）Be able to talk about the fine quality of great people to improve the students’ speaking ability.
（2）To improve the S s’ reading abilities.
3. Emotional aims:
（1）Learn about some great people and qualities they have in common. （2）Develo p the students’ moral quality.
Important Point:
The using of the phrase patterns, such as out of work, blow up and so on..
Difficult Point:
The expression of word “period”
Teaching Aids: PPT, blackboard, chalk, pictures
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 warm up:
Let the students look at the picture and listen “I have a dream!”
Step 2 pre-reading:
a. Introduce the background of this story. For instance, the black people
had no the same rights as white people, and they were treat
unequally at before. And how did they fight for their dream, making black and white people equal.
B. Help Ss guess the meaning of the following new words: period, law,
advise, continue, fees, stage, position, accept and equal, by
presenting the sample sentences like this:
After the short break, the class goes on. (continues)
Step 3 while reading:
a. Skimming:
1. Ask the Ss several questions about the story, and let them skim the
passage. Then work in pairs to find out the answers.
?A’’’’’
?B’’’’’
?C’’’’’’’`
2. Ask the students to separate the passage into some parts and give
the general idea of each part.
3. Conclude the ways they skimming
? A
? B
? C
? D
b. Scanning:
1. Ask the students when did Nelson Mandela open a law firm. And
when did they blow up some government buildings.
2. Summarize the way of scanning: pay attention on numbers, proper
none, place name, and some special words.
c. Language points:
1. Explain the word “period” in the sentence “the time I met Nelson
Mandela was a very difficult period during my life.” It means a
length of ti me in history or in a person’s life.
2. Introduce the using of the verbs “advise” and “continue” and let the
students make some sentences with them.
3. Tell them in some foreign countries, when people go to the
restaurant they have to give fees to the waiters.
4. Explain the phrase “be worry about” and ask them to do some
exercises to practice it.
5. Let the students guess the meaning of “out of work”, and let them
try to speak out the other way to expression the same
meaning—lose one’s job.
6. Ask the students to guess the meaning of “blow up” , and show
some pictures of it to make them have a deep impression .
7. Ask them the meaning of “a matter of fact”, tell them it’s the same
to use “in fact”.
8. Explain the word “equal”, ask them the thoug hts of equal and give
some examples.
Step 4 post-reading
a. Ask the students to retell the story.
b. Ask the students the feelings after reading this story.
c. Homework: finish the exercises in the workbook.
1．第1题 In meaningful practice the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of ___. A.structures B.sentences C.form D.meaning 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 In the traditional classroom, very often, too much attention has been paid to ___, with little or no attention paid to practising language skills. A.linguistic competence B.linguistic knowledge https://www.doczj.com/doc/394374869.html,nguage use https://www.doczj.com/doc/394374869.html,nguage functions 您的答案：B 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 One of the reasons of providing the students with a variety of speaking activities is that the variety of activities helps ___. A.keep motivation high B.de-motivate students C.memorise the speech D.learn the dialogues by heart 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 PPP and TBL are two approaches to language teaching. PPP stands for Presentation, Practice and Production and TBL stands for___.
英语教学法教程教案 A Course in English Language Teaching 主讲：姚向礼 教材：《英语教学法教程》 主编：王蔷 出版社：高等教育出版社 绪论外语教学法主要流派 Teaching approaches & Methods Approaches & methods of Language Teaching 众说纷纭，现以学习理论作为分类标准，将学派分为认知性的，连接性的和综合性的三大类。并简介翻译教学法，自然教学法，直接教学法，认知教学法，功能教学法，在这之前首先概述一下拉丁语教学法、。 ①拉丁语教学法，指（15-16世纪）为欧洲语言的极盛时期，学校里教授作为外语之拉丁语的直觉模仿法。它在（15——16世纪）为语法模仿法：16世纪末到17世
纪，由于民族语渗入学校，拉丁语教学法主要为词汇模仿法。先后提出了自觉性原则和直观性原则。这一时期的两大代表人物①惜提哈（ratch1571-163500））②夸美纽斯教学法Conienius(1592_1670) ①德国论点是通过经验与分析去学习一切。认为只从理论途径得到的记忆才是可 靠的。词汇翻译法，自觉对比法，认真教学法。 二、联结性的教学法学派 特点：经验主义的哲学观点；重视外语话语与实物，观念，概念等外部世界与思维的直接联系；侧重口头操练。 自然教学法（绝对排斥本族语的教学法） 直接教学法（自然教学法发展起来的）（一种习惯） 听说教学法 视听教学法 功能教学法（又名意念法，交际法或意念——功能—交际法 三、综合性的教学法学派，来源于直接法与翻译的综合 自觉实践法 折衷法（又是极端） 分阶段教学法 一、语法翻译法(Translation Method) The grammar translation Method(Reading Method ,classical Method ).In China, it is called old method and is probably the most widely known and has been the most widely used of all approaches to language teaching .Although there have been many developments in language teaching, especially in the teaching foreign language ,grammar-translation method in still used today in various forms .And the main drill in translation. The mains features are as the followings. 1.Classes are taught in the mother tongue,with little active use of the target lauguage. 2.Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isofated words. 3.Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 4.Little attention explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given. 5.Often the only drills are exercises in translation disconnecfecl sentences from the target language into the mother tongue. 6.little or no attention is given to pronunciation. 希腊文、拉丁文、通过翻译来学习外语。 认为背诵文法规则是学习外语的捷径，使用的课本，开始是孤立的单词和孤立的语法例句，都是从希腊文和拉丁文的名著里摘引出来的。 Advontedges： 1.在外语教学里创建了翻译的教学形式； 2.在外语教学里利用文法、利用学生的理解力，以提高外语教学的效果； 3.着重阅读，着重学习原文或原文文学名著； 4.使用方便。只要教师掌握了外语的基本知识，就可以拿着外语课本教外语，不需要什么教具和设备。 Disadvanfudges： 1.忽视口语教学。在教学里没有抓住语言的本质； 2.忽视语音和语调的教学； 3.过分强调翻译，单纯通过翻译手段教外语，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力，易使学生在使用外语时对翻译有依赖性；
英语教学设计 名称形容词、副词的比较级 科目英语教学对象学生提供者邓海英 课时第2课时 一、教学内容分析 （1）语法课比较乏味，要以灵活的形式教授 （2）需要反复练习，学生能运用比较级对事物进行比较 （3）本课运用一些明星图片对比，进行一些比较级的练习，体会比较的应用 二、教学目标（知识，技能，情感态度、价值观） 1、熟练掌握形容词、副词的比较级的变化规则。 2、熟练准确应用提到对比双方时，在比较级后用than, 例如It's smaller than the blue one 3、熟练运用所学知识。用所学知识表扬自己。 三、教学策略选择与设计 1．教师运用网络媒体给学生创造一个学习的空间，让同学们自己通过合作探究，自学掌握形容词的比较级。 2．课堂上提出比较话题，让学生回答。 五、教学环境及资源准备 1．本课教材：八年级英语课本 2．教学环境：微机室
六、教学过程 一、师生问候：Hello! Everyone! 问：What's the weather like today?How about yesterday ? 回答：cold\colder\ 或者warm\warmer 通过观察图片引出本课的知识点：比较级 二、呈现新课：（以网页形式展现形容词比较级的变化规则） 1. 构成的规则变化及单词举例 （1）一般在单音节词尾加-er 或-est （2）以e结尾的单词只在词尾加-r或-st （3）只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词, 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-est （4 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的单词，先改y为i, 再加-er或-est。 （5）除early 外，以ly结尾的单词，一般在词前加more / most （6）多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或the most。 2. 构成不规则变化的单词good / well –better –best ill / bad / badly –worse –worst many / much –more –most little –less –least 指路程更远far –farther –farthest 指意义深远或进一步far –further –furthest 指年龄大小old –older –oldest 指家庭成员长幼old –elder –eldest
Grammar-translation approach 语法翻译法 语言观 语法翻译法起源于历史比较语言学（机械语言学理论），认为语言都起源于一种共同的原始语言，语言规律是相同的，词汇的所代表的概念也是相同的，不同的只是书写和语音形式。习得观 学习者通过互译和语法关系的替换，就能够掌握另一种语言。 教学观 1.为了完成互译和语法关系的转换，母语所起的翻译能力很重要。因此，重视母语在教学 中的使用。 2.注重语言规则的学习，认为语言教学就是规则的理解和教学。 代表教学步骤 1.教师在教学中需使用“规”的语言书面语 2.教师在课堂上积极使用母语 3.教学式以母语的外语的互相翻译为主，并通过大量的书面翻译及写作来巩固和检验语法 知识 4.重视语法教学，强调词与词之间的组合规则，讲词的形态和曲折变化，对复杂的语法现 象做详尽的解释 5.注重书面语练习，不注重听说练习 语法教学法的典型教学流程 Tasks: 1. Share with your experiences that you were taught in this grammar-translation approach? 2. Sum up the advantage of this approach. 3. Sum up the disadvantage of this approach. 语法翻译法的优势 1. 充分利用母语的优势，协助学习者理解目的语 2. 语法教学作为中心，有利于学习者掌握语言“规”，理解语言的结构框架知识。 3. 注重阅读能力的培养，翻译能力能得以锻炼。
4. 教学式安全，简便易行，可操作性强。 语法翻译法的劣势 1. 过分依赖母语和翻译法，容易造成学习者依赖母语。 2. 把语言更多当做知识而不是交际技能来锻炼 3. 过分重视学习者阅读写作能力，轻视学习者的听说能力 4. 机械翻译，大量阅读等法较死板，容易使学习者失去主动性和兴趣，学习气氛沉闷。 Task: When and how can we apply this approach properly?
初中英语语法教学教案 教学思路: 本节课我教的是情态动词can和could作“能力”解时的区别。这节课我打算通过复习以前学过的情态动词can的用法，以及通过做游戏，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中掌握can的用法，以及了解can和could的区别。一、TeachingContent: Topic:Unit5Canyouplaytheguitar? Grammar：Using“can”/“could”totalkaboutability二、 TeachingAims: https://www.doczj.com/doc/394374869.html,ecantalkabouttheability https://www.doczj.com/doc/394374869.html,ecouldtalkaboutability atpresent. inthepast. 三、TeachingKeyandDifficult Points: Howtouse“can”and“could”to expressability inthepresentandpast. 四、TeachingMethods: Task-BasedLanguageTeachingMethod 五、TeachingProcedures: Step1：Warmingup Task1:Revision T:Whatcanyoudonow?S1:Icans ing. S2:Icandraw S3:Icandance. T:Canyourideabike/swim/flyakite/playfootball/playchess? Ss:Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t. Task2:Playingagame T:Nowletusplayagame.Fivestudentscometothefrontandperformfortheclassaccordingtom yinstructions.andgestures.Theothersanswermyquestions. T:Whatcanshedo? Ss:Shecanrideabike/swim/flyakite/playfootball/playchess. T:Cansheswim/flyakite/playfootball/playchess.Ss:Yes,She can?No,shecan’t. T:Saythewholesentences:eg:Aca nrideabike. T:Canyourideabikenow?S1:Yes.Ic an T:Couldyourideabikefiveyearsago? Yes,Icould./No,Icouldn’t(Helphimanswer)S1:Yes,Icou ld./No,Icouldn’t. T:wecanuse“could”ttalkaboutthepast .e.gIcanplaycomputernow.But,lastyearIcouldn’t play.
五步教学法英文教案：(Period 2 of Lesson 3 Book 2 浏览次数：3515 来源：现代教学网加入时间：2005-10-14 Teaching Plan (Period 3 of Lesson 3, Book 2) Teaching aims 1. Learn the new words “tiger, lion, rabbit, deer”(understanding only). 2. Learn the sentence patterns “Is it ...” “Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.” 3. Learn to sing the song “Old MacDonald has a farm”. Teaching aids 1. A recorder 2. Some pictures of animals 3. Hanging charts of let’s talk. Teaching steps Step 1. Revision 1. Revise the names of animals learned before:
Show pictures of animals(cat, dog, fox, pig, chick, duck, hen, bee, bird, fish, frog, bear, monkey, panda, elephant, giraffe), and ask Ss to say them. 2. Revise the rhyme in Let’s chant: First listen to the recorder. Then ask Ss to repeat and recite the rhyme. 3. Revise the dialogue in let’s talk: Put up hanging charts, or show stick drawings of let’s talk. Listen to the tape. Ask Ss to repeat the dialogue of let’s talk. Then ask some students to act it out. Step 2. Presentation 1. Learn the new words “tiger, lion, deer, rabbit”: Ask the student to guess some riddles. Example: It’s an animal. It has red eyes and long ears. What is it? Ss may answer in Chinese. Some riddles can also be asked in Chinese. Example: 名字叫小花，喜欢摇尾巴，夜晚睡门口，小偷最怕它。(Dog) After guessing, ask Ss to take out the handwork materials. Say “Draw a tiger (lion, deer, rabbit)." Get Ss to take out the relative picture and draw it. After drawing all four, say “tiger (lion...)”and get Ss to h old up the relative picture. If possible, show the pictures of tiger(lion...) and ask Ss to say the Chinese meanings.
Unit 1 Language and Language Learning Aims of the unit In this unit we will discuss some general matters about language learning and teaching. We are going to discuss five questions on particular: 1.How do we learn language 2.What are the common views on language 3.What are the common views on language learning 4.What are the qualities of a good language teacher 5.How can one become a good language teacher 1.1How do we learn languages Mach of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. This is especially true in foreign language teaching. Before we discuss language learning theories, let us first reflect on our own language learning experience. Task 1 Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in group of 4 and draw some conclusion.
总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力基础。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素。学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的先决条件。文化意识则是得体运用语言的保障，这五个方面共同促进综合语言运用能力的形成。 Principles of communicative language teaching（CLT） Communication principle：activities that involve real communication promote learning Task principle：activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful taskspromote learning Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process Listening and speaking skills need to be refined in terms of the real communicative use，Students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative if possible. Reading is extract meaning or information and the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate the process Writing：In CLT, students have the chance to write to express their own feelings or describe their own experiences, thus making the practice of writing meaningful and authenticLanguage content (to incorporate functions); CLT just has only expanded the areas Learning process (cognitive style and information processing); and Product (language skills). Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) Task-based Language teaching is, in fact, a further development of Communicative Language Teaching. It shares the same beliefs, as language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life. It has stressed the importance to combine for m-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching Four components of a task A purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task. If the students don't understand why they undertake the task, they will lost interest and the task will face failure. A context: the task can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues, such as the location, the participants and their relationships, the time and other important factors. A process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating. A product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a written plan, a play, a letter. etc.) or invisible (enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.） The PPP Model & The 5-step teaching method 3p：Step I. Presentation Step II. Practice Step III. Production 5-step Model：Step I. Revision Step II. Presentation Step II. Presentation Step IV. Practice Step V. Consolidation Differences between PPP and TBL：1.The way students use and experience language in TBL is radically different from PPP 2.TBL can provide acontent for grammar teaching and form-focused activities.PPP is different in this aspect. Steps of designing a tasks：
Background Information Student:48 senior high school students,grade 1 Age:about 16 Genders:23 boys and 25 girls Time and date:10:00a.m. to 10:25 a.m.(45 mins), Monday ,May 28,2014 Textbook:NSEFCM M5U2 Title of the lesson:A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Teaching Aims I. Language knowledge: (1) can understand the meaning of an attributive clause (2) can master the expression of “Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.”of an attributive clause (3)can master the new words:well, rose,smelly,pond,burst,canal,dirt,bricks,dam,rescue, disaster... II. Language skills: (1) listening: can understand the meaning of the above new expressions & words (2) speaking: can use the above new expressions & words in daily life. III. Emotion & Attitude: (1) Ss can develop cooperative spirit. (2) Can increase Ss interest in English learning. Important Points: (1). the meaning of an attributive clause (2). the expression of “Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.” of an attributive clause (3). new words: well, rose,smelly,pond,burst,canal,dirt,bricks,dam,rescue, disaster... Difficult Point: the usage of the an attributive clause Teaching Procedures: I.Warm-up:show:Look at two pictures of Tangshan, imagine there has an earthquake. Describe to your partner what might happen to the objects in the pictures. Then have a class discussion. II.Pre-reading:(1). Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave right now. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why (2). What do you think will happen before an earthquake? III.While-reading
2011年上半年《中学英语教学法》作业答案 2011-06-04 10:57 1．第1题 A question that views on language learning involve is “____?” A.What are the psycholinguistic and cognitive processes of language learning B.Why do human beings have language C.How a language is different from another D.How do people use language when they have a desire to communicate 您的答案：A 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 In the inductive method of teaching grammar, the teacher induces the learners to realise grammar rules ___. A.by telling them the rules B.by explaining in an explicit way C.with explicit explanation D.without any explicit explanation 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 In meaningful practice the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of ___. A.structures B.sentences C.form D.meaning 您的答案：D 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0
外国语学院 任务型教学法英语教案 （课程论文） 学号：201421T241 专业：学科教育（英语） 学员姓名：曹丹 任课教员：苏勇
任务型英语教学教案 曹丹201421T241 年级：增盛镇中学八年级4班 课题名称：Unit2 Colors and Moods 教材选自：人教版新目标英语 一、教学案例的设计与分析 1.教材分析 本单元的中心话题是“颜色与心情”，学习不同种类的颜色及其对人情绪的影响。其中重点介绍了色彩与情绪的关系，而本单元阅读部分内容正是围绕这一中心话题展开的。阅读部分向学生介绍了谈论颜色有助于引出关于情绪和情感的内容。鼓励学生运用本单元的知识开始思考他们的情绪和情感。 2.学情分析： 本课授课对象是级增盛镇中学八年级4班学生，该年龄阶段的学生具有旺盛的求知欲和高涨的学习热情，所以教师一开始就应该使学生的学习成为一种令人愉快，充满趣味，富有吸引力的活动。同时绝大部分学生对英语学习具有一定的兴趣，但由于学习能力较低，学习方法不佳，学习缺少主动性，这些都给平时的教学带来较大的困难。同时,该年龄段的学生具有感知能力强的特点，通过教师有效的教学及恰当的学习指导，加上他们对英语学习应给予的更多的关注，教学的基本要求是可以达到的。 3.教学目标设计 1）基本知识目标：学习和掌握阅读部分所涉及的新单词和词组，尤其是一些习惯用语的表达方式及用法方面的固定搭配。 2）能力智力目标：进一步训练学生的自我阅读能力，并要求能够在快速阅读后领会主要句子的意思。 3）德育情感目标：鼓励学生运用文章中所了解色彩和情绪的关系的知识思考他们的情绪和情感，并讨论在自己或别人伤心的时候，该如何帮助自己或别人。 4.教学重点与难点 1）怎样来正确使用与课文有关的重要词汇短语？ 2）对文章的听读理解能力及获取具体信息的能力 3）对文章快速阅读的能力及阅读对写作的迁移能力
《英语教学论》教案 SYLLABUS CONTENTS 一、外语学习论 6课时 二、外语教学法流派介绍 6课时 三、《新课标》解读 4课时 四、任务型教学理论与实践 16课时 五、班主任工作管理 2课时 六、“三课”活动 2课时Course Requirments: 1.attendancy (10%) 2.classperformance(10%) 3.essays and small writings(20%) 4.final exam(60%)
主要备课资料： 1、张正东：《外语教育学》。科学出版社，1999年。 2、张正东、李少伶：《英语教学论》。陕西师范大学出版社，2003年。 3、张正东、杜培俸：《外语立体化教学法的原理与模式》。科学出版社，1998 年。 4、胡春洞：《英语教学法》。高等教育出版社，1990年。 5、王才仁：《英语教学交际论》。广西教育出版社，1996年。 6、胡春洞、戴忠信：《英语阅读论》。广西教育出版社，1998年。 7、高兰生、陈辉岳：《英语测试论》。广西教育出版社，1996年。 8、聂希庸、曹宝健：《中学英语教学》。光明日报出版社，1998年。 9、程晓堂：《任务型语言教学》。高等教育出版社，2004年。 10、田式国：《英语教学理论与实践》。高等教育出版社，2001年。 11、宋桂月、金莺：《英语课程标准教师读本》。华中师范大学出版社， 2002年。 12、鲁子问：《中小学英语真实任务教学实践论》。外语教学与研究出版 社，2003年。 13、梁祝、卢福波：《小学英语新课程课堂教学案例》。广东高等教育出 版社，2003年。 14、程可拉、刘津开：《中学英语任务型教学理念与教学示例》。华南理 工大学出版社，2005年。 15、张玲棣：《高中英语课堂教学设计与案例》。高等教育出版社，2004 年。 16、于勇：《中小学课堂教学技能训练》。当代世界出版社，2001年 17、顾曰国：《英语教学法》（上下）。外语教学与研究出版社，1998年。 18、王蔷：《英语教学法教程》。高等教育出版社，2005年。 19、王蔷：《小学英语教学法教程》。高等教育出版社，2003年。 20、肖惜：《英语教师职业技能训练简明教程》。高等教育出版社。1999 年。 21、罗少茜：《英语课堂教学形成性评价研究》。外语教学与研究出版社。 2003年。 22、Carol MORGAN and Peter NEIL:Teaching Modern Foreign Languages.Kogan Page,2001年。 23、Adrian Doff: Teach English A training course for teachers TRAINER’S HANDBOOK 24、Alan Pritchard: Ways of Learning. David Fulton,2005年。 25、自编材料。
作业 1．第1题 The ___ theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences ａnd what he ｏ r she already knows. 您的答案：A 题目分数： 此题得分： 2．第2题 According to Ur (1996), as for the ｕｓｅ of grammatical terminology, for younger learners, ｕｓｅof complex terminology ___. be used be avoided necessary helpful 您的答案：B 题目分数： 此题得分： 3．第3题 Examples of pronunciation perception practice include ___. pictures ａnd tongue twisters minimal pairs, ａnd “odd one out” ａnd discussion of the above 您的答案：B
此题得分： 4．第4题 As far as language learning is concerned, the ___emphasize the nature of the human ａnd physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receive, ａnd the atmosphere. theories theories theories theories 您的答案：A 题目分数： 此题得分： 5．第5题 As far as learning pronunciation is concerned, the realistic goals for the students are consistency, intelligibility, ａnd ___. efficiency 您的答案：A 题目分数： 此题得分： 6．第6题 According to Ellis, procedures for teaching grammar using listening as input are “Listening to comprehend”, “Listening to notice”, “Understanding the grammar point”, ___. A.“listen ａnd repeat” ａnd “listen ａnd tick” B. “checking” ａnd “trying it out” C.“listen ａnd circle” ａnd “listen ａnd write” D.“listen ａnd correct” ａnd “listen ａnd fill” 您的答案：B
Process-oriented theories: are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit.formation,.induction,making.inference,.hypothesis.testing.and.generalization.Condition-oriented theories: emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, the kind of input learners receives, and the atmosphere.Behaviorist theory, skinner,learning process of habit formation&conditioning,a stimulus-response theory ,imitation&repetition SRR,audio-lingual method,external factors,the idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repletion and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. Cognitive theory, chomsky,learning:creative process, internal factors,students are asked to thinking and allow to create their own sentence based on their understanding of certain rules ,language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.Constructivist theory,personal construction,dewey, believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.Socio-constructivist theory, similar to constructivist theory, socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.learning is best achieved through dynamic interaction between the teacher&learner&between learners Language teacher qualifications：1、a good command of spoken and written language2、formulate theory presupposition3、language background and experience4、know how languages are learnt 5、the ability to use methods in various situations6、deep understanding of cultural background7、understanding the principles of teaching.These elements can be categorized into three groups：ethic devotion，professional qualities and personal styles Communicative Competence:Hedge,:linguistic（knowledge of the language itself,its form and meaning）,pragmatic(the appropriate use of the language in social context),discourse(one ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand it) ,strategic(strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resource),fluency(ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate to slowness or undue hesitation) Views on language.Structural view —The founder：Saussure—The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems：1、the sound system（phonology）2、sound combinations（morphology）3、meaning for communication（syntax）—Learning the language is to learn the structural items，study the inner structure and rule of language，ignore the social functions of the language。Functional view— Representative：Johnson、marrow、swain canal (the core: grammar) —The function view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things—Learners learn a language in order to be able to doing things with it .Use the linguistic structure to express functions.Interactional view — Emphasis：appropriateness — Language is a communicative tool，which main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people—Learners need to know the rules for using the language in certain context—The structural view limits knowing a language to knowing its structural rules and vocabulary CLT（交际英语教学）:to help the learners acquire communicative https://www.doczj.com/doc/394374869.html,nguage in real life is used to perform certain communication functions; use all skills: A. Receptive skill: listening and reading B. Productive skill: speaking and writing; used in a certain social context: teach the part of language in real life rather than all the language students develop all the language skills. Traditional pedagogy (传统教学法): focus on the forms of language.