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Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all
《勾践灭吴》参考译文 越王勾践退守到会稽山上，向三军下令说：“凡是我父辈兄弟和同姓弟兄，只要有能够帮助我出谋划策打败吴国的，我将和他共同管理越国的政事。”大夫文种进见回答说：“我听说，商人夏天的时候就准备皮货，冬天的时候就准备细葛布。天旱的时候就准备船，有大水的时候就准备车辆，就是打算在缺少这些东西的时候派上用场。即使没有被四邻侵扰的时候，谋臣与武士，不可不选拔出来供养他们。就像蓑笠一样，雨已经下来了，肯定要到处找来用。现在君王您已经退守到会稽山上了，然后才寻求出谋划策的大臣，只怕太晚了吧？”勾践说：“如果能够让我听听您的高见，哪有什么晚的事呢？”于是就拉着文种的手，跟他在一起商量。终于使文种动身出使吴国。 夫差想听取文种的建议，与越国和好。吴国大夫伍子胥进谏说：“不行！吴国与越国，是世代的仇敌，经常打仗；外有三条江水环绕，老百姓没有地方迁移。有吴国就没有越国，有越国就没有吴国。这种局面将不可改变。我听说，住在陆地上的人习惯于住在陆地上，住在水上的人习惯于住在水上。中原各国，即使我们主动进攻，把他们打败了，我们也不能长期住在那里，也不习惯乘坐他们的车子；而越国，我们主动进攻，把他们打败了，我们就能长期住在那里，也能乘坐他们的船。这是消灭越国的有利时机，千万不可失去。大王您一定要消灭越国！如果您失去这个有利的时机，以后后悔也来不及了。”越国人把八个美女打扮好，送给吴国的太宰噽，对他说：“您如果能够让吴王赦免了我们越国的罪行，还有更漂亮的美人会送您。”太宰噽就向吴王夫差进谏说：“我听说，古代讨伐国家，对方认输也就行了；现在越国已经认输了，您还想要求什么呢？”吴王夫差就与越国订立了盟约，让文种离开了。 勾践对国人说道：“我不知自己的力量不够，与吴国这样的大国作对，导致老百姓流离失所，横尸原野，这是我的罪过。我请求你们允许（我）改变治国政策。”于是埋葬已经死去的人，慰问受伤的人，供养活着的人；谁家有忧就去慰问，谁家有喜事就去祝贺；客人要走，起身相送；有客人要来，亲自迎接；凡是老百姓认为不好的事就不去做，凡是老百姓认为应该做而没有做的，就补做。然
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3c16232434.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
GRA VITY RETAINING?WALL 1. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water. Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall. (a)(b)(e)
高速视频处理系统中的信号完整性分析 摘要：结合高速DSP图像处理系统讨论了高速数字电路中的信号完整性问题，分析了系统中信号反射、串扰、地弹等现象破坏信号完整性的原因，通过先进IS工具的辅助设计，找出了确保系统信号完整性的具体方法。 关键词：高速电路设计信号完整性 DSP系统 深亚微米工艺在IC设计中的使用使得芯片的集成规模更大、体积越来越小、引脚数越来越多；由于近年来IC工艺的发展，使得其速度越来越高。从而，使得信号完整性问题引起电子设计者广泛关注。 在视频处理系统中，多维并行输入输出信号的频率一般都在百兆赫兹以上，而且对时序的要求也非常严格。本文以DSP图像处理系统为背景，对信号完整性进行准确的理论分析，对信号完整性涉及的典型问题[1]——不确定状态、传输线效应、反射、串扰、地弹等进行深入研究，并且从实际系统入手，利用IS仿真软件寻找有效的途径，解决系统的信号完整性问题。 1 系统简介 为了提高算法效率，实时处理图像信息，本图像处理系统是基于DSP+FPGA结构设计的。系统由SAA7111A视频解码器、TI公司的TMS320C6701 DSP、Altera公司的EPlK50QC208 FPGA、PCI9054 PCI接口控制器以及SBRAM、SDRAM、FIFO、FLASH等构成。FPGA是整个系统的时序控制中心和数据交换的桥梁，而且能够对图像数据实现快速底层处理。DSP是整个系统实时处理高级算法的核心器件。系统结构框图如图1所示。 在整个系统中，PCB电路板的面积仅为15cm×l5cm，系统时钟频率高达167MHz，时钟沿时间为0．6ns。由于系统具有快斜率瞬变和极高的工作频率以及很大的电路密度，使得如何处理高速信号问题成为一个制约设计成功的关键因素。 2 系统中信号完整性问题及解决方案 2．1 信号完整性问题产生机理 信号的完整性是指信号通过物理电路传输后，信号接收端看到的波形与信号发送端发送的波形在容许的误差范围内保持一致，并且空间邻近的传输信号间的相互影响也在容许的范围之内。因此，信号完整性分析的主要目标是保证高速数字信号可靠的传输。实际信号总是存在电压的波动，如图2所示。在A、B两点由于过冲和振铃[2]的存在使信号振幅落入阴影部分的不确定区，可能会导致错误的逻辑电平发生。总线信号传输的情况更加复杂，任何一个信号发生相位上的超前或滞后都可能使总线上数据出错，如图3所示。图中，CLK为时钟信号，D0、D1、D2、D3是数据总线上的信号，系统允许信号最大的建立时间[1]为△t。在正常情况下，D0、D1、D2、D3信号建立时间△t1<△t，在△t时刻之后数据总线的数据已稳定，系统可以从总线上采样到正确的数据，如图3(a)所示。相反，当信号D1、D2、D3受过冲和振铃等信号完整问题干扰时，总线信号就发生
1、译文： 勾践被困在会稽时，曾喟（kuì，溃）然叹息说：“我将在此了结一生吗？”种说：“商汤被囚禁在夏台，周文王被围困在羑（yǒu，有）里，晋国重耳逃到翟，齐国小白逃到莒，他们都终于称王称霸天下。由此观之，我们今日的处境何尝不可能成为福分呢？” 吴王赦免了越王，勾践回国后，深思熟虑，苦心经营，把苦胆挂到座位上，坐卧即能仰头尝尝苦胆，饮食也尝尝苦胆。还说：“你忘记会稽的耻辱了吗？”他亲身耕作，夫人亲手织布，吃饭从未有荤菜。从不穿有两层华丽的衣服，对贤人彬彬有礼，能委屈求全，招待宾客热情城恳，能救济穷人，悼慰死者，与百姓共同劳作。越王想让范蠡管理国家政务，范蠡回答说：“用兵打仗之事，种不如我；镇定安抚国家，让百姓亲近归附，我不如种。”于是把国家政务委托给大夫种，让范蠡和大夫柘稽求和，到吴国作人质。两年后吴国才让范蠡回国。 勾践从会稽回国后七年，始终抚慰自己的士兵百姓，想以此报仇吴国。大夫逢（páng，旁）同进谏说：“国家刚刚流亡，今天才又殷实富裕，如果我们整顿军备，吴国一定惧怕，它惧怕，灾难必然降临。再说，凶猛的大鸟袭击目标时，一定先隐藏起来。现在，吴军压在齐、晋国境上，对楚、越有深仇大恨，在天下虽名声显赫，实际危害周王室。吴缺乏道德而功劳不少，一定骄横狂妄。真为越国着想的话，那越国不如结交齐国，亲近楚国，归附晋国，厚待吴国。吴国志向高远，对待战争一定很轻视，这样我国可以联络三国的势力，让三国攻打吴国，越国便趁它的疲惫可以攻克它了。”勾践说：“好。” 过了两年，吴王将要讨伐齐国。子胥进谏说：“不行。我听说句践吃从不炒两样好菜，与百姓同甘共苦。此人不死，一定成为我国的忧患。吴国有了越国，那是心腹之患，而齐对吴来说，只象一块疥癣。希望君王放弃攻齐，先伐越国。”吴王不听，就出兵攻打齐国，在艾陵大败齐军，俘虏了齐国的高、国氏回吴。吴王责备子胥，子胥说：“您不要太高兴！”吴王很生气，子胥想自杀，吴王听到制止了他。越国大夫种说：“我观察吴王当政太骄横了，请您允许我试探一下，向他借粮，来揣度一下吴王对越国的态度。”种向吴王请求借粮。吴王想借予，子胥建议不借，吴王还是借给越了，越王暗中十分喜悦。子胥说：“君王不听我的劝谏，再过三年吴国将成为一片废墟！”太宰嚭听到这话后，就多次与子胥争论对付越国的计策，借机诽谤子胥说：“伍员表面忠厚，实际很残忍，他连自己的父兄都不顾惜，怎么能顾惜君王呢？君王上次想攻打齐国，伍员强劲地进谏，后来您作战有功，他反而因此怨恨您。您不防备他，他一定作乱。”嚭还和逢共同谋划，在君王面前再三再四诽谤子胥。君王开始也不听信谗言，于是就派子胥出使齐国，听说子胥把儿子委托给鲍氏，君王才大怒，说：“伍员果真欺骗我！”子胥出使齐回国后，吴王就派人赐给子胥一把“属镂”剑让他自杀。子胥大笑道：“我辅佐你的父亲称霸，又拥立你为王，你当初想与我平分吴国，我没接受，事隔不久，今天你反而因谗言杀害我。唉，唉，你一个人绝对不能独自立国！”子胥告诉使者说：“一定取出我的眼睛挂在吴国都城东门上，以便我能亲眼看到越军进入都城”于是吴王重用嚭执掌国政。 过了三年，勾践召见范蠡说：“吴王已杀死了胥，阿谀奉承的人很多，可以攻打吴了吗？”范蠡回答说：“不行。” 到第二年春天，吴王到北部的黄池去会合诸侯，吴国的精锐部队全部跟随吴王赴
Lesson 1 I’m not feeling well. Let’s talk （M=Mom, T= Tom） M: What,'s the matter, Tom T: I'm not feeling well, Mom M: Do you have a cold T: Yes, I think so. Could you give me some water, please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom. M: Tom, you must go and see a doctor. T: OK, Mom. M: It's cold outside. You must wear your coat. T: OK, Mom. Could you pass me my coat,please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom M: Tell me your teacher's number. I'll call him and tell him you are sick. T: OK. Here it is. 译文 (M=妈妈,T=汤姆) 妈妈:怎么了,汤姆 汤姆:我感觉不舒服,妈妈。 妈妈:你感冒了吗 汤姆:是的,我想是这样的。您能给我一些水吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:汤姆,你必须去看医生. 汤姆:好的,妈妈。 妈妈:外面很冷。你必须穿你的外套。 汤姆:好的,妈妈。您能把我的外套递给我吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:告诉我你老师的电话号码。我将给他打电话告诉他你生病了。
文档简介 一，英语翻译经典文章之英文原稿二，中文翻译：这篇英语文章的最好翻译版本！不是俺说的，是俺老师说哒！！ 英文原稿Brian It seems my only request (“please, let me sleep”) is not clear enough, so I made this simple table that can help you when you’re in doubt. Especially during the night
中文翻译小子： 我只想好好地睡觉，你不明白吗？！所以，我做了这个简表。当你不知道怎么办时，特 别是在晚上的时候，你可以看看它。 具体情况行动指南 1，我正在睡觉禁止进入 2，你不确定我是否睡觉，你想搞清楚管你“鸟”事；禁止进入 3，你嗑了药，想奔向我的床你他妈的滚远点 4，你在youtube上看了一个超赞的视频，禁止进入；在脸书上把链接发给我想让我看看 5，就算第三次世界大战开始了管我屁事，他妈的别进来 6，你和你的基友们想和我“玩玩”抱歉，直男一枚。不要碰我的任何东西，门都别碰 7，你想整理我的房间我谢谢你了！我自己会打扫 8，普京宣布同性婚姻合法化终于等到“它”！还好你没放弃！还是不要来我房里！ 9，我不在家进我房间，想都别想 10，白天，我在家。你敲了门，我说“请进” 你可以进来了 福利放送！！
如果你已经看到了这里，那么说明你应该是英文爱好者哦。 下面有一些非常实用，我精心整理的英文资料，你一定用得到！快去看看吧！ 一，最常用英语翻译政治文体句型总结大全完美版 二，英文合同翻译最常用句型总结专业版 三，英语毕业论文提纲模板优秀完整详细无敌版
中考文言文《勾践灭吴》全文详细翻译本文是关于中考文言文《勾践灭吴》全文详细翻译，感谢您的阅 读！ 勾践灭吴 选自《国语》 越王勾践退守会稽山后，就向全军发布号令说：“凡是我的父辈兄弟及全国百姓，哪个能够协助我击退吴国的，我就同他共同管理越国的政事。”大夫文种向越王进谏说：“我听说过，商人在夏天就预先积蓄皮货，冬天就预先积蓄夏布，行旱路就预先准备好船只，行水路就预先准备好车辆，以备需要时用。一个国家即使没有外患，然而有谋略的大臣及勇敢的将士不能不事先培养和选择。就如蓑衣斗笠这种雨具，到下雨时，是一定要用上它的。现在您大王退守到会稽山之后，才来寻求有谋略的大臣，未免太晚了吧?”勾践回答说：“能听到大夫您的这番话，怎么能算晚呢?”说罢，就握着大夫文种的手，同他一起商量灭吴之事。 越王勾践栖于会稽之上，乃号令于三军曰：“凡我父兄昆弟及国子姓，有能助寡人谋而退吴者，吾与之共知越国之政。”大夫种进对曰：“臣闻之：贾人夏则资皮，冬则资絺，旱则资舟，水则资车，以待乏也。夫虽无四方之忧，然谋臣与爪牙之士，不可不养而择也。譬如蓑笠，时雨既至，必求之。今君王既栖于会稽之上，然后乃求谋臣，无乃后乎?”勾践曰：“苟得闻子大夫之言，何后之有?”执其手而与之谋。 随后，越王就派文种到吴国去求和。文种对吴王说：“我们越国派不出有本领的人，就派了我这样无能的臣子，我不敢直接对您大王说，我私
自同您手下的臣子说：我们越王的军队，不值得屈辱大王再来讨伐了，越王愿意把金玉及子女，奉献给大王，以酬谢大王的辱临。并请允许把越王的女儿作大王的婢妾，大夫的女儿作吴国大夫的婢妾，士的女儿作吴国士的婢妾，越国的珍宝也全部带来; 越王将率领全国的人，编入大王的军队，一切听从大王的指挥。如果您大王认为越王的过错不能宽容，那末我们将烧毁宗庙，把妻子儿女捆绑起来，连同金玉一起投到江里，然后再带领现在仅有的五千人同吴国决一死战，那时一人就必定能抵两人用，这就等于是拿一万人的军队来对付您大王了，结果不免会使越国百姓和财物都遭到损失，岂不影响到大王加爱于越国的仁慈恻隐之心了吗?是情愿杀了越国所有的人，还是不化力气得到越国，请大王衡量一下，哪种有利呢?” 遂使之行成于吴，曰：“寡君勾践乏无所使，使其下臣种，不敢彻声闻于大王，私于下执事曰：寡君之师徒不足以辱君矣; 愿以金玉、子女赂君之辱。请勾践女女于王，大夫女女于大夫，士女女于士; 越国之宝器毕从! 寡君帅越国之众以从君之师徒。唯君左右之，若以越国之罪为不可赦也，将焚宗庙，系妻孥，沈金玉于江; 有带甲五千人，将以致死，乃必有偶，是以带甲万人事君也，无乃即伤君王之所爱乎? 与其杀是人也，宁其得此国也，其孰利乎?” 吴王夫差准备接受文种的意见，同越国订立和约。吴王的大夫伍子胥劝阻说：“不行! 吴国同越国，是世代互相仇视，互相攻伐的国家，三条江河环绕着两国的国土，两国的人民都不愿迁移到别的地方去，因此有吴国的存在就不可能有越国的存在，有越国的存在就不可能有吴国的存在。这种势不两立的局面是无法改变的。我还听说，旱地的人习惯于旱地的生活，水乡
南京师范大学泰州学院 英文翻译原文 年级： 2011级学号：12110330 姓名：申佳佳 系部：信息工程学院 专业：通信工程 题目：基于C51的数字测速仪设计与仿真 指导教师：焦蓬蓬 2015 年 4 月 5 日
Linux - Operating system of cybertimes Though for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make u p huge work station group, finish special effects of " Titanic " make , already can be re garded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news one of. Rece ntly, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to i ncrease day by day, users' enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece wh at glamour, get the favors of such numerous important software and hardware manufa cturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Net scape , Dell ,etc. , OK? 1.The background of Linux and characteristic Linux is a kind of " free (Free ) software ": What is called free, mean users can o btain the procedure and source code freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc.. It is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research a nd development together through Inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , c an add user expansion function that oneself make conveniently to participate in. As th e most outstanding one in free software, Linux has characteristic o f the following: (1)Totally follow POSLX standard, expand the network operating system of sup porting all AT&T and BSD Unix characteristic. Because of inheritting Unix outstandi ng design philosophy , and there are clean , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels , their all key codes are finished by Li nus Torvalds and other outstanding programmer s, without any Unix code of AT&T or Berkeley, so Linu x is not Unix, but Linux and Unix are totally compatible. (2)Real many tasks, multi-user's system, the built-in n etwork supports, can be with such seamless links as NetWare , Windows NT , OS/2 , Unix ,etc.. Network in various kinds of Unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and ass ess efficiency. Support such many kinds of files systems as FAT16 , FAT32 , NTFS , E x t2FS , ISO9600 ,etc. at the same time .
2015年语文勾践灭吴原文及译文 遂使之行成于吴，曰：“寡君勾践乏无所使，使其下臣种，不敢彻声闻于大王，私于下执事曰：寡君之师徒不足以辱君矣;愿以金玉、子女赂君之辱。请勾践女女于王，大夫女女于大夫，士女女于士;越国之宝器毕从!寡君帅越国之众以从君之师徒。唯君左右之，若以越国之罪为不可赦也，将焚宗庙，系妻孥，沈金玉于江;有带甲五千人，将以致死，乃必有偶，是以带甲万人事君也，无乃即伤君王之所爱乎?与其杀是人也，宁其得此国也，其孰利乎?” 夫差将欲听，与之成。子胥谏曰：“不可!夫吴之与越也，仇讎敌战之国也;三江环之，民无所移。有吴则无越，有越则无吴。将不可改于是矣!员闻之：陆人居陆，水人居水，夫上党之国，我攻而胜之，吾不能居其地，不能乘其车;夫越国，吾攻而胜之，吾能居其地，吾能乘其舟。此其利也，不可失也已。君必灭之!失此利也，虽悔之，必无及已。” 越人饰美女八人，纳之太宰嚭，曰：“子苟赦越国之罪，又有美于此者将进之。”太宰嚭谏曰：“嚭闻古之伐国者，服之而已;今已服矣，又何求焉?”夫差与之成而去之。 勾践说于国人曰：“寡人不知其力之不足也，而又与大国执仇，以暴露百姓之骨于中原，此则寡人之罪也。寡人请更。”于是葬死者，问伤者，养生者;吊有忧，贺有喜;送往者，迎来者;去民之所恶，补民之不足。然后卑事夫差，宦士三百人于吴，其身亲为夫差前马。 勾践之地，南至于句无，北至于御儿，东至于鄞，西至于姑蔑，广运
百里，乃致其父母昆弟而誓之，曰：“寡人闻，古之贤君，四方之民归之，若水之归下也。今寡人不能，将帅二三子夫妇以蕃。”令壮者无取老妇，令老者无取壮妻;女子十七不嫁，其父母有罪;丈夫二十不取，其父母有罪。将免者以告，公令医守之。生丈夫，二壶酒，一犬;生女子，二壶酒，一豚;生三人，公与之母;生二子，公与之饩。当室者死，三年释其政;支子死，三月释其政;必哭泣葬埋之如其子。令孤子、寡妇、疾疹、贫病者，纳宦其子。其达士，洁其居，美其服，饱其食，而摩厉之于义。四方之士来者，必庙礼之。勾践载稻与脂于舟以行。国之孺子之游者，无不哺也，无不歠也：必问其名。非其身之所种则不食，非其夫人之所织则不衣。十年不收于国，民俱有三年之食。 国之父兄请曰：“昔者夫差耻吾君于诸侯之国，今越国亦节矣，请报之。”勾践辞曰：“昔者之战也，非二三子之罪也，寡人之罪也。如寡人者，安与知耻?请姑无庸战。”父兄又请曰：“越四封之内，亲吾君也，犹父母也。子而思报父母之仇，臣而思报君之仇，其有敢不尽力者乎?请复战!”勾践既许之，乃致其众而誓之，曰：“寡人闻古之贤君，不患其众之不足也，而患其志行之少耻也。今夫差衣水犀之甲者亿有三千，不患其志行之少耻也，而患其众之不足也。今寡人将助天灭之。吾不欲匹夫之勇也，欲其旅进旅退。进则思赏，退则思刑;如此，则有常赏。进不用命，退则无耻;如此，则有常刑。” 果行，国人皆劝。父勉其子，兄勉其弟，妇勉其夫，曰：“孰是君也，而可无死乎?”是故败吴于囿，又败之于没，又郊败之。遂灭吴。
Engineering with Computers(2002)18:109–115 Ownership and Copyright ?2002Springer-Verlag London Limited Structural Optimization of Automotive Body Components Based on Parametric Solid Modeling M.E.Botkin GM R&D Center,Warren,MI,USA Abstract Abstract::Parametric modeling was used to build several models of an automotive front structure concept that utilizes carbon fiber composite materials and the corresponding molding processes.An ultra-lightweight aluminum body front structure was redesigned to include an all-composite front structure.Two alternative concepts were studied which represent the structure as a bonded assembly of shells.Closed sections result from two pieces–an inner and outer.Parametric modeling was found to be a useful tool for building and modifying models to use in optimization concept studies. Such models can be built quickly and both the sketch dimensions and location dimensions are particularly useful for making the adjustments necessary to fit the various body pieces together.The parametric models then must be joined together as one geometric solid model in order to obtain a surface mesh.Structural optimization input data can then be seamlessly and quickly created from the parametric-modelbased finite element model to begin the tradeoff studies.This integrated process in which parametric modeling was coupled with structural optimization was used to carry out design studies on the lightweight body front structure.Several carbon fiber material combinations were studied to determine mass reduction potential of certain types of carbon fiber products considered to be lower cost than typical carbon fiber materials used in the past.Structural optimization was used to compare several composite constructions for the design of the bonded front structure.Eight cases were studied using various materials and composite lay-ups.Mass savings estimates from45–64%over steel were obtained.The most reasonable design consisted of a combination of relatively low cost chopped carbon fiber and woven carbon fiber and using a20mm balsa core in the top of the shock tower area. This design had a maximum thickness of7mm and a mass reduction over steel of approximately62%.Correspondence and offprint requests to:Mark E.Botkin,Principal