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英文写作中词语的选择

英文写作中词语的选择
英文写作中词语的选择

英文写作中词语的选择

1.词语选择的重要性

在The Right Word at the Right Time的"序言"中,编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻:"Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion:it is a courtesy to others,and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world."

显然,说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多,因而也具有更大的重要性。在我国,古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用具思苦想,因而有"语不惊人死不休"的说法。

成语"一字值千金"也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时"一字之差"造成令人遗憾的败笔,或招致成千上万的经济损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。

2.词语选择的可能性

实际上,我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库,只要我们肯去发掘,往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。

从客观条件广看,我们有各种类型的词典和参考书,只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读,写作时勤查考,就会在词语选用上不断进步。当然,一部好词典也不会毫无缺点,更难以面面俱到,因此在这里我们应牢牢记住英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话:Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true.

3.词语选择的三项标准

关于择语标准,人们说法不一,但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然,某词语用得是否符合要求,不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼,还要看其具体使用场合,包括同其他词语搭配等。

1)择语的准确性

准确性,就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式,正如有句英语俗语所言:

Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.

美国作家马克·吐温说:"用词准确与用词几乎准确,这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。"(The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug.)

为了择语准确,必须熟悉词语的多义性。例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说,含义各不相同:

He is in a state of deep depression as a result of his setback latest experiment.

The depression first hit almost all the small and medium-sized enterprises.

Transportation was at a standstill caused by the depressions in the highways after the earthquake in that area.

反之,也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义,如心理学上的"depression"也能用melancholia,the blues,the dismal in the dumps,low等词语表示。

要做到准确选择,有必要注意词语的两种意义:"基本意义"(denotation)和"引申意义"(connotation)。前者指该词语的本身,或客观的固有含义,后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义,往往比较含蓄,带有词语使用者的主观态度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思,如顾客问营业员:"May I have some thing

cheaper?"意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的,当然并不是说质量可以不好,但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出"低劣"、"平庸"、"吝啬"、"卑鄙"等多种意思,这类意思正是修辞上的"敏感地带"。

选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上,需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族,在一定的条件下可以转化,如

labor一词通常带抽象含义,但并非一成不变。试比较:

A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society.

B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase.

上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义,泛指各种社会劳动,B句中labor为具体含义,特指WAW,即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。

2)择语的鲜明度

准确性是鲜明度的前提,也是提高鲜明度的基础。然而,鲜明与简练相关。英国文豪莎士比亚的名言"Brevity is the soul of wit"相当于汉语的"言贵简洁"。我们说话、写文章都要以"言简意赅"四字为目标,为此,应从两个方面加以注意:

A.在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语,如:do something for(不用perform,accomplish),用end/finish a letter (不用terminate,conclude)。

B.多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想,因而下列短语中加括号的部分都应省去:

mutual aid(to each other)(mutual)aid to each other,(an entirely)complete confidence,repeat the question(again),return(back) from abroad,etc.

3)择语的生动感

生动感也可以叫做优美感(gracefulness),它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的,否则,单纯追求生动或优雅,就会出现辞藻华丽(flowery)而内容空洞的文风,这是应当避免的。

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精心整理英语作文常用的高级词汇

高考英语作文中常用的替换词 1.individuals, characters, folks 替换( people, persons) 2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的) ,promising(有希望的) ,perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good 3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语 ,可以有 be less impressive替换 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation , as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.( an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, many, if not most)替 换 many. 注:用 many, if not most 一定要小心, many 后一定要有词。 most, if not all ,Eg. Many individuals ,if not most ,harbor the idea that同理?用. 替换 most. 5.a slice of, quiet a few, several替换 some 6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that,it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语,所以要加 that) 7.affair, business, matter替换 thing 8.shared 替换 common 9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits 10.for my part, from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 11.Increasing(ly ), growing 替换 more and more(注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing。修饰形容词,副词用 increasingly. Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly 13. ?? beneficial, rewarding替换 helpful 14.shopper,client, consumer, purchaser替换 customer 15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换 very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable替换unnecessary,??avoidable

常用英语写作词汇

常用英语写作词汇 1 the 2 be 3 of 4 and 5 a 6 to 7 in 8 he 9 have 10 it 11 that 12 for 13 they 14 I 15 with 16 as 17 not 18 on 19 she

20 at 21 by 22 this 23 we 24 you 25 do 26 but 27 from 28 or 29 which 30 one 31 would 32 all 33 will 34 there 35 say 36 who 37 make 38 when 39 can 40 more

41 if 42 no 43 man 44 out 45 other 46 so 47 what 48 time 49 up 50 go 51 about 52 than 53 into 54 could 55 state 56 only 57 new 58 year 59 some 60 take 61 come

63 know 64 see 65 use 66 get 67 like 68 then 69 first 70 any 71 work 72 now 73 may 74 such 75 give 76 over 77 think 78 most 79 even 80 find 81 day 82 also

84 way 85 many 86 must 87 look 88 before 89 great 90 7 back 91 through 92 long 93 where 94 much 95 should 96 well 97 people 98 down 99 own 100 just

英语作文如何选用词语

英语作文如何恰当选用词语 性。在我国,古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用具思苦想,因而有“语不惊人死不休”的说法。 成语“一字值千金”也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时“一字之差”造成令人遗憾的败笔,或招致成千上万损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。 词语选择的可能性。我们每个人的脑子里都有一个词库,只要我们肯去对比发掘,往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。从客观条件,我们有各种类型的词典,只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读,写作时勤查考,就会在词语选用上不断进步。当然,一部好词典也不会毫无缺点,更难以面面俱到,因此在这里我们应牢牢记住著名英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话:Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true. 词语选择的三项标准。关于择语标准,人们说法不一,但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然,某词语用得是否符合要求,不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼,还要看其具体使用场合,包括同其他词语搭配等。 1)择语的准确性。准确性,就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式,正如有句英语俗语所言:Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood. 著名美国作家马克·吐温说:“用词准确与用词几乎准确,这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。为了择语准确,必须熟悉词语的多义性。例如depression对心理学家、经济学家或地质学家来说,含义各不相同。反之,也常常有几个词语可以表示类似的含义,如心理学上的“depression”也能用melancholia,the blues,the dismal in the dumps,low 等词语表示。要做到准确选择,有必要注意词语的两种意义:“基本意义”和"引申意义"。前者指该词语的本身,或客观的固有含义,后者指该词语在一定搭配或上下句中出现的其他意义,往往比较含蓄,带有词语使用者的主观态度或感情色彩。如inexpensive和cheap都表示便宜的基本意思,如顾客问营业员:“May I have some thing cheaper?”意思是希望要价钱便宜一点的,当然并不是说质量可以不好,但cheap在其他句式或使用场合可引出“低劣”、“平庸”、“吝啬”、等多种意思。选用词语的准确性还表现在区分表示大体/抽象含义的词语和表示具体/特定含义的词语上,需要根据不同的使用场合做出正确的选择。抽象含义词语和具体含义词语不是两个对立的家族,在一定的条件下可以转化,如:labor一词通常带抽象含义,但并非一成不变。试比较:A)Honest labor creates wealth for the society. B)In the GM contract dispute, labor seeks a five-cent per hour wage increase. 上述A句中labor一词为抽象含义,泛指各种社会劳动,B句中labor为具体含义,特指W AW,即美国汽车、飞机、农业机械工人联合会。 2)择语的鲜明度。准确性是鲜明度的前提,也是提高鲜明度的基础。然而,鲜明与简练相关。我们说话、写文章都要以“言简意赅”四字为目标,为此,应从两个方面加以注意: A.在可以运用较简短的常见词语表达意思时不要用复杂而少的词语,如:do something for (不用perform,accomplish),用end/finish a letter (不用terminate,conclude)。 B.多余的或转弯抹角的词语都不利于明白地表达思想的词语避免使用。多从自己的所学的词汇中选用简明易懂的词汇来表达中心。 3)择语的生动感。生动感也可以叫做优美感(gracefulness),它是建筑在准确性和鲜明度的基础上的,否则,单纯追求生动或优雅,就会出现辞藻华丽(flower 这里就作文写作给点建议。作文是要小心,按英语习惯来写句子; 认清常见错误,避免再次写错;建立错题集,不断提醒自己;多背些范文,模仿它们来写.该课通过学生错误的分类归纳,给学生以警示作用,学生能避免犯同样的错误,最后写出优美的句子。学生反映

英语写作常用单词

写作常用单词(单词贫乏的来看) 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2损害:Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3给与:Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4培养::Develop, cultivate, foster 5优势:Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6 缺陷:Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7 使迷惑:Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8 重要的:Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9 认为:Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10 保护:Protect, conserve, preserve 11确保:Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12 有害的:Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13 要求:Request, demand, needs, requisition 14 消除:Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15 导致:Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16 因此:So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this

英语写作100个高级词汇替换

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial. 我们对待今天以及每一天的方式都是至关重要的。 Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable. 无论在工作中还是在家里,目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4510573961.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言. Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand. 幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求. 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) He has received ample praise for the work he did. 他所做的工作,使他获得了广泛的赞美。 This place has plentiful material resources. 这地方的物质资源是丰富的。 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。 The children cling to their father for more pocket money. 孩子们粘着爸爸,要他再给些零花钱。 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) Focus in the person who are talking with you,ignore something else. 把全身的注意力都集中在与你谈话的人身上,忽略其他。 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) His house is adjacent to mine. 他的寓所与我的相毗连。 It is certain that virtue adjoins pride on one side. 好的品德常会引人走向骄傲自满的一面,那是不假的。 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) He wooed and won her. 他向她求爱成功而结婚。 Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。

英语写作必备的100个意群词汇

托福写作必备100个意群词汇 1.持某观点: claim (contend reckon share the belief that ) 2. 支持某观点: advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favor of ) 3. 反对某观点: contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on ) 4. 合理的:justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis) 5. 好处:advantage (benefit, merit, positive side) 6. 弊端:disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side) 7. 肯定:undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that) 8. 不确定:be likely to ( potentially presumably) 9. 重要的:essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable) 10. 有益的:beneficial (conducive instrumental ) 11. 有害的:detrimental (harmful virulent) 12. 有争议的:controversial (disputable, contentious) 13. 普遍的:widespread ( prevalent, universal) 14 显著地:considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially) 15. 明显的:evident (apparent, manifest) 16. 增强:enhance (strengthen intensify) 17. 减少:decline (descend, collapse, relieve) 18. 大约:approximately(nearly, around, estimated, roughly) 19. 趋势:trend(tendency, inclination) 20. 预见:predict (expect, project) 21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to) 22. 引起create (spark, yield, give rise to) 23. 建立establish (found, institute) 24. 要求call for (request,demand) 25. 去除eliminate(remove, eradicate) 26. 探讨explore (examine, identify) 27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate) 28. 后果consequence( aftermath; outcome) 29. 足够adequate(enough; sufficient) 30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address) 31. 意识awareness(consciousness) 32. 控制curb ( regulate, censor) 33. 解释:account for(be responsible for) 34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize) 35. 缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate) 36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain) 37. 和谐harmony ( concordance) 38. 继承inherit (hand down) 39. 培养cultivate(train, foster) 40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade) 41. 适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to) 42. 提供provide (render, afford) 43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of) 44. 保护preserve (protect) 45. 证据evidence (proof) 46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain) 47. 国外的f oreign( alien, exotic) 48. 灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe) 49. 发展advance (progress) 50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)

英语写作中词语的选择

1.词语选择的重要性 在The Right Word at the Right Time的“序言”中,编者对词语选用的重要性作了一个很好的比喻:“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion: it is a courtesy to others,and a favor to yourself-a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world." 显然,说话或写文章时用词适当比穿着适当难度大得多,因而也具有更大的重要性。在我国,古人写文章时常为一个词语的选用具思苦想,因而有“语不惊人死不休”的说法。 成语“一字值千金”也说明了选择词语的极端重要性。有时“一字之差”造成令人遗憾的败笔,或招致成千上万的经济损失。这些反面的教训也告诉我们必须重视词语选用的问题。 2.词语选择的可能性 实际上,我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库,只要我们肯去发掘,往往可以得到更好的表达方式。这是我们做好词语选用的主观条件。 从客观条件广看,我们有各种类型的词典和参考书,只要我们平时多翻译、多阅读,写作时勤查考,就会在词语选用上不断进步。当然,一部好词典也不会毫无缺点,更难以面面俱到,因此在这里我们应牢牢记住著名英国作家、评论家和辞书编纂家Johson的话: Dictionaries are like watches: the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true. 3.词语选择的三项标准 关于择语标准,人们说法不一,但准确、鲜明、生动三项原则是公认的。当然,某词语用得是否符合要求,不可孤立地从词语本身的含义上着眼,还要看其具体使用场合,包括同其他词语搭配等。 1)择语的准确性 准确性,就是要根据使用场合选用确切的语言形式,正如有句英语俗语所言: Do not write so that your words may be undetstood, but write so that your words must be understood.

英语作文常用高级词汇

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19. contribution n. 捐献,贡献,投稿 20. convenient adj. 便利的,方便的 21. decline vi. 下倾,下降,下垂 v. 拒绝,衰落 22. decrease n. 减少,减少之量 v. 减少 23. demand n. 要求,需求(量),需要 v. 要求,需要,要求知道,查询 24. depict vt. 描述,描写 25. duality n. 二元性

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(完整word版)英语作文常用高级词汇

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