同位语从句
01什么是同位语？
一些语法书是这样定义同位语的：一个名词对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补
充说明，这个名词就是同位语。”这个解释还算听得懂，大意就是一一同位语
是用来解释、补充说明的。我们每天说的中国话，就有同位语现象。比如，我们广东人真的什么都吃！”这里的我们”和广东人”就是同位语的关系，广东人” 是同位语，是对我们”的补充说明；而这里的我们”就是先行词。在这个句子的语境里，我们=广东人；同位2字，可以简单粗暴地理解为：2者有相同的地位，去掉其中一个，意思也不会大变。
02同位语的几个面孔
在英语中，同位语会以哪几种形式出现呢？简单了解一下就好了，重点还是要放
在同位语从句上。
1）名词
Tony, sister's ex, was a total jerk.
我妹的前^^Tony是个彻头彻尾的值畀.
m* sisters 井知删洩垠愛
釧Sil
l9. Orslhorn in the htniih^ always feel
co IK erned about my sister
作为家里前老大，我为老妹損碎了心._厂、
3）直接引语
There coirius a question, **to be or not to he""?
那么问题来了："活看还是宥带？n
注：双引号里讲的内容，就是直接引语。4）句子
Report has it that t it building is haunted.
传闻说这拣楼闹鬼.
注：report表示传闻、谣言”的时候，可以是可数名词［C］，也可以是不可数名
词［U］。Report has it that 固定搭配，传闻....... ”什么传闻？that the buildi ng is
haunted,就是传闻的内容；从句对前面的先行词report进行解释说明，正是我
们说的【同位语从句】。除了report，还有哪些名词可以当同位语从句的先行词呢？巨多，如下：
畏消息*値息
story, rumor, message
stalcmcnl, evidence theory,
indication 何魚）
thought, opinion problem.
question belief, truth, hope
doubt, conclusion
裏可能性possibility * prohabihty
裹要求requirement,理屮呛隸
insisience （坚决舉求｝
Bitt
suggestion T advice proposal, proposiiion idea h decisinn rcco mm end a lion
agreement> promise impression. recognition realization （领会）
order, instriKtion
先行門岡位语从句
Her family have heard [the ncwsj that she lost her job.
值得注意的是，在表示要求、建议（想法）、命令的名词后面，同位语从句用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should可省略。还记得我们在【表语从句】中提到过的要、建、命”用虚拟语气吗？这类要建命”同样适用于学的同位语从句。从上面的名词表抽一部分出来，就是要用虚拟语气的抽象名词了：
表要求requirements request insistence
（坚决要求）
I *建议suggestion, advice proposal? proposition idea, decision
recommendation
表order, mstruction 她家里听说了她失业的事。
Mom left|ordcr^that 1 (should) tidy my rn Dad olTered a suggestion)that 1 (should) go shopping with tn> fritiids. 老苞建议我眼底事们去逛浙* 03同位语从句的2种类型 1.名词+ that You cannot change the^Fact)that your ex is dead! 你前任狗带了，这个事实你无法改变！ Many foreigners hold thejopinionjthat all Chinese people can do some kunjilu. 不少歪果仁都认为是个中国人就会功夫或 2.名词+疑问词 疑问词我们概括为非常6+1”。 这里的6,指的是5W + 1H : what，who, why，when，where 和how + 1: whether注：whom和whose都归到who里去了。来看几个例子： Mam was upset. 我不知遺老妈为件么炸毛。 Mom came up with the queMiunh* hurt Dad hud Uikeit the puppx t*. 老妈发问了；我悝把狗子弄到噪里去了. 04分隔式同位语从句 在一起 J#1V You cannot change thc^ctjthat your ex is deadf 你前任狗带了，这个事实你无法改变！ 今天七夕.kl^KEIVL ? 被折敗：） Thefhictlcannot be changed that \our v\ 你前任狎帯了.这个爭实你无注改变！ cannot be changed这几个单词硬生生把the fact顶到最前面去了，这样先行词就跟后面的同位语从句强行分开了：）这就叫做分隔式同位语从句”。再来几个例句： ”檢拆敢 Report lias it that the building h haunted. 传闻说这栋楼闹鬼。 The'siorvlgoes that Tony has lot his job. 据说托尼失业了。 05同位语从句vs定语从句 同位语从句和定语从句的区别是什么？很多同学傻傻分不清楚。简单回顾一下，定语就是adj.，定语从句就是形容、修饰先行词的从句，而同位语从句的关键就在于找到先行词，再看从句是不是对它进行解释说明的。如果是，同位语从句没跑了。归纳起来，2者跟先行词的关系是： 同位语从句：解释（啥是啥） 定语从句：定义（怎样的啥） 你萌试着判断下一组句子，哪个是同位语从句, 哪个是定语从句 1)I was shocked at the fact that he died. 2) I was shocked at the fac that he told me 先行词同位语从句 he died 他狗带这件事惊呆我了” 定位先行词facto啥事儿啊？that he died，这件事讲的是：他狗带了news = he died，两者相等，地位相同，因此是同位语从句。 先行词宦语从句 1 was shocked at the fact that he told me. 他告诉我的这件事，惊呆我了， 同样先定位先行词fact。再看从句that he told me （他告诉我）连起来就是：他告诉我的消息从句指明了是他告诉我的，而不是张三或李四那里听来的，从句定 义了消息的来源，因此是定语从句。再看3组句子，尝试分辨同位语从句和定语从句。1）The story that the book told you is true.The story that Man has been to the moon is true.2） Mom made a promise that she would take us to Disneyland. Mom made a promise that pleased us3） She heard the terrible news, which brought her heart into her mouth . She heard the terrible news：hat he died. 先行词定语从句 The storylthat the book told you is true. 这本书里讲的故事.是真的“ 看先行词story和从句的关系。从句that the book told you（这本书所告诉你的） 高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 定语从句讲解 1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略， 故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as. 关系副词：when, where, why. (that偶尔也作关系副词。) 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ? 同位语从句 ◆◆◆辨认同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2. 短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 ◆◆◆同位语从句用法 一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 ①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。） I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 ②在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等”(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形；should可省） There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 ③同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？ 二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether,连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） 1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略） The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句） 高中英语定语从句用法全面系统讲解（1） 一、概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why 等。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。（引导词是关系代词that） His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。（引导词是关系代词whose） In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在那个黑暗的街道上，没有她可以求助的人。（引导词是关系代词whom） In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。（引导词是关系代词who） I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。（引导词是关系副词when） This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。（引导词是关系副词where） 二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。 1、作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语） A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。（引导词that在句中作主语） The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语） They planted the trees which didn't need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。（引导词which在句中作主语） 2、作宾语 在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去 The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略） 同位语从句 一定义及分类 一．连接词分类及用法 四．虚拟语气 【习题精炼】 1．The headmaster made a suggestion that the sports meet until next Sunday．A．Will be put off B．will put off C．put off D．be put off 2．is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs．A．There B．This C．That D．that 3．It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey． A．while B．that C．if D．for 4．leaves the room last ought to turn off the 1ights． A．Anyone B．The person C．Whoever D．Who 5．they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．A．That；how B．What；how C．What；that D．That；that 6．I have will be yours sooner or later． A．No matter what B．No matter how C．Whatever D．However 7．Word came I was wanted at the office． A．which B．why C．that D．whether 8．we can’t get seems better th an we have． A．What；what B．What：that C．That；that D．That：what 9．—has made our city Dalian she is today? —It is the Party’s policy that has made it take on a new look． A．What；that B．That；what C．there；so D．That；that 10．It was at the very beginning Mr White made the decision we should send more firefighters there． A．that：that B．when；which C．there；what D．where；what 11. The fact ________ he didn’t see Lao Li yesterday is true. A．which B．that C．when D．what 12. I have no idea ________ he will come back. A．where B．when C．what D．That 13. The dictionary is to a student________ the tool is to a worker. A．which B．that C．what D．whatever Keys：1-5DDBCD 6-10 CCACA 11-13 BBC 同位语从句 一、同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。 二、同位语从句点拨 （1）同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week. （2）同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration. （3）分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. （4）后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thoug ht,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位 语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off. 三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 （1）所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特 征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。（定语从句） The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all. 她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。（同位语从句） （2）在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略， 指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从 句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。（同位语从句） The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。（定语从句） （3）所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion, order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 （4）wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如； 定语从句练习题 选择: 1.Is this factory ____ we visited last week? Is this the factory ____ we visited last week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one 1.Let me think of a proper situation ______ this sentence can be used. A、where B、that C、of whom D、which 3.She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing. She will never forget the day_____ she stayed with him in Beijing. A、when B、what C、which D、why 4.The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak. A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which 5.Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names. A、who B、who want C、who wants D、what 6. I don't like English, _____ grammar I am not interested. I don't like English, ____ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _____ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _____ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whose 7.I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am 9.His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday. A、that B、with which C、which D、without which 10.11. Which of the two cows ______ you keep produces more milk? A、which B、that C、what D、as 12.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 13.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem ___ we couldn't solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the ones 14.______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. That 15.I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 16.How do you like the book? It’s quite different from _____ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 17.There are three libraries in our school, _______ were built five years ago. A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that 18.What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 定语从句详解 Prepared on 24 November 2020 定语从句（AttributiveClauses） 一：定义 (AttributiveClauses)：在复合句中，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的，用作定语来修饰主句的某个名词或代词（先行词）或者整个句子的形容词性从句（定语从句），一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词和从句 1）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 2）关系词：引导定语从句，代替先行词在从句中充当成分的词 3）从句：既然为句，就有人称，时态，数的变化。 二：关系词：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who（指人），whom，whose，that，which，as；在从句中做主语，宾语，或定语，指人或物 关系副词：when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）；在从句中依次做时间，地点，原因状语，可以用介词（in，on，for，during等）+ which替换★补充1：人称代词：指直接指代人或者事物的代词 ★补充2：物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也叫人称代词的所有格 ★归纳表格（1）—关系代词 ★归纳表格（2）—关系代词 ★归纳表格（3）—关系代词 ★归纳表格（4）—关系副词 3：具体用法及实例 关系代词 1）Who：who在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语，但不能放在介词后 （1）主语 分解：The man is a teacher. The man is speaking in the classroom. 合并：The man who is speaking in the classroom is a teacher （2）宾语 分解：The man is my friend. You met the man in the street just now. 合并：The man who（whom）you met in the street just now（可后置） is my friend. （3）概括 He is the man who wants to see you. He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday. 2）Whom：在从句中作宾语，可放在介词后 （1）宾语 分解：The woman is a doctor. They want to visit the woman. 合并： The woman whom they wanted to visit is a doctor. （2）概括 He is the man （whom） I saw in the park yesterday. 小结：Who whom 都可在定语从句中充当宾语成分，但whom作为宾语，较为正式；而who作为宾语使用时，常用语非正式语中；二者若同时出现而且充当相 同成分，whom优先。 3）Whose：用来指人或物，（只能用作定语，若指物，相当于名词所有格，可以同of which互换）。 （1）定语 分解：The teacher praised Lilei. His English is the best in our class. 同位语从句用法小结 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词 advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word 二、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. I have no idea what he is doing now.。 There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise. 三、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 同位语从句 一．同位语 同位语：跟在名词或代词后，与之表达同一内容；通常由名词、名词性短语等担任。 （A=B：两项所指相同） e.g 我知道奥巴马，美国的总统。 I know Obama, the president of United States. （Obama与the president of US同一个人）我们应该从过去当中学习，它是现在的一面镜子和将来的希望。 We should learn from the past, the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. The future belongs to you, young people. 未来是属于你们年轻人的。(you=young people) (实质是句中两个成分相等) 二．同位语从句 1.（1）概念：由一个句子来充当同位语。 e.g 我知道这个事实，奥巴马是美国的总统。 I know the fact that Obama is the president of United States. (the fact就是指的是奥巴马是美国总统) We should learn from the truth that the past is the mirror of the present and the hope of the future. （2）与从句同位的名词通常为抽象名词： fact, truth, Idea, thought, belief, hope, doubt, rumour, question, answer, reply, news, , order (有些抽象名词本身带有“疑问”的含义，如question, doubt) 2. 构成： （------先造3个简单的句子，He is a student.(陈述句) Is he a student?（一般疑问句）Who is a student?(特殊疑问句) 同位语从句(连词)不是与前面的抽象名词有关，连词取决于后面从句是什么样的形式； （I know the fact he is a student. ） （1）如果从句是陈述句，连词用that e.g I know the fact that he is a student. 我听到了这个消息，他离开了我们。 I heard the news that he left us. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了命令战士们应该立即过河。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Hawaii. 我们非常高兴听到这个消息，我们将在夏威夷度过我们的暑假。 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． 他什么都没说，这个事实让大家很吃惊。 结论：that在从句中不做成分，并且没有含义 （2）如果从句是一般疑问句，连词用whether, 再把一般疑问句变陈述句语序 高中定语从句详细讲解 一:定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 三:关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 一、概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： I want to marry a rich man. 定语 I want to marry a man who is tall, rich and handsome. （从句谓语和先行词一致） 先行词定语从句 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词； 定语从句用关系词（_____________ _____________）来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 1)关系代词：______________________________________ 2)关系副词：______________________________________ 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如： He is the man who/that wants to marry me. 他就是那个想娶我的人。(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I want to marry. 他就是我想嫁的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 合并： 1.The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage. _______________________________________________________ 2.I don’t know the boy. The boy is in blue shirt. _______________________________________________________ 3.My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music. _______________________________________________________ 翻译： 1那就是教我们英语的老师。 ______________________________________ 2你正在等的教授已经来了。 ______________________________________ 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，可以同of which互换，放在从句主语后面)。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. =Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. 合并： 1 He bought a dress. The dress’s price is 100 pounds. ____________________________________________________ 2 He has a friend. The friend’s mother is a singer. _____________________________________________________ 高考英语最可能考的同位语从句 英语中有两类从句所修饰的名词可以叫“先行词”，一类是定语从句，一类是同位语从句。同学们知道，定语从句所修饰的先行词数量很多，单是指人和指物的名词就有千千万万个，但英语中的同位语从句则不同，它所修饰的先行词非常有限，中学英语中最常用的可能只有几十个，并且高考可能重点的考查只有十几个： 1. chance 可能性 chance后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某事发生的可能性。如： I think that there is every chance that you will succeed. Do you think there’s any chance that you could get a job in Paris 2. doubt 怀疑 doubt后接that引导的同位语从句，表示对某事的怀疑。如： There is no doubt that the world is getting warmer. There’s no doubt that one day a cure will be found. 3. fact 事实 fact后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个事实的具体内容。如： The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists is as great as ever. 4. evidence证据 evidence后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个证据的具体内容。如： Do you have evidence that this treatment works Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting 5. hope希望 hope后接that引导的同位语从句，表示希望的具体内容。如： Is there any hope that they will be home in time The President has expressed the hope that relations will improve. 6. idea 想法 idea后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。如： It’s based on the idea that all people are created equal. Where did you get the idea that she doesn’t like you高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
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