职称英语综合类b级历年真题
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第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。
1、It is difficult to comprehend, but everything you have ever seen, smelt, heard or felt,is merely your brain's interpretation of incoming stimuli.
A.explanation
B.evaluation
C.recognition
D.interruption
2、Romantic novels, as opposed to realistic ones, tend to present idealized versions of life, often with a happy ending.
A.in contrast to
B.in regard to
C.in terms of
D.in light of
3、When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,sting
B.serious
C.terrible
D.temporary
4、When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadlyobject to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it.
A.passive
B.lifelong
C.unhappy
D.fatal
5、Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp..
A.local
B.unfamiliar
C.good
D.unfavorable
6、There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with.
A.tolerate
B.contribute
C.resist
D.prohibit
7、They believe that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nation's economic independence.
A.uphold
B.minimize
C.weaken
D.postpone
8、Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,plaint
B.consideration
C.delay
D.anxiety
9、A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.
A.freedom
B.assistance
C.clues
D.funds
10、Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.
A.Certainly
B.Probably
C.Absolutely
D.Almost
11、Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.
A.shaken
B.damaged
C.fallen
D.jumped
12、Academic records cannot be duplicated.
A.borrowed
B.purchased
C.rewritten
D.copied
13、We have ample money for the journey.
A.some
B.little
C.extra
D.enough
14、The failure is not horrible because it helps to accumulate useful experiences.
A.increase
B.spread
C.collect
D.grow
15、The government warned the people of being careful about this kind of contagiousdisease.
A.infectious
B.serious
C.dirty
D.worrying
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
16、根据材料，完成16-23题。
The Workers' Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage.
Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor -- they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.
Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions ( A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and. permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policy making groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17、In reCent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers' role in management with two major reasons.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18、Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19、Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20、The workers' participation in management might save a plant from closing down.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21、One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22、An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
23、根据材料，完成23-31题。
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
1. An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
2. Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in
1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new
and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
3. However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
4. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.
5. Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
Paragraph 1_____
A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This/Research Nowadays
B.Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language
C.GeneraI l nformation about Washoe
D.The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized
E.Debate on Chimps’Intelligence
F.Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps.
24、Paragraph 2_____
A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This/Research Nowadays
B.Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language
C.GeneraI l nformation about Washoe
D.The Gardeners’Contributions Recog nized
E.Debate on Chimps’Intelligence
F.Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps.
25、Paragraph 3_____
A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This/Research Nowadays
B.Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language
C.GeneraI l nformation about Washoe
D.The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized
E.Debate on Chimps’Intelligence
F.Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps.
26、Paragraph 4______
A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This/Research Nowadays
B.Report about Washoe’S Progr ess in Learning Sign Language
C.GeneraI l nformation about Washoe
D.The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized
E.Debate on Chimps’Intelligence
F.Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps.
27、Washoe could make signs to communicate______
A.if the Gardener s’argument was sound
B.because she was cleverer than other chimps
C.when she wanted to eat
D.while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E.because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F.while Washoe was learning sign language
28、Some scientists doubted_____
A.if the Gardeners’argument was sound
B.because she was cleverer than other chimps
C.when she wanted to eat
D.while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E.because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F.while Washoe was learning sign language
29、Washoe taught younger chimps sign language_____
A.if the Gardeners’argument was sound
B.because she was cleverer than other chimps
C.when she wanted to eat
D.while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E.because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F.while Washoe was learning sign language
30、The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent______
A.if the Gardeners’argument was sound
B.because she was cleverer than other chimps
C.when she wanted to eat
D.while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E.because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F.while Washoe was learning sign language
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
31、根据材料，完成31-36题。
Find Yourself Packing It on? Blame Friends
Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.
Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who were been closely followed for 32 from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who were friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades.That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?
The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a person's chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight, however, and family members had less influence than friends.
It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained.
And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter.
Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others' perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad.
"You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you" , Dr. Christakis said.
The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years -- each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends.
Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person's friend's friends, or a spouse's sibling's friends, could have an influence on a person's weight.
The effects; he said, "highlight the importance of a spreading process, a kind of social contagion, that spreads through the network. "
Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too.
Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person's weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As
people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why.
If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?
A.Their friends.
B.Their neighbors
C.Their family members.
D.Their colleagues.
32、Which of the following statement about a friend's influence is FALSE according to the report?
A.Friends had more influence than family members on people who became obese.
B.Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remained.
C.People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.
D.The greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends.
33、According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence?
A.Friends usually spend a lot of time together.
B.Friends share similar eating habits.
C.Friends are more important than family members.
D.Friends affected each others' feelings of fatness.
34、Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?
A.Social contact.
B.Genetic information.
C.Life style.
D.Environmental influences.
35、In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?
A.Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
B.Individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights.
C.Obesity can easily spread from one to another without any physical contact.
D.Obesity can spread rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time.
36、根据材料，完成36-41题。
Good Modern Newspaper
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well,from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping : from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece,reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality ( 时事性),its immediate relation to what is
happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply
the techniques of reading.
A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT its_____
A.wide coverage.
B.uniform style.
C.speed in reporting news.
D.popularity.
37、According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same"newspaper is that______
A.people scan for the news they are interested in.
B.different people prefer different newspapers.
C.people are rarely interested in the same kind of news.
D.people have different views about what a good newspaper is.
38、It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______
A.apply reading techniques skillfully.
B.jump from one newspaper to another.
C.appreciate the variety of a newspa.per.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,ually read a newspaper selectively.
39、A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because______
A.it tries to serve different readers.
B.it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.
C.readers are difficult to please.
D.readers like to read different newspapers.
40、The best title for this passage would be”_______”
A.The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B.The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C.The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D.Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
41、根据材料，完成41-46题。
Quality Education
A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.
For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the wodd's children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.
Can education for all be achieved by 20157 The answer is definitely "yes", although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum
of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.
Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country's capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.
In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can______
A.free countries from foreign rules.
B.speed up social progress.
C.give people freedom.
D.liberate people from any exploitation.
42、Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to______ by 2015.
A.get all the world's children to complete primary school
B.enroll all the world's children into primary school
C.give quality education to people of 88 countries
D.support those committed to transforming their education systems
43、_____ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.
A.32
B.59
C.29
D.88
44、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A.Raising the efficiency of education systems.
B.Improving the quality of education.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,ing information technologies.
D.Building more primary schools.
45、As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid______
A.may not be highly effective.
B.is provided only when some criteria are met.
C.alone makes development possible.
D.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind.
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容讲其
分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
46、根据材料，完成46-51题。
"Happy Birthday to You"
The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.
One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. (46) They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.
Another theory, probably a more common one, is that Americhn popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America. " (47)
The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.
Regardless of why it spread, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many .other countries. (48) "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.
Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets,and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bring colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion.(49)
The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning,when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today,while stills blowing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock "n" roll and its variations, country & westem music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's youth. " (50) And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back
to the U. S.
请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。
A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.
B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.
C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.
D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.
E.American food has become popular around the world too.
F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.
47、请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。
A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.
B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.
C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.
D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.
E.American food has become popular around the world too.
F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.
48、请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。
A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.
B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.
C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.
D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.
E.American food has become popular around the world too.
F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.
49、请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。
A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.
B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.
C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.
D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.
E.American food has become popular around the world too.
F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.
50、请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。
A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.
B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.
C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.
D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.
E.American food has become popular around the world too.
F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.
第6部分：完形填空(第51~65 ，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
51、根据材料，完成{TSE}题。
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been (51) recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and (52) development. She warns that many of the world's fast-growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to (53) emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse (54) . These gases are known to affect the atmosphere. "Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "" But too few cities are developing effective strategies to (55) their residents. ""
Cities are (56) sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term (57) The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential (58) associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat (59) paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may (60) basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing (61) access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.
Local govemments, (62) , should take measures to protect their residents.Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric (63) meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, "They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce (64) use. In fact.many local governments are taking a hands off approach. "" Thus, she urges them to change their 65 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。
A.carry along
B.carried away
C.carried out
D.carried back
52、请在第__(52)__处填上正确答案。
A.economic
B.industrial
C.rural
D.urban
53、请在第__(53)__处填上正确答案。
A.reduce
B.increase
C.study
D.measure
54、请在第__(54)__处填上正确答案。
A.crops
B.gases
C.fruits
D.plants
55、请在第__(55)__处填上正确答案。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,cate
B.evaluate
C.protect
D.identify
56、请在第__(56)__处填上正确答案。
A.doubtful
B.possible
C.repeatable
D.major
57、请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,es
B.chances
C.cures
D.benefits
58、请在第__(58)__处填上正确答案。
A.threats
B.interests
C.functions
D.differences
59、请在第__(59)__处填上正确答案。
A.locally
B.heavily
C.suddenly
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,dly
60、请在第__(60)__处填上正确答案。
A.provide
B.improve
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,ck
D.update
61、请在第__(61)__处填上正确答案。
A.without
B.with
C.in
D.on
62、请在第__(62)__处填上正确答案。
A.moreover
B.therefore
C.however
D.though
63、请在第__(63)__处填上正确答案。
A.other than
B.more than
C.less than
D.rather than
64、请在第__(64)__处填上正确答案。
A.train
B.automobile
C.bus
D.bike
65、请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。
A.idle
B.smart
C.busy
D.secure
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职称英语等级考试试题-综合A6 第三篇Play Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development. In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others. Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread 7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
职称英语综合类B级真题（补全短文） 第5部分补全短文(第46-50题，每题1分，共5分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。 Saving a City’s Public Art Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city’s colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway._____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48) The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca’s “The Great Wall,” a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world. One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell’s “Seventh Street Altarpiece.” which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. _____ (50)
2002年全国职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试试题及参考答案 第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The price of vegetables f1uctuates according to the weather. A jumps B rises C falls D changes 2 Did you do that to irritate her? A tease B attract C annoy D protect 3 Mary looked pale and weary． A ill B tired C worried D peaceful 4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水). A polluted B downgraded C mixed D blackened 5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive. A very boring B very thorough C very interesting D very touching 6 Alice is a fascinating girl. A a beautiful B a pretty C an attractive D a pleasant
7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. A displayed B shown C proved D assessed 8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. A offered B rented C provided D sold 9 She stood there，crying and trembling with fear． A shaking B staggering C struggling D murmuring 10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so. A ran B rolled C walked D raced 11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premises． A argued B derived C permitted D come 12 I can no longer tolerate his actions． A putupwith B accept C take D suffer from 13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. A ask B persuade C assign D order 14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage. A extensive B negative
职称英语综合类B级-13 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00) 1.It proved that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother. （分数：1.00） A.turned over B.turned in C.turned down D.turned out √ 解析：prove意为“证明”，turn out意为“结果是，证明是”，意思相近。其它选项A意为“打翻”；B意为“上缴”；C 意为“把声音变小”。 2.Your hair wants cutting you'd better have it done tomorrow, （分数：1.00） A.likes B.requires C.needs √ D.desires 解析：本题句中的wants等于needs，是一种口语惯用法，后接动名词主动式表被动含义，动名词与主语之间是动宾关系。 3.The court sentenced him to death for murder. （分数：1.00） https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,wyer B.tribunal √ C.attorney D.barrister 解析：court意为“法庭”，与tribunal意思相同。其它三项均为“律师”的不同写法。 4.These goods are essentially for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market. （分数：1.00） A.basically √ https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,pletely C.necessary D.remarkably 解析：essentially意为“本质地，基本地”(=basically)。选项B． completely意为“完全地”；选项C necessarily 意为“必要地”；选项D．remark ably意为“大量地，显著地”。 5.Unfortunately, the technology employed to send men to the moon is not relevant to the solution of the problems of the inner city. （分数：1.00） A.resultant B.reliant C.responsible D.related √
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案 一、词汇选项 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5617521449.html,e out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2.The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3.The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5.These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6.Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread
7.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9.As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A offensive B worried
2016年职称英语综合B真题 第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are (at risk) of flooding. A. out of control B. between equals C. in particular D. in danger 2. The idea was quite (brillian)t. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original 3. Stock market price (tumbled) after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. fell C. increased D. maintained 4. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty. A. stable B. suitable C. adaptable D. changeable 5. The (revelation) of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. confirmation C. disclosure
D. recall 6. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very (brutal). A. careless B. strong C. cruel D. hard 7. The coastal has area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B. severe C. hard D.dry 8.You'll have to (sprint) if you want to catch the train. A. jump B. escape C. prepare D. run 9. The course gives you basic (instruction) in car maintenance. A. idea B. term C. coaching D. aspect 10. The new (garment) fits her perfectly. A. haircut B. purse C. necklace D. clothes 11. The phobia may have its root in a childhood (trauma). A. fear
职称英语考试综合类B类试题及答案
职称英语考试综合类(B类)试题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was close to success. A．fast B．quick C．near D．tight 2 The two girls look alike. A．beautiful B．similar C．pretty D．attractive 3 The boy is intelligent A．clever B．naughty C．difficult D．active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back A．sorry B．sad C．angry D．happy 5 What is your goal in life？ A．plan B．aim C．arrangement D．idea 6 Jack is a diligent student. A．hardworking B．ambitious C．lazy D．slow 7 Mary said mildly， that she was just curious A．gently B．shyly C．weakly
8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds. A．Clearly B．Almost C．Absolutely D．Basically 9 The story was very touching. A．inspiring B．boring C．moving D．absorbing 10 I wasn't qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhow. A．somehow B．anyway C．anywhere D．somewhere 11 She was a puzzle.
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案 理工类-A级 2003-2010 目录 1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2) 2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16) 3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35) 4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54) 5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68) 6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76) 7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89) 8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)
2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed
2020职称英语综合类B级真题（补全短文） 第5部分补全短文(第46-50题，每题1分，共5分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。 Saving a City's Public Art Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world. But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing by along the freeway. _____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later. Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48) The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（C级）试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A. right B. obvious C. unclear D. unbelievable 2. We found shelter from the rain under the trees. A. defense B. protection C standing D. room 3. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. structure B. bottom C. surface D. top 4. The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me. A. real B. whole C. same D. strange 5. That performance was pretty impressive. A. completely B. very C. beautifully D. equally 6. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events. A. bring B. separate C. put D. set 7. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A. at B. with C. from D. about 8. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. throw B. seized C. broke D. stretched 9. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A. taught B. attracted C. kept D. changed 10. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. A. cruel B. open C. sudden D. direct 11. “There is no other choice.” She said in a harsh voice. A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind 12. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A. passed by B. took a notice of C. woke up D. found by chance 13. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border B. goal C. level D. peak 14. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything. A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure 15. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A. worried B. sleepy C. offensive D. anxious 参考答案: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.B 15.C 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect
2015职称英语综合类B真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed 12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D .pubic 13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.