英国文化概况试题及答案
（参考课堂讲解的内容及课件）
一章Land and People 考题
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts:
1. The British Isles are made up of?________
A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones
B. two large islands and Northern Ireland
C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones
D. three large islands and Northern Ireland
2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______
A. Britain, Scotland and Wales
B. England, Scotland and Wales
C. Britain, Scotland and Ireland
D. England, Scotland and Ireland
3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______
A. that have a large number of British immigrants
B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
C. that speak English as their native language
D. that were once colonies of Britain
4 About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and ______of the world’s land area.
A. one third
B. one fifth
C. one fourth
D. two fifths
答案：
Key: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C
Chapter 1 land and people
1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?
The British Isles, Great Britain and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country, while the official name is the United Kingdom, but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.
2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?
Britain is an island country. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.
3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?
The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.
4. Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?
Y es, it has a favorable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature, too.
5. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?
The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three:
1) The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;
2) The prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;
3) The North Atlantic Drift, a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.
The northwestern part has the most rainfall, while the south-eastern corner is the driest.
6. Describe the distribution of Britain’s population.
Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated, with an average of 237people per square kilometer. It is also very unevenly distributed, with 90%of the population in urban areas, 10% in rural areas. Geographically, most British people live in England. Of the total of 57 million people, 47 million live in England; 14 million live in London and Southeastern England.
7. What are the three natural zones in Scotland?
The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.
8. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, W elsh and Irish? The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and rash are Celts.
9. What are the differences in character and speech between southern England and northern England? How do the W elsh keep their language and culture alive?
The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. The Scots are hospitable, generous and friendly. Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as well as for the beauty of their Irish girls. Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive.
10. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland?
Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominant group, while the latter are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.
第二章Origins of the Nation
Arrival and settlement of the Celts
Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons
The V iking and Danish invasions
King Alfred and his contributions
The Norman Conquest and its consequences
1 The earliest invasion of England is that by _____.
A. the Iberian
B. the Danes
C. the Celts
D. the Anglo—Saxons
2 the Celts religion was _____.
A. Christianity
B. Druidism
C. Norman belief
D. Roman Catholic
3 the Anglo—Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.
A. Christian
B. Druid
C. Roman Catholic
D. Teutonic
4 The Anglo—Saxons established _____ system, whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes and organized the local army.
A. salve
B. feudal
C. manorial（采邑制度）
D. Capitalistic
5. The Anglo—Saxons created the _____ to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council.
A. Synod
B. Witan（议会）
C. Whit by
D. Shirt court
6. ______ was known as “the father of the British navy”.
A. Edward
B. Balfe
C. Canute
D. Harold I
7. Christmas Day _____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A. 1056
B. 1066
C.1006
D. 1060
8. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now _____.
A. France, Belgium and Spain
B.France, Spain and southern Italy
C. France, Belgium and southern Germany
D. France, Spain and southern Germany
9. By the middle of the ninth century, _____ posed a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Essex.
A. the Vikings and the Danes
B. the Vikings and the Jutes
C. the Jutes and the Danes D .the Danes and the
Vikings (是不是和A一样呀？)
10. The battle of Hastings witnessed the death of ____ in October, 1066.
A. Edward
B. Testing
C. Harold
D. Harridan
11. In 597, ____ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury.
A. Agricola
B. Constantine
C. St. Augustine
D. Gregory I
12. The Saxons were originally from _____.
A. northern Holland
B.northern Germany
C. south Norway
D. south Germany
13. The Celts began to arrive about ____BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Roman.
A.400
B. 500
C.600
D.700
14．The Celts came to Britain in ______main waves.
A two Bothered C four D five
15. _____laid the foundations of English state.
A Celts
B the Anglo-Saxons
C the Romans
D the Normans
16. Alfred the Great was the King of ______.
A Sussex
B Essex
C Essex
D Mercia
17. On the Christmas Day of 1066, ________was crowned king of England.
A. Edward B Harold C Edgar D William
18. When Edward, the Confessor died, the Witan chose ______as English King.
A Duke William
B Edith
C Harold
D Testing
19. Of the following four kings, ______ died most tragically.
A King Edward
B King Egbert
C King Harold
D King Alfred
20. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near _______.
A London
B Normandy
C Stanford
D Hastings
21. From which of the following languages was the suffix-caster or-orchestra in English place names borrowed?
A Danish
B Welsh
C Latin
D German
22. The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by_______.
A the Celts
B the Anglo—Saxons
C the Normans
D the Romans
答案：
选择1c. 2B. 3D. 4C. 5B 6B. 7B 8 C 9 A 10 C 11 C 12 B 13D 14B 15B 16C 17D 18C 19C 20D
21C 22B
简答
1 How did the Celts invade Britain?
The Celts invaded Britain in three waves: the Gaels, the Brythons and the Belgae.
2 How did the Anglo—Saxons invade England?
The Anglo—Saxons invaded into Britain in three waves: Jutes, Saxon and Anglos.
3 Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century?
By the end of the 8th century, the Norwegian V ikings and the Danes Denmark began to invade
England.
4 What is the significance of the Norman Conquest?
The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded.
5 Who formally brought Christianity to Britain? And when?
Christianity was brought to Britain by St.Augustine in 597.
名词解释
1. Heptarch
I t is a collective name for the seven Anglo—Saxon kingdoms from the 7th century to the 9th century. They are Kent, Essex, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia and North Umbria. After the 9th century, the seven kingdoms were conquered one after another by the invading Danes.
2. Alfred the Great
He was king of Essex, one of the seven Anglo—Saxon kingdoms. It was he who led the
Anglo—Saxons to fight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British navy.”
3. William the conqueror
He was also known as William, Duke of Normandy In 1066, he led the Normans to cross the
English Channel and conquered England .He became William the First. His reign marked the beginning of the full feudal system in England.
第三章Shaping of the Nation（练习题一）
1. Under William's rule, the---- were at the bottom of the feudal system.
A. barons
B. freemen
C. villains
D. lawyers
2. William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon king, with----
A. the Grand Council
B. the House of Lords
C. the House of Corranons
D. Parliament
3. William II was known as William----- because of his red complexion.
A. Rufus
B. the Conqueror
C. the Confessor
D. the Unready
4. Henry II was the first king of the ----dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet
5. In Henry II ' s reign, a----- law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.
A. local
B. private
C. civil
D. common
6. The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of--- in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.
A. Labourers
B. Clarendon
C. Oxford
D. Cambridge
7. The Great Charter was signed in and had---- clauses.
A.1251, 63
B.1251, 73
C.1215, 63
D.1215, 73
8. In 1265---- summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
A. Henry
B.the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort
9. The Hundred Y ears' war started in---- and was ended in , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of--- ,
A .1337 , 1453, Flanders
B .1337 , 1453, Calais
C.1346, 1453, Argencourt
D.1346, 1453, Brest
10. In 1351, the English government issued a Statute of--- , which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .
A. Oxford
B. Clarendon
C. Labourers
D. Magna Carta
II Fill in the blanks
1. Under William, the------ system in England was completely established.
2. william replaced the---- , the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with the--- of his new tenants-in-chief.
3. The property record in William's time is known as---- , which was compiled in
4. ------was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.
5. In Henry II ' s day, the country was divided into---- circuits, and the---- system replaced old----- ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle.
6. ----' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer' s time after he was murdered.
7. In 1215, the b aron’s charter, known as---- or----- was approved, which contained---- clauses.
8. In the Hundred Y ears' war, the French heroine ------- led the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453, was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.
9. ---- was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England's
population from four million to----- million by the end of the 14th
century.
10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of--- farmers.
Answers:
1.C
2.A
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.B
7.C
8.D
9.B 10.C
II
1. feudal
2. Witan, Grand Council
3 . Domesday Book, 1086 4. Henry II
5. six, jury, English, Norman
6. Thomas Becket
7. Mangna Carta, the Great Charter, 63
8. Joan of Arc, Calais 9. Black Death, two
10. yeomen
III
1.Domesday Book
It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.
2.lollards:罗拉德派
they were poor priests and traveling preachers who were john wyclif's followers.they played an important role in the mental preparations for the peasant uprising of 1381.they preaching the equality of men before god.
3.Joan of arc:圣女贞德
she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war,she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France.
4.The Black Death
It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.
1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror?
Under the rule of William the Conqueror, the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system, the king owned all the land personally. William gave his barons large estates in return for military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates were scattered all over the king. Then, the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles, knights and freemen, also in return for goods and services. At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.
2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great charter?
Contents: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land; the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges, and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king.
3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?
Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons to a head. And the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster, together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town, a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament.
4. What do you know about Wat T yler's Uprising?
The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home, while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king, who suppressed the Uprising brutally. Although the Uprising failed, it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy, the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom, and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged, paving the way for the development of capitalism.
第三章Shaping of the Nation（练习题二）
选择题
1．The Domesday Book was completed in________.
A. 1085
B. 1086
C.1087
D.1088 答案： B
2. When William died in Normandy in 1087 he left Normandy to ________,and
England to______.
A. William Rufus; Robert
B. Robert ;Henry
C. Robert; William Rufus
D. Henry; Robert 答案：C
3. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of
______, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B the barons C the church D the king 答案：D
4. The barons forced the king of Henry 3 and his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the _____.
A . Provisions of Oxford.
B Provisions of Y ork
C Provisions of Westminster
D provisions of Canterbury 答案：A
5 . Magna Carta was signed in _______ at a conference at ______.
A. 1066; Runnymede
B. 1215; Windsor
C. 1215; Oxford
D. 1215; Runnymede 答案：D
6. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of______.
A. the Witan B the king C the Grand Council D the Commons 答案：C
7 In 1265 Simon summoned the Great Council to meet together with two knights from each county and two ______ from each town.
A burgesses B. bishops C. clergymen D. yeomen 答案：A
8 The Hundred Y ear's War lasted from _______to________.
A. 1337;1450
B. 1337;1453
C. 1330; 1453
D. 1337;1455 答案：B
9 'Domesday Book' was compiled during the rule of ______.
A William I
B William II
C Henry II
D King Stephen 答案：A
10 The Black Death swept through England in the summer of _____without warning.
A 1374
B 1348
C 1349
D 1350 答案：B
11 After the Hundred Y ear's War, power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ambitious_________.
A bishops
B Merchants
C nobles
D royal family members 答案：C
12 The causes of the Hundred Y ears War were partly ______and Partly _______.
A. political; military B political; economic C territorial; religious D territorial; economic 答案：D
13 The Hundred Y ears' War could be devided into _______outstanding stages.
A two
B three
C four
D five 答案：B
14 Under William's rule, the______ were at the bottom of the feudal system. '
A. barons
B. freemen
C. villeins
D. lawyers 答案：C
15 William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon king, with ______
A. the Grand Council
B. the House of Lords
C. the House of Corranons
D. Parliament 答案：A
16 William II was known as William ______ because of his red complexion.
A. Rufus
B. the Conqueror
C. the Confessor
D. the Unready 答案：A
17 Henry II was the first king of the ______dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet 答案：D
18 In Henry II ' s reign, a _______ law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.
A. local
B. private
C. civil
D. common 答案：D
19 The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of ____in 1164 to increase the
jurisdiction of the civil courts.
A. Labourers
B. Clarendon
C. Oxford
D. Cambridge 答案：B
20 The Great Charter was signed in ______ and had______ clauses.
A.1251, 63
B.1251, 73
C.1215, 63
D.1215, 73 答案：C
21 In 1265 _____summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
A. Henry
B.the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort 答案：D
22 The Hundred Years' war started in_____ and was ended in______, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _____,
A .1337 , 1453, Flanders
B .1337 , 1453, Calais C.1346, 1453, Argencourt D.1346, 1453, Brest 答案：B
23 In 1351, the English government issued a Statute of_____ , which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .
A. Oxford
B. Clarendon
C. Labourers
D. Magna Carta 答案: C
一句话解释
1 Which system was completely established under William in English ?
答：The feudal system was completely established under William in English.
2 What book was Domesday Book?
答：This book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085, and stated the extents, value, the population , state of cultivation, and ownership of the land.
3 What's the role of Simon's Parliaments?
答：It's role was to offer advice, not to make decisions.
名词解释
1 The Domesday Book。
答：This book, completed in 1086, was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085, and stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land.
2 the Black Death
答：The Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease caused by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. Particularly in 1347-1350. It reduced between one half and one-third of English population and caused a great economic loss.
3 the Great Charter
答：The Great Charter, also called Magna Carta, was the first famous political document to limit the king's powers in English history. It was signed in 1215 by King John. It contains altogether 63 clauses.
英国概况 4 Transition to the modern Age
1 The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after_______.
A the Black Death
B the Watt Tyler's Uprising
C the Hundred Y ear's War
D the Glorious Revolution
答案：C
2 In the reform of the Church Henry VIII dissolved all of England's monasteries and nunneries because they were much more loyal to _________then to their English kings.
A. the Pope
B. Jesus Christ
C. Roman Catholic
D. the bishops
答案：A
3 Thanks to Mary, Protestantism and _________ were now forever synonymous in Britain.
A. Catholicism
B. prosecution
C. the Reformation D nationalism
答案：D
4 For nearly thirty year, Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers at the time,_________, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict.
A. Spain and Germany
B. France and Spain
C. Spain and Denmark
D. France and Italy
答案：B
5 _________was regarded as the second Magna Carta.
A. The Petition of Right
B. The Provision of Oxford
C. The Grand Remonstrance
D. The Militia Bill
答案：A
6 The Renaissance began in north ______in the early ______century.
A. France；14th
B. Italy; 16th
C. Italy; 14th
D. England; 14th
答案：C
7 In December 1653，by an Instrument of Government, Oliver Gromwell became _______of the Commonwealth of England.
A. Prime Minister
B. King
C. Lord Protector
D. Emperor
答案：C
8．In foreign affairs. Henry VIII was aided by ________ , Archbishop and Lord Chancellor.
A. Thomas More
B. Thomas Becket
C. Thomas Wolsey
D. Martin Luther
答案：C
9 The Armada was defeated by England in ________.
A. 1587
B. 1588
C. 1558
D. 1540 答案：B
10 After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of ______ , a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament.
A. the Commonwealth
B. the Federal Republic
C. the Constitutional Monarchy
D. the special monarchy
答案：C
11 Although the Wars of the Roses were waged intermittently for thirty years, ordinary people were _______affected and went about their business as usual.
A. little
B. a little
C. much
D. greatly
答案：A
12 It was during the reign of ______, the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.
A. Elizabeth I
B. Henry VIII.
C. Charles I
D. Anne
答案：D
13 The last battle of the Wars of Roses was at ---______in 1458.
A. Hastings
B. Bosworth Field
C. Naseby
D. Oxford 答案：B
一句话解释：
1 What was Queen Mary know as?
答：She was known as " Bloody Mary".
2 Why do we call Mary T udor Bloody Mary?
答Because she at least burnt 300 Puritans as heretics.
3. Why were Puritans happy when James I came to the throne?
答：Because James I came from Scotland and the Scottish Church was a pure Protestant Church with democratically elected officials.
4 Who supported the king during the war?
答: Many nobles and gentry supported the king.
5 What's the relationship between Elizabeth I' s England and France?
答：She managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France.
名词解释
1 Bloody Mary
答：Mary was Henr y VIII' s daughter and she was a Catholic. After she became Queen, she persecuted many people for their Protestant religious views and some were put to death. As a result, people call her "Bloody Mary".
2. the wars of Roses
答：After the Hundred Year's War, in order to decide who would rule England, a war broke out between the House of Lancaster and the House of Y ork, which were symbolized by the red and white roses respectively. The war lasted from 1455 to 1485. It is usually regarded as the end of English Middle Ages.
英国概况第五章Rise and Fall of the British Empire
选择题
1. _______was the forerunner of the Conservative Party.
A The Liberal Party B. The Whigs C. The Tories D. The Labour 答案：C
2. The open filed system lasted till _________ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
D. 18th 答案：D
3. The spinning jenny was invented by _________.
A. John Kay
B. James Hargreaves
C. Richard Arkwright
D. Samuel Crowpton 答案：B
4．The Physical Force Chartists was led by _______.
A. William Lovett
B. Feargus O’Conour
C. Attwood
D. Engles 答案：B
5. The Suez Canal was built by ________ engineers.
A. English
B. French
C. Dutch
D. Portugal 答案：B
6. The Chartist Movement lasted from _______ to _________.
A. 1840;1848
B. 1840;1845
C. 1836；1840
D. 1836;1848 答案：D
7．The People’s charter made in 1838 had _________points.
A. 3 B 4 C.5 D. 6 答案：D
8．Canada was established as a dominion by_______.
A. the 1736 Treaty of Pairs
B. the Quebec Act of 1774
C. the Canada Act of 1791
D. the British North America Act of 1867 答案：D
9．The foundations of the welfare state, in Britain, were laid in _________.
A. the 1940s
B. the 1950s
C. the 1960s C. the 1970s 答案：A
10．The Independent Labour Party was formed in _______, led by________.
A. 1893; Mac Donald
B. 1893; Keir Hardic
C. 1906; keir Hardic
D. 1922; Mac Donald 答案：B 11．Britain’s colonial expansion began with ________.
A. James Cook’s discovery of Botany Bay
B. the colonization of Newfoundland
C. the establishment of the East India Company
D. the Pilgr im Fathers’ settlement in the New World.
答案：B
12．The British East India Company was established in _______.
A. 1600
B. 1700
C. 1840
D. 1848 答案：A
13．By 1900 more then ________of Africa had been colonized by European countries.
A. 20%
B. one-third
C. 9/10
D. half 答案：C
14．After the Opium wars in 1840 the British troops occupied Hong Kong in _________.
A. 1839
B.1840
C.1841
D.1842 答案：C
15．The Beatles，the popular band in 1960s, came from ________.
A. London
B. Birmingham
C. Edinburgh
D. Liverpool 答案：D
16. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries radicals were active in English Parliament spreading radical ideas whose common aim was thorough reform of the ________.
A. political system
B. religious system
C. Parliamentary system
D. hereditary monarchy 答案：C
17．At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, because _____.
A. he was old-fashioned
B. people did not support his postwar policies
C. he was not qualified as a prime minister in a peaceful age
D. people wanted to forget about the war 答案：D
18．In the Industrial revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in ______.
A. hardware
B. textiles
C. pottery
D. chemicals
答案：B
19．The Chartist Movement was officially launched at a great Birmingham meeting in _____, with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People’s Charter.
A. 1836.
B. 1838.
C. 1840.
D. 1842. 答案：B
20．The English Renaissance was largely _______.
A. religious
B. ideological
C. philosophical
D. Literary.
答案：D
一句话解释
1．What field did the Industrial Revolution firstly occur in?
答：The Industrial Revolution firstly occurred in the filed of textile.
2. When did the Labour Party come to power for the first time?
答：In 1942 the Labour Party came to power for the first time.
3. What are the two major parties in Britain?
答：They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
4. What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?
答：Britain became the “workshop of the world”.
解释
1．Whigs and T ories
The Whigs was one of the two main political parties originating with the Glorious Revolution. The Whigs opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. In 19th century the Whigs became known as the Liberal party. The Tories was one of the two main political parties in the period of the Glorious Revolution. The Tories
supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.
2. Thatcherism
Mrs. Thatcher’s policies were usually called Tha tcherism. It
included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the
use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade
unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy,
and an emphasis on law and order.
3. The welfare state
It is a system of government by which the state provide the
economic and social security of its citizens through its organization
of health services, pensions and other families. This system is founded
out of national insurance contribution and taxation. In Britain the
term applies mainly to the National Health Service, national insurance
and social security.
4.constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a country in which head of the state is a
king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does most rule.
5. Social security system
Social Security System is a part of welfare system which is designed
to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need,
providing financial help for those who are elderly, sick, disabled,
unemployed, widowed, bringing up children or on very low incomes.
第七章：Government and Administration
选择题
1．The United Kingdom is governed in the name of _________, by_________.
A. the king; His Majesty's Government
B. the Queen; Her Majesty's Government
C. the Sovereign; Prime Minister
D. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty's government 答案：D
2．__________is the "supreme governor" of the Church of English.
A. The monarch
B. The Archbishop
C. The Archbishop of Canterbury
D. The Roman Pope 答案：A
3. The United Kingdom is a _______state.
A. unitary
B. federal
C. republic
D. feudal 答案：A
4．The British monarchy can be traced back to at least ________century.
A. the 7th
B. the 8th
C. the 9th
D. the 10th 答案：C
5．In Britain the citizens aged _______ or over have the right to vote.
A. 16
B. 18
C. 21
D. 30 答案：B
6．Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through _________.
A. the council tax
B. the income tax
C. the capital receipts
D. the personal contribution 答案：A
7．In Britain a candidate must be at least _______or over with the deposit of &_____.
A. 20；500
B.21；500
C.20；800
D.18；400 答案：B
8．The House of Common is headed by________.
A. the Prime Minister
B. the Speaker
C. the Lord Chancellor
D. the Monarch 答案：B
9．By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _________by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A. the Prime Minister
B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal
D. Speaker of the House 答案：A
10．The British Cabinet is presided by _________.
A. the Prime Minister
B. the Speaker
C. the Lord Chancellor
D. the Monarch 答案：A
11．The Social and Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and _________.
A. the Conservative Party
B. the Labour Party
C. the Liberal Party
D. the Green Party 答案：C
12．Which of the following about UK's monarchy is not true?
A. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.
B. There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom.
C. Today the Queen holds the real power in UK.
D. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only.
答案：C
13．The leader of the House of Lords is ________.
A．the Speaker B. the Monarch
C. the Prime Minster
D. the Lord Chancellor 答案：D
14．Northern Ireland is divided into _________districts.
A. 20
B. 26
C. 36
D. 40 答案：B
15．Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal?
A. All hereditary peers and peeresses of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland).
B. Lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.
C. Senior bishops of the Church of England.
D. All other life peers.
一句话解释
1．How often is the general election held in Britain?
答：In Britain the general election is normally held every five years.
2. What's the clerk of the parliament responsible for?
答：The Clerk of the Parliament is responsible for the records of proceedings of the House of Lords and for the text of Acts of Parliament
3. What did the term "parliament" originally mean?
答：The term "parliament" originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion.
4. What's the Speaker?
答：The Speaker is the head of the House of Commons.
5. What is the House of Lords made up of?
答：It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the L ords Temporal.
6. What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?
答：It began with the textile industry.
7. Which war was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king in Britain?
答：It is the Glorious Revolution.
8. What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?
答：They are Whigs.
9. How many members are there in the House of Commons?
答：There are 651 members in the House of Commons.
10. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, W elsh and Irish? 答：The ancestors of the English are Anglo—Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts. 11．What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?
答：Its main function is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of making law.
名词解释
1．Constitutional Monarchy
答：The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's powers are limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no real power. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
2. the Privy Council
答：The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the United Kingdom. It's origins can be traced back to the King's Council, which in the 13th century gave the Sovereign advice on the government of the country. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, it Gradually lost its importance. Much of its work was taken over by the Cabinet until the 18th century. Today it's role is largely formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees, and issuing royal proclamations.
3. Social Security System
答：Social Security System is a part of welfare system which is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need, providing financial help for those who are elderly, sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed, bringing up children or on very low incomes.
第十章英国文化（练习题一）
1. Compulsory education begins at 5 in Great Britain and four in Northern Ireland, when children go to----
A. infant schools
B. junior schools
C. independent schools
D. primary schools
2. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend----
A. independent schools
B. public schools
C. grammar schools
D. comprehensive schools .
3. There are some --- universities, including the Open University.
A.900
B.290
C.90
D.50
4. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can --- by law.
A. receive completely free education
B. receive parly free education
C . receive no free education if their families are rich
D. receive no free education at all
5. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?
A. Education is chaotic.
B. Education is highly centralized.
C . Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom .
D. Education is very expensive.
6. There are about ---- daily and Sunday newspapers published in Britain.
A.180
B.150
C.130
D.100
7. Which of the following is not quality newspapers?
A. Fincacial Times
B. The Sun
C. The Guardian
D. The Times
8. Which of the following is not the important weekly reviews?
A. The Economist
B. The New Statesman and society
C.The Spectato
D. Reader's Digest
9. --- is the most typically English of sports.
A. Cricket
B. Golf
C. Tennis
D. Horse-racing
10. The most famous art festival in Britain is----
A. the Royal National Eisteddford of Wales
B. the Llangollen Internationl Eisteddford
C. the Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama.
D. the Bath Festival of Musis
II
1. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of---- (---- in Northen Ireland) and----.
2. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as---- , which was replaced by----
3. The most famous public schools for boys are -----.--- , Westminster and Winchester. The Leading girls' public schools are and Cheltenham Ladies' College.
4. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into----- and----
5. The most-known universities in Britain are---- and---- which date from the --- and --- centuries.
6. The national newspapers in Britain can be divided into national and national----.
7. National newpapers are also popularly divide into---.---- and ---papers on the basis of differences in style and content.
8.---- dominates the arwaves of Britain, using English and other languages.
9. The principal new agencies in Britain are---- , the Press Association and Extel Financial Ltd.
10. The most popular sport in England is--- , while---- is the most typically English. The home of golf is----
11. London has over 100 theatres, half of which are in----
12. There are several thousand libraries in Britain which include the "---- " libraries, libraries of other universities and learned institutions, and the---- libraries.
answers
I
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.C
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.A 10.C
II
1.5, 4, 16
2. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools
3. Eton, Harrow, Roedean
4. further education, high education
5. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th
6. dailies, Sundays
7. quality, popular mid-market
8. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 38
9. Reuters
10. football cricket, Scotaland
11. the West End
12. copyright, public
1.What do you know about state schools and "public schools" in the UK?
About 90 percent of the state secondary school populations in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools. These take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. Many of Britain's public schools are private-run and long-established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery.
2. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities?
The Open University is a non-residential university. It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages. It uses a combination of specially produced printed texts, correspondence tuition, television and radio broad casts and audio/video cassettes. There is a network of study centers for contact with part-time and counselors, and with fellow students.
3. What are the differences between quality papers and popular papers?
Quality papers and directed at readers who want full information on a wide range of public matters, while popular papers appeal to people wanting news of a more entertaining character ,presented more concisely.
4. Which sport is regarded as typically English?
Cricket is the most typically English of sports.
第九章英国概况Social Affairs
1 The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship, as
laid down in __________ without the consent of Parliament.
A. the Bill of Rights
B. the Provisions of Oxford
C. the Constitutions of Clarendon
D. the Book of Common Prayer 答案：D
2 The position of the Church of Scotland was defined in the Treaty of Union, 1707, and further safeguarded by the Church of Scotland Act, ______.
A. 1921
B. 1922
C. 1923
D. 1924
答案：Ａ
3 The Salvation Army is served by 1,800 officers (ordained ministers) and runs more than _____ worship centers.
A. 500
B. 1,000
C. 1,500
D. 2,000 答案：Ｂ
4 The Free Church do Not include ＿＿＿＿．
A the Methodist Church
B the Church of England
C the Baptists
D the United Reformed Church．
答案：Ｃ
5 ____ is not among the Anglican Churches
A The Church in Wales
B The Church of Ireland
C The Episcopal Church in Scotland
D The Baptists．
答案：Ｄ
6 At Christmas, the home is decorated with the following except _____.
A. colorful paper chains
B. leaves of holly and mistletoe
C. a young fir-tree
D. firecrackers
答案：Ｄ
7 Easter is traditionally associated with the following except ____.
A. the resurrection of Christ
B. the eating of Easter eggs
C. the custom of giving presents
D. the coming of spring 答案：Ｃ
8. ______is the largest of the Free Churches.
A. The Baptists
B. The Methodist Church
C. The Roman Catholic Church
D. The Church in Wales
答案：B
9．Established Churches in Britain are ______.
A. Church of England and Church of Wales.
B. Church of Wales and Church of Scotland
C. the Anglican Churches.
D. Church of England and Church of Scotland. 答案：D
10.______is more important than Christmas to Scots.
A. Whit Sunday
B. New Y ear’s Day
C. April Fools Day
D. Easter 答案：B
一句话解释
1 What are the two established churches in Britain?
They are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland.
2 How many provinces does the Church of England have?
The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and Y ork.
3 When were the first women priests ordained in Britain?
They were ordained in March 1994.
4 Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865?
William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army.
5 Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorations?
They go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations.
6 What is the National Day in Britain?
The birthday of the British Monarch is a National Day in Britain.
7.What does Guy Fawkes Day come From？
Guy Fawkes Day comes from the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
8. What is the most important established Church in Britain?
It is the Church of England.
9．What was the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?
It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.
名次解释
1 Established Churches
Established churches are those legally recognized as official churches of the State.
2 Church of England
Church of England is the most important established church in Britain. It is legally recognized as official church of the state. It is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and must promise to uphold it. The church is also linked with the State through the House of Lords, in which the two archbishops and some other bishops have seats. It was two provinces: Canterbury and Y ork.
3 The Salvation Army
It was founded by William Booth in the East of London in 1865, who was a follower of the Methodist Church. Within Britain, the Salvation Army is second only to the Government as a provider of social services.
4 Bank Holidays
Bank Holidays also called official public holidays. The term goes back to the Bank Holidays Act of 1871, which owes its name to the fact that banks are closed on the days specified.
5 Easter
Easter is the chief Christian festival, which celebrates the Resurrection of Christ, on the first Sunday after the first full moon that coincides with, or comes after, the spring equinox (March 21st).
6 Remembrance Sunday
Remembrance Sunday also called Armistice Day. It’s the important patriotic festival and on the Sunday nearest to November 11. On this Sunday, the dead of both world wars are remembered in special church services and civic ceremonies. The royal members and many important statesmen would lay wreathes to them.
7 Boxing Day
December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen on this day.
英国部分第十章Cultural Affairs（练习题二）
选择题
1 There are over ________nursery and primary schools and nearly _______secondary schools with a total student population of over 9 million in Britain.
A. 25.000 5000.
B. 5000 25.000.
C. 5000. 2500 D 5000. 2500.
答案：A
2 In Britain there are some _______universities including the Open University.
A 90.
B 100. C. 110. D.120.
答案：A
3 About_______ of the secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools.
A. 70% B 80% C. 90% D. 100%
答案：C
4 First degree courses are mainly full time and usually last
________years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
A.3
B. 4
C. 5 D 6
答案：A
5 The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is
_______ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland。
A．14． B.13. C.12. C.11.
答案：D
6 About _______daily and Sunday newspapers are published nationwide in Britain.
A. 100
B. 110.
C. 120.
D. 130.
答案：D
7. Which of the following is NOT the important regional morning paper
in England?
A .The Daily Record. B. The Northern Echo.
C. The Sunday Mercury.
D. The Eastern Daily Press.
答案：A
8.Of monthly magazines,________ has the highest circulation.
A. Economist
B. Reader’s Digest
C. Spectator
D. Scotsman.
答案：B
9．Of the following four sports, _______ has the longest history.
A. cricket
B. golf
C. football
D. rugby.
答案: A
10 The Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama takes place for a period of _____.
A. 2 to 3 weeks
B. 3 to 4 weeks
C. 4 to 5 weeks
D. 5 to 6 weeks 答案: B
11. David Hare’s trilogy does not include _________.
A .Racing Demon B. The Phantom of Opera
C. Murmuring Judges
D. The Absence of War
答案：B
12．______ is the home of golf.
A. England
B. Scotland.
C. Wales
D. Ireland.
13. Copyright Libraries are those which ________.
A. are the Libraries of universities and learned institutions.
B. are public libraries.
C. are entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.
D. are of other universities and learned institutions.
答案：C
14．Each year ______ hosts the London Film Festival.
A. the National Film Theatre.
B. the National Film archive.
C. the National Opera Theatre.
D. the National Ballet Theatre. 答案：A
15．The state-run BBC is financed from ______.
A. the Government
B. the sale of television license.
C. commercial activities.
D. both B and C. 答案：B
16 The most famous arts festival in Great Britain is held in ______.
A. London
B. Llangollen
C. Edinburgh
D. Stratford.
答案：C
17. _______ Does NOT belong to popular dailies.
A. Ness of the World
B. Daily Mirror
C. Daily Star
D. The Sun 答案：A
一句话解释
1．When was Reuters founded?
答：Reuters was founded in 1851 by the German Julius Reuter.
2. Where did bulk of expenditure on education come from?
答：The bulk of expenditure on education comes from public funds.
3. What is the most typically English of sports?
答：Cricket is the most typically English of sports.
4. What is the oldest golf club in the world?
答：The oldest golf club in the world is the Honorable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.
名次解释
1 Reuters
答：The principal news agency in Britain is Reuters, based in London.
It was founded in 1851 by the German, Julius Reuter. It is now a publicly owned company, employing over 11,000 staff in 80 countries. It has more than 1,300 staff journalists and photographers. The company serves subscribers in 150 countries, including financial institutions; commodities houses; traders in currencies, equities and bonds; major corporations; government agencies; news agencies; newspapers; and radio and television stations.
2. Open University
答：Higher education in Britain is not compulsory and students would have to pay fees, but the government would give students financial help if they need the help. There are about 90 universities in Britain and the most famous ones are Oxford and Cambridge. There is also the Open to all to become students, mainly adult students.
3. the Beatles
答：In the early 1960s a new cultures-the Liverpool, or Merseyside, “beat”, emerged in Britain. The people responsible for this new pop culture were four Liverpool boys who joined together in a group and called themselves the Beatles. Unlike the famous solo stars that had their songs written for them, the Beatles wrote their own words and music. They wrote not only of love, but of death and old age, poverty and daily life. The Beatles had a close personal relationship with their audiences, and they expected them to join in. As they developed, their song became more serious. They finally won the affection and admiration of people of all ages and social backgrounds.
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
英国国家概况及英国文化 、教育简介国名： 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)国旗： 呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。 为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于１８０１年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽： 即英王徽。 中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上写着“天有上帝，我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。
国歌： 《上帝保佑女王》杜摯猠癡?桴?畱敥屮（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为杜摯猠癡?桴步湩屧）国花： 1 / 10 玫瑰花国鸟： 红胸鸽国石： 钻石科学节： １８３１年开始，一年举办一次科学周： １９９４年开始，在每年的３月举办自然地理： ２４．４１万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区１３.０４万平方公里，苏格兰７.８８万平方公里，威尔士２.０８万平方公里，北爱尔兰１.４１万平方公里。 位于欧洲西部的岛国。 由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。 隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。 它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。 海岸线总长１１４５０公里。 全境分为四部分： 英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河（３５４公里）和泰晤士河（３４６公里）。
My feelings for the class of survey of Britain In terms of this class, I have gained a general understanding of the British society from the exploration into every corner , which is ranging from rel- igion, education, architecture, holidays and so on. This broadens my visi- on to a much larger extent. Generally speaking, they can be summarized as follows: First of all, a preliminary social scene has been shown to us during the class. The UK is a great nation all around the world and people speaking native English must have something different from us Chinese. Classmat- es from different majors have shown me the Britain society from their own view, which I think is very interesting. For example , someone gave his lecture by the way of listing lots of pictures. The moment was watc- hing the pictures I got a lot of information, besides , it seems not very boring. Secondly, it is《The Rise of Great Powers》.This is the twice I have wat- ched this documentary. While, I regard it as a reflection of the history of the Britain . It is also a showcase of the Empire of the Sun and a brainst- orm to me. Someone maybe whisperd, we China also does have a history as brilliant as Britain. However, from a foreigner’s view , it is fresh enoug- h and exciting enough.Perhaps, we may get lots of lessons from Britain. Finally, the teaching form is novel and lively. During my showtime, I am the reporter of the class. People sitting in the classroom are all listeners
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
Reviewing Questions for A Survey of Britain 1. What are the four political regions in the UK? England,Scotland,Wales and Noethern Ireland. 2. What are the three zones in Scotland? The Highlands in the north,the Lowlands in the centre,the Uplands in the south. 3. How is the BBC financed? It is financed by the grants from the British government and the sale of licenses. 4. What is the big event that happened in 1066? The Norman Conquest. 6.What are the capital cities of Northen Ireland and Irish republic respectively? Belfast and Dublin. 7. What are most of the western governments divided into? Legislative,executive,and judicial 8. What are the three major news agencies in the UK? Reuters,the Press Association Ltd. and Extel Financial 9. What are the two school systems at primary and secondary levels? The state school system and independent school system 10. What does the British central government consists of? The Cabinet,the Prime Minister,the Privy Council,and the Civil Servants 11. What does the British parliament consist of? The Monarchy,The House of Lords and The House of Commons 13. What does the Westminster consists of? Westminster Abbey and Place of Westminster 14. Why do Englishmen like to talk about the weather? Because the weather changes frequently there`s always something to say about it , and this is probably the commonest way for strangers to start a conversation in Britian. 15. What is the official name of Great Britain? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 16. What are the two sides in the Second World War? The Axis Powers and the Allies 17. How often does a general election normally take place? Every five years 18. What is the main function of the House of Commons in Britain? Legieslation 19. What are the three major parties in the UK? The Conservative Party,the Labor Party and the Liberal Party 20. What are the three great religions of the world? Christianity,Islam and Buddhism.
该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。 另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中，但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，
英美概况（英国篇5:大英帝国的兴衰 ) I. Whigs and Tories 辉格党人和托利党人 These two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688). 这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。 The Whig were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party. 辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。辉格党人在 19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。 The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. 托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。托利党是保守党的前身。 I. Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century 18世纪末的农业革命 During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the "open-field" system ended when the Enclosure Act was passed. The movement lasted for centuries. Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results: 18世纪末、19世纪初的农业革命期间，随着《圈地法》的颁布，传统的"开放田地"制结束。圈地运动持续了将近一个多世纪。农业圈地运动的利弊共存： （1） Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; 由于大农场兼并了小农场，农场成为越来越在的生产单位； （2） More vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; 人们消费的蔬菜，牛奶及奶制品越来越多，饮食种类愈加丰富； （3） Enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns. Enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; 圈地对佃家而言是场灾难，他们被赶出土地，被迫到城镇找工作。圈地运动导致了大规模的移民，尤其是移民至新大陆。 （4） A new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. 农村关系中产生了新的阶级对立。 II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830) 工业革命（1780-1830） 1．The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. 工业革命指的是17世纪末、18世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。
The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets
英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
Small Island，Big world As it is a fact that England has been a big country in the world for a long period,not only on the land ,but also on the sea.The British Empire was the largest country at that time,which occupied about 33 million square kilometers,taken up one fifth of the world’s total dry land and about 135 tomes as large as Great Britain.It ruled over a population of 560 million,which was more than ten times as large as that of Britain.It was called an empire “on which the sun never set”.Because on almost all the continents of the world Britain had its colonies that kept the sun can be seen on the sky all the time. Britain’s Overseas Expansion British overseas expansion was clearly part of an older tradition of European empire building.They traced this back to classical Greece and Rome,Spanish and Portuguese expansion following Columbus’ voyage to the new world. Britain’s overseas expansion was begin with several battles against Spanish during Elizabeth ’era.Elizabeth avoided open hostility with Spain,but she secretly encouraged English seadogs to raid Spanish colonies and plunder the Spanish ships that were returning back home to Spain.At first,the Spanish king did not know that Britain was their most dangerous rival or Elizabeth’s intention until Spanish king Philip was at the helm of the state.So ,in 1588,the king dispatched a fleet of 130 vessels which named “the Invincible Fleet ”to England.The fleet sailed up the English Channel and a large naval battle out.The English battleships threw their enemies into panic with fire ships.The badly battered the Spanish’s fleet fled to northward in confusion.Caught in a storm ,many of the Spanish warships died and only half of them survived and went back to Spain,never dare to come to England again. The lost of the war made Spain lose its lead position on the sea,while ,on the other hand,Britian could take over Spanish power became the leader.The victory not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion as a colonizing nation.What’s more,British overseas expansion helped the state gather many property for this empire’s construction. British Foreign Expansion In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,Britain experience the Industrial Revolution.It is a big event for all the British.During the Industrial Revolution,a varity of chater companies were the tentacles and they spearheaded the foreign expansion and colonization.These companies,such as the East India Company,had the right to use the English Navy.Charter companies would first force a foreign country to open its market,then they would control the market and establish the British sphere of influence.If the British had occupied the land,the natives would have to leave their land or controlled by them.At the same,as a result of the Industrial Revolution,the empire was quite eager for raw material and expanding its foreign market.So the Britain began to expand its colonies all over the world. The expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland,soon,many continents had became British colonies. In Asia,the East India company was founded in 1600.At first,it traced with India through a few trading posts it had managed to secure on the coast and the southern tip of the peninsula.They also managed to edge out the French and Portuguese colonists who had also come for conquest.By 1819 the British conquest of India was almost complete.The British aggression caused anger
英美文化概况作业 1、what are the differences in political system between the UK and the USA? Ex:课件 2、what is the role of the Monarch in the UK? Ex:课件女王 3、how do you comment on the British education system? Ex:与中国教育进行对比阐述。课本。 4、what do you think of the open University in British？ Ex:英国教育起源招生宗旨培养目标 5、how do you comment on the American ? ex:最后一天讲的，找一个点进行对比。 6、how does novel develop in British literature? Ex: 书本上，稍微动脑筋课件上总结 7、what is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature? Ex:美国文学倾教思想如何在教育中体现的？可以以霍森的小说为例解释、 8、why is that theatrical creations have been on integral part of english的 culture for centuries? Ex:课本上。课件里没有 9、summarize the history development of british music? Ex:课本目录。 10、what innovations have the 20th century artist in the United States made in the field of arts? Ex:课本上的。 11、do the Americans share the same weddings traditions with the British people? Ex、课本上的。
Exercises of Chapter One I. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the best one to complete the statement. 1. The national flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Which flower is the symbol of England/Scotland/Wales/Northern Ireland? A. Thistle B. Shamrock C. Daffodil D. Rose 3. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The largest lake in Britain is ______. A. Loch Lomond B. the Lough Neagh C. Windermere D. Ullswater 5. The largest lake in Britain is located in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 6. The Lake District is well-known for________. A. its wild and beautiful scenery B. its varied lakes C. the lake Poets D. all of the above three 7. The British Isles are made up of______. A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 8. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester 9. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 10. Among the four political divisions of Britain, __________ is the most densely populated. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 11. The capital of Scotland is __________. A. Belfast B. Cardiff C. Edinburgh D. Dublin 12. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. A. the Atlantic Gulf Stream B. the Brazil Current C. the Labrador Current D. the Falkland current II. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False. 1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland. 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales. 3. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”. 4. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. 5. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 6. The longest river in Britain is River Thames. 7. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. 8. God Save the Queen is a national anthem used only in Britain. 9. The highest point of the Pennines is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.