定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择
----by 成都树德中学兰银清
一）定语从句的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就
是定语从句
We can’t ignore the difficulties that/which lie ahead.
All that I want is your happiness.
What is the name of the man who just came in.
I like those who smile a lot.
There are a lot of students here whose parents work outside.
This is the school where I used work.
定语从句的先行词: 被定语从句饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词
引导定语从句的关系代词：who, whom , which, that, whose，as
引导定语从句的关系副词：when, where, why，as
二）如何选用关系代词？
1.判成分如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who, whom（作宾语），that, which.
2.确定先行词
1)先行词如果指人选用who, whom(作宾语)或者that，在实际运用中多使用who; 先行词如果指物选用that或者 which，在实际运用中多使用that
先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏ／ｗｈｏｍ／ｔｈａｔ
1，Do you know the people_________ live next door ?
2，This is the man _________I met on the train last week.
3，It is a book_________ will interest children of all ages.
4，I have found the car keys __________you were looking for.
注意：(1）、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词可以省略
This is the man (who/that/whom) I met on the train last week.
(2）限定性定语从句需要表语，用that
I am not the man that I was ten years ago.
Wenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.
2) Whose 引导的定语从句
当定语从句需要所有格（也可以理解为定语），则需要用whose。只要定语从句需要所有格，先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。
先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏｓｅ
6.We stopped to help some people ________ car broke down.
7.I live in the house ________ door is red.
8.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.
9.The school shop, __________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.（高考）
注意：whose指物时， whose +n= the n of which/of which the n
10.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.
= You don’t need to look up every word the meaning of ______ is not clear.
11.We are introducing a new system, _________ aim is to cut costs.
=We are introducing a new system of _______ the aim is to cut costs.
12. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
14.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of_______ had taken more than three years.（高考）
15.The newly-built cafe, the walls of ___________are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
三）如何选用关系副词
1）判成分：如果定语从句不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词
2）确定先行词：先行词指地点用where; 指时间用when;指原因（reason）,用why.
在定语从句中，when/where/why = 适合介词+which
1，I will never forget the day when I first met you.
=I will never forg et the day ______ _________ I first met you.
2, This is the school where I once worked.
=This is the school ____ ______ I once worked.
3, Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me ?
= Do you know the reason _______ ________which she doesn’t like me ?
4.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____ life has developed gradually.
5. I live in a small city, ________ population are mostly migrants.(本人自编题)
注意：
1，先行词是时间、地点或者原因，但是定语从句需要主语或者宾语，则把先行词看成是指物，
要使用关系代词that/which
试比较：
1）This is the school ________ I used to work.
2）This is the school _______ I used to work in.
3) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, ______ is a national key school, is where I used to work.
4) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, _______ I used to work, is a national key school.
5),This is the school __________I visited last week.
6),I will never forget the days _________ we stayed together.
7),I will never forget the days __________ we spent together in the summer.
8), The reason _____________ he gave me sounds good.
9),The reason__________ he dislikes me is that I tell exactly what I think of him.
10).By 16: 30, ___________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold out.
本人自编12), I would rather go to visit the factory next week, ________ I won’t be busy. (
题)
13）Finally, he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
14) That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
15)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two or three weeks.
2. 定语从句一般紧跟先行词，但是有时也可能被其它成分隔开。(一定要找准先行词哦！)
1）He is the only teacher in my office_______ has been to London .
2）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
小试身手：
3）Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _______, for some reason , had withdrawn from all human society. （浙江高考）
4）After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed
clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（江苏高考）
5）Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.（全国卷）
6）An ecosystem consists of the living and non living things in an area ______ interact with one another.
7）The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
三.注意区别限定性和非限定定语从句
限定性定语从句：对先行词起着修饰限定作用
非限定定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用
注意非限定定语从句不能用that
1）He married a woman ___________ he met on a train.
He married a very nice young engineer, _________he met on a train.
2）Did you like the wine __________we drank last night ?
I poured him a glass of wine, _______ he drank at once.
3) The ball fell to Collins , _________ shot hit the post.
4) Chengdu No. 9 High School, _________ I used to work , is a national key school..
5) The summer of 1969, __________man first set foot on the moon, will never be forgotten.
haven’t borne any fruit.(本人自编题)
6) These apple trees, ____I planted three years ago,
7) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.
四）关系代词或者副词的选用的进一步讲解
1. which 与as 的选择
1).意义上的区别as 往往翻译为“正如”；which往往翻译为“这一点”。
Mr. Lu committed suicide, _________ made the whole nation sad.
He passed all the examinations, _________ we had expected.
He is an engineer, _____ his brother isn’t.
As 往往有一些相对固定的形式
as we had expected, as we all know, as is known to us all, as is/was reported, as
is often the case, as it turned out, as we can remember etc.
He was late for work this morning, as is often the case.
2)位置上的区别
which引导的定语从句，常常位于主句之后，作为插入语位于句中，但是一般不能位于句首；
as 引导的定语从句位置灵活。可以位于主句之后位，作为插入语位于句中，位于句首。
She married John, ________surprised us all.
（09山东）Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
As we know, light travels in a straight line.
Light, as we know, travels in a straight line.
Light travels in a straight line , as we know.
小试身手：
1）.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （06江苏卷）
2）.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can
be very eye-opening and rewarding.（07湖南卷）
3）.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.（07上海卷）
4）_______ is reported in the newspaper, he studied in Japan for three years.
.
5）____________it turned out, he passed the exam quite easily
6) When deeply absorbed in work, _______ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(12北京)
7）The Beatles ,____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
8) After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling，_____ turned out to be a wise decision.
9) He is an engineer, _____ his brother isn’t.
2. such+n +as vs such +n +that
the same+n as vs the same +n =that
1) such+n +as vs such +n +that
“such +n+ as”引导的是定语从句，常常翻译为“如……的”，as 在定语从句中要充当成分；
“such+ n+ that ”引导的是结果状语从句, 翻译为“如此….以至……”, 结果状语从句是一个完整的句子，that 在句中不充当成分。
Such students (as you mentioned just now) should be praised.（定语从句）
He is such a good student that we all like him. (状语从句)
他是如此好的学生，以致我们都喜欢他。
He is such a good student (as we all like.)（定语从句）
他是我们大家都喜欢的好学生。
so + adj. +a/an +n +as引导的定语从句和so + adj. +a/an +n+ that 引导的状语的区别同上
He is so good a student (as we all like.)
He is so good a student that we all like him.
2) the same…that vs the same…as
A: 如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，the same…that the same…as 完全一样；
如果定语从句需要状语，则只能用the same …..as
他今天穿的夹克和昨天的一样。
He is wearing the same jacket as/that he wore yesterday.
Jack 和Mike是同一天离开的。
Jack left the same day as Mike left.
B: the same …as 也可以接短语
我有和你一样的字典
I have the same dictionary as yours.
3. 定语从句中夹I know , I think, I wish, I feel, he said, he thought…的情况
We are going to meet someone __________I know( that) you will like.
This is the woman ________ Ann said would show us the church.
It is the body of a man ___________ the police think was murdered.
It is a house ____________we feel (that) we might want to buy.
This is the house ___________ we believe(that) Mr. Li was murdered.
4.介词+which/whom to do 结构相当于一个省略的定语从句
We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in _______ to play.
In my opinion, Mr. Black is a nice man with _________ to get on.
5. that 与which 的选择
下面限定性定语从句用that, 不用which
1)先行词含all, both, any(thing), some(thing), every(thing), no(thing), none ,few, little,
much, the very+n,the only+n….用that而不用which
All that I want is your happiness.
I hope the little that I have done has been useful.
Please send us all the information _______ you have about the candidate for the position.
2)先行词含序数词，最高级时，用that而不用which
This is one of the most delicious meals ________ I have ever had.
3)先行词既指人又指物，用that, 不用which 或者who
They are talking about the people and things _________ they can remember.
4)限定性定语从句需要表语，用that
Wenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.
下面情况用which,不用that
1)在非限定定语中用which, 不用that
In 1908 Ford developed his Model T car, which sold for 500 dollars.
Sally got married to Joe, w hich made Paul very unhappy.
2)介词+which 引导的定语从句，不能用that
Football is a topic in________I have interest.
w ho和that 的选择
1)先行词指人时，who和that 基本可以互换。
2) 先行词是one, someone, everyone, anyone, those 时，常常使用who
I would like to share a room with someone _______ doesn’t smoke.
3) 非限定定语从句，用who, 不整用that指人
My friend, L Ping, ______comes from Chengdu, plays the guitar very well.
4）介词+whom引导定语从句
This is the man with whom I share the room.
5) 限定性定语从句需要表语，用that
I am not the man that I was ten years ago.
6.which的特殊用法
which+概括意义的名词引导的非限定定语从句
during which time=and during that time 在那段时间
in which case=and in that case 在那种情况下
at which point= and at that point 在那时
which language= and that language
He may win the competition, in________ case he is likely to get into the national team.
They stayed with me for two weeks, during _________ time they drank all the beer I had.
He spoke German, _____language I can only follow with difficulty.
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why The factory ________ I visited is not far from here. 诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited, 2.假设可填入which，which I visited, which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。 很完整，which正确，或that The factory ________ I work is not far from here. 1. ___I work 2. which I work,,,,which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory. I work in the factory，可见缺少in 4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
“介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意： 1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 4). 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用 介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
定语从句I 关系代词 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。 先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。 一、关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语) 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) 3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语) 4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points : The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period ：One 自主学习过程 关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。） 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital ________ my mother works. **This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法） 方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 方法二： 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中 的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when） This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
定语从句讲解及练习 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：) . ) . 上面两句中的和是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词, , (宾格, 所有格)和关系副词, 、 关系词常有三个作用：、引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 指人，在从句中做主语 () . () . 如果先行词是, , , , , ,关系代词应该用 或. 例：? . 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 () . () . 注意：关系代词在口语和非正式语体中常用代替，可省略。 () . . 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 () . ( 在句子中做主语) () () . ( 在句子中做宾语) . 指人时，相当于或者；指物时，相当于。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 () . (在句子中做主语) () ? (在句子中做宾语)
具体使用时还要注意下列问题：,只能使用,不用的情况： () 先行词是, , , , , 等不定代词时。例如：. (2)先行词被, , , ,等词修饰时。例如：. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：() . (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。() . (5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：. ,只用不用的情况： () 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 例如：. . 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 , , . 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限) 这里有人要和你说话(限制性) () 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与相似，并可以指人。例如： , . () 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用。 . 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 () . () . 指物时，常用以下结构来代替
定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.every day & everyday every day“每天”，作时间状语。everyday是形容词，“每天的，日常的”。 eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英语。 He goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚。 2. between & among between 常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间 among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。 eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary. 汤姆在安和玛丽之间。 They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话 【固定搭配】to do / doing 在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词做宾语，但意思不同 1.forget to do 忘记做某事I’m sorry I forgot to post the letter. forget doing 做过某事忘了 I forgot telling him the news the other day. 2. stop to do 停下来做某事He stopped to talk to me when he saw me in the street yesterday. stop doing 停止做某事 Please stop talking loudly in the library. 3.try to do 尽力做某事I’ll try to get there before sunset. 我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。 try doing 试着做某事Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？ 4.regret to do 遗憾地将做某事 I regret to say that I can’t go with you. regret doing 后悔做过某事I regret missing such a good chance of practising my spoken English. 【关系代词引导的定语从句】 （一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
定语从句中关系代词的用法 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导，关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：1)引导定语从句；2)代替先行词；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。如：The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．句中which my uncle had just bought 是定语从句，修饰先行词the car；which是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the car，在定语从句中作宾语。 表一：关系代词的用法 表二：用which不用that的情况
表三：只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物) 表四：关于as引导的定语从句 2．有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，却不用when／where而用that／which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which)，否则可用where。 例如：I will remember the days that／which we spent together． 我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the factory that／which you visited yesterday． 这就足你昨天参观的工厂。 3．way作先行词时，关系代词的使用： I don’t like the way(that／in which)he treats his parents． 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。 4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同： The news that he told us is true．(定语从句) 他告诉我们的新闻是真的。 The news that our team has won is encouraging．(同位语从句) 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。 That he has won the first prize surprised everybody．(主语从句) 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。 My idea is that you shut the factory．(表语从句) 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。 He said that he was going to leave．(宾语从句) 他说他打算离开这里。
英语语法：定语从句六个关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； 六个关系代词是：that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as ，注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which表物人用who,人物都有that顾； 先行词是物，关系代词用which，也能够用that;先行词是人，关系代词用who,也能够用that;先行词中既有人，又有物，关系代词只能用that。 例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。 解析：先行词mountain village是物，可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语，说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语，所以还能够省略。 例句 2）The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。 解析：先行词man表人，关系词能够用who/that/whom，因为定语从句中缺宾语，关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语，所以能够省略；另外，whom是专门用来做宾语用的，而who则仅仅在口语中才用。 例句 3）This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。
解析：先行词teacher是人，关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语，所以不能省略。 例句 4）He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。 解析：先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物，关系代 词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语，所以又能够省略。 which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know; 这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。 例句1）He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思。 例句2）Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 解析：which是关系代词，指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽。 who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里； 先行词是表示人的词，定语从句中如果缺主语，要用who做关系代词，如果缺宾语，正规场合下用whom, 口语中也能够用who。 例句 1）He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。
定语从句(一) 1.概念：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词，充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句， 叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：在总从复合句中，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。 3.关系代词：即连接主句与从句的词。 4.关系代词包括：that(即可指人也可指物), which(只指物), who(只指人，宾格whom及所 有格whose) 5.主从复合句表现形式： e.g. I like the dress which (my mother bought for me). (我喜欢我妈妈给我买的那条裙子。) 先行词 主句从句 6.关系代词的用法 ①连接主句语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在从句中做成份(如：做主语，宾语等) 7.关系代词在从句中做宾语及主语成分举例 e.g. (王叔叔就是我昨天拜访的那个男的) 中国是一个有着久远历史的国家。) 8.关系代词引导的定语从句（在从句中做成分） ⑴which: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ①做主语：They planted the flowers which (didn't need much water). (他们种植了不需要太多水的花) ②作宾语：I will never forget the days which (I spent （我将永远不会忘记我与你的家人度过的那几天） ⑵who: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ①做主语：The teacher who ( （昨天去看我的那个老师是李先生。） ②作宾语：The girl who/whom (I talked with (我刚才与之讲话的那个女孩将要去北京。) ⑶whose: 在从句中做定语(主语可以是人，也可以是物)。 ①作定语(先行词为人)： (他就是那个他爸爸是医生的男孩) ②作定语(先行词为物): I want to buy the house whose (window face south). (我想买那个窗户面向南方的房子) ⑷that:可在从句中做主语，宾语(即可指人，也可指物)。 9.只用that不用which的情况。 ⑴被修饰的先行词为不定代词⑵先行词被极限词修饰 ⑶先行词被序数词修饰⑷先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰 ⑸先行词即有人又有物⑹主句是there be句型
锐思教育学科教师辅导教案 辅导科目: 英语学员姓名：年级: 学科教师：韩海霞课时数：第次课 授课主题定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 1，复习定语从句的基本结构和关系词的用法 教学目标 2，掌握定语从句中关系代词的具体用法 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一，导入 复习上节课的学习的定语从句的基本内容，关系词的选择以及做题方法。 1，定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系代词一般位于定语从句的句首） 2，关系词可以分为关系副词和关系代词： 关系副词共有三个，在定语从句中作状语。when 表示时间，在定语从句作时间状语；where 表示地点，在从句中作地点状语；why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason 一词。 关系代词that 、which 、who 、whom 、whose 、as 的具体用法 人物主语宾语that √√√√ which ×√√√ who √×√√ whom √××√ whose 只能在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。As 用在一些特定的结构中，as you know 3，选用关系词的做题方法，一“找”，二“还”，三“替换”。 一“找”：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。 二“还”：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词） 三“替换”：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用
关系副词。（时间状语用when ，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why ） 练习： 1，【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day C my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where 2，【2011 陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, B we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 3，【2013 山东】Finally he reached a lonely island C was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 二，关系词只能有that 的情况（关系副词不受以下规则影响） 考点一：先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代词时 1，He never reads anything is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2【，2010 全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else ’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点二：先行词是all, much ，l ittle, none 或先行词被all, much, little, no, any 修饰时 3，【2014 陕西】Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 4，You can take any seat is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点三：先行词被序数词的最高级以及the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修饰时5，The most important thing D we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6，It’s the third time C late this month.
定语从句之关系副词 引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，why 等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time？ 你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？ 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如： Can you show me the house where Shakespeare lived？ 你能带我看看莎士比亚曾住过的那座房子吗？ 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如： I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father。 我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。 4. 由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，如：when ＝on / in / during the day，where= in / at / on the place，why ＝for the reason ，因此关系副词引导的定语从句可以改写为“介词＋which ”引导的定语从句。如： That is the day when （on which ）he did the experiments。 就是他做实验的那一天。 This is the house where （in which ）my father used to live。 这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。 That is the reason why （for which ）he is leaving very soon。 那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。 注意：在这种“介词＋which ”的结构中，介词的选择取决于which 所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如： This is the farm where （on which ）I worked three years ago。 这就是我三年前工作过的农场。 He can't forget that year when （in which ）he was taken to Beijing。 他忘不了他被带到北京去的那一年。 5.关系代词和关系副词的选择 先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重，以下技巧可帮助你解决此类问题。（ 1 ）分析句子结构，看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语，还是作主语和宾语。（ 2 ）看定语从句中的动词是及物动词，还是不及物动词，还是“不及物动词＋介词”结构。 比较：This is the place where he worked （vi ）when he was young。 The city （that / which ）we visited （vt ）is well-known。 We'll never forget the day （that / which ）we spent （vt ）in the village。 We'll never forget the day when we work （vi ）in the village。
高中英语：定语从句关系代词的用法 摘要：定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which；当 定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用who , that , whom；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that , which；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用that 。具体分诉如下： 1、关系代词who的用法：who“谁”，用来表示人，在定语从句中作主语。这里的who一般可以用that来替换。 【例1】Jack, there is someone in the office_____ would like to speak with you.（2008年福建省厦门市） A. who B. which C. whom 【研习】先行词是“someone”表示人，所填的关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以排除B和C选项。故选择A。这里的who可以用that来替换。 2、关系代词that的用法：that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它可以表示人，也可以表示物。作主语表示人时，that和who一般可以互换；作宾语表示人时，that和whom一般可以互换；作主语、宾语表示物时，that 和which一般可以互换，而且都可以省略。 【例2】The scientist and his achievements________you told me about are admired by us all .（2008年广东梅州市） A. that B. which C. who D. whose 【研习】先行词是“the scientist and his achievements”，表示人和物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语只用that。故选择A。 【例3】The boy _______I talked with just now is my best friend . （2007年广西桂林市） A. which B. that C. whose D. where 【研习】先行词是“the boy”，表示人作宾语，答案A是物，答案C和D分别作定语和状语，故选择B。这里的that可以用whom来替换（可以省略）。 【例4】The book _______he bought yesterday is very interesting .（2007年河北省） A . 不填 B. why C. when D. what 【研习】先行词是“the book”，表示物，关系代词作定语从句的宾语；答案B和C作状语，D不能引导定语从句。故选择A。 3、关系代词which的用法：在高中英语中which的具体意思由先行词的意思决定，它只可以代替物，可以作定语从句的主语或宾语，一般which可以由that来替换。 【例5】—Have you found the information about famous people ______ you can use for the report? —Not yet. I will search some on the Internet.（2007年江西省） A. which B. who C. what D. whom 【研习】先行词是“the information（about famous people 是后置定语，不要把people误认为是先行词）”，表示物, 关系代词应该作定语从句的宾语，而答案B一般只作主语，答案C 不可以引导定语从句,答案D代替人，故选择A。这里的宾语which可以用that来替换（可以省略）。 4、whom表示人，在定语从句中作宾语。但是在非正式英语中，有时常用who来代替whom。Whom直接跟在介词后时就不能用who来代替。 【例6】—Excuse me ,can I have a talk with your manager ? —Yes ? I’m just the man _______you are looking for .（2007年安徽芜湖市） A. whose B. what C. who D. which 【研习】先行词是“the man”，表示人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，答案A作定语，答案B不能引导定语从句，答案D不能代替人。故选择C。 【例7】He is the man with______ I just shook hands. A. who B. whom c. which D. whose 【研习】先行词是“the man”表示人，所填的关系词在定语从句中作with的宾语。故选B。