专题一语法基础
考点一冠词1 考点二代词和介词12
考点三形容词和副词24 考点四名词和主谓一致36
考点五非谓语动词48 考点六动词的时态和语态62 考点七情态动词和虚拟语气74 考点八并列句和状语从句87 考点九定语从句98 考点十名词性从句110
考点十一特殊句式120
专题二语法运用
考点十二语法填空132 考点十三短文改错160
专题三阅读理解
考点十四人物故事类189 考点十五社会生活类204
考点十六科普研究类219 考点十七生态环保类234
考点十八广告信息类249 考点十九史地人文类265
考点二十说理议论类280 考点二十一新闻时事类295 考点二十二七选五310
专题四完形填空
考点二十三记叙文324 考点二十四夹叙夹议文348 考点二十五说明文372 考点二十六议论文395
专题五书面表达
考点二十七提纲类420 考点二十八图表类438
考点二十九图画类459 考点三十其他类481
专题六模拟重组卷
考前模拟一498 考前模拟二515
考前模拟三531 考前模拟四550
专题一语法基础
考点一冠词
限时25分钟
一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”。
（2、6、7、10、13、15、11&17、24、27、29）
1．We're trying to think of ________ way out to solve the problem, but it's quite difficult to find one.
答案a该空泛指一种解决问题的方法，用不定冠词a。
2．As a teacher, Monica is ________ success, but as a singer, she is ________ failure.
答案a; a句意：作为一位老师，莫妮卡是一个成功者，而作为一名歌手，她却是一个失败者。抽象名词success 和failure在此指具体的人或事物(即抽象名词具体化)，前面应加不定冠词a。
3．He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times ________ week.
答案a句意：他每周三次去医院照顾他生病的父亲。a在句中表示“每一；一”的概念。(序数词)
4．Michael Kemeter, ________ Austrian climber, climbed a skyscraper in Changsha on September 15 this year.
答案an句意：迈克尔·凯米特，一个奥地利的攀登者，于今年9月15日爬上了长沙的一座摩天大楼。该空泛指一名攀登者，且Austrian的首字母发音为元音音素，故用不定冠词an。
5．All of ________ sudden some passengers on board let out screams, running upstairs like crazy.
答案a句意：突然，一些在甲板上的乘客发出尖叫声，疯狂地跑上楼梯。all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”。
6．Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think it's really ________ most interesting one.
答案a该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。a most相当于a very，表示“非常”之意。
【举一反三】
which of the two poems do you like better? ____ shorter one,of course.I think it's really____ most interesting one.
A.A;the
B.The;a C The; the D.A;a
解析：B
the shorter one 是特指,所以要用定冠词；
a most interesting one 相当于a very interesting one
所以选B most
（最高级前不是该用the？首先，本题中不存在最高级的问题，因为一共才两个嘛，最高级至少要三个；其次，most 在句中作的是副词而不是最高级的构成形式。副词的最高级之前也未必都加the 如I like this book best. 这里用most 就是一个干扰项。）
7．Exploring ________ space is exciting, yet dangerous.
答案/space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。（区别2、7题）
8．She removed ________ hat she was wearing when talking to people.
答案the hat被定语从句she was wearing所修饰，表示特指，所以用定冠词the。
9．With the world watching, Kate gave birth to a baby boy on ________ afternoon of July 22.
答案the句意：在全世界的关注下，凯特在7月22日下午生了一个男孩儿。特指某一天的下午，用定冠词the。
10．In order to find a better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language.
答案a句意：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。the＋序数词表示“第几”，而a＋序数词表示“再一，又一”，由句意可知应填a。
11．This is ________ most moving scene I have ever seen in my life.
答案the句意：这是我一生中见过的最感人的场景。形容词最高级前面需要用定冠词the。
12．There was ________ chair by the window. On ________ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
答案a; the句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。
13．All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed ________ director of the factory.
答案/句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被升为工厂主任的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面不用任何冠词。
14．Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java.
答案the句意：据说马可·波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the。
15．In a week or so, I'll be among ________ unemployed, I'm afraid.
答案the句意：恐怕大约一周以后，我也会失业。the unemployed意为“失业者”。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。
16．Tom is ________ taller of the two boys.
答案the当用于比较级前表示“两者中较……的”时，应用定冠词the。
17．I fell in love with the city ________ first time I came here.
答案the句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。序数词或形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。（区别11题）
18．The man caught the thief by ________ arm.
答案the句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”为固定结构，故应填the。
19．He was born in ________ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory.
答案the句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。
20．Mary can play ________ violin well, but she can't play ________ piano.
答案the; the句意：玛丽小提琴能拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。表示乐器的名词与play连用时，名词前应用定冠词the。
21．Our library is in ________ center of our school.
答案the句意：我们的图书馆在校园的中心位置。在表示方位、位置的名词前用定冠词the。
22．________ poor are against the plan, but ________ rich are for it.
答案The; the句意：穷人反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物。
23．When the phone rang, ________ Whites were watching TV.
答案the句意：当电话铃响的时候，怀特一家人/夫妇正在看电视。定冠词the用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
24．This morning I had ________ big breakfast, so I'm not having anything for lunch.
答案a三餐名词前面不用冠词，但是如果在三餐名词前面加上了适当的描述性修饰词语，则前面需要加冠词。
25．You'd better go abroad by ________ plane so as to get there earlier.
答案/表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。
26．We have no classes on ________ Sunday, so we often go to play ________ football.
答案/; /句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。在表示星期、球类、三餐、学科、语言、季节等词前通常不用冠词。
27．They are paid by ________ month.
答案the句意：他们按月计酬。定冠词the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如：by the hour/week/month/year/ dozen/kilo等。
28．He couldn't remember when he first listened to Tom's speech, but he was sure it was ________ Monday because everybody was at work.
答案a句意：他不记得第一次听汤姆的演讲是在什么时候了，只能确定是在某个星期一，因为大家都在上班。某一个星期几表泛指，其前加不定冠词a。
29．________ harder you work, ________ greater progress you will make.
答案The; the句意：你越努力，取得的进步就会越大。“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”意为“越……就越……”。
30．________ moon travels around ________ earth.
答案The; the句意：月亮围着地球转。表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
（2、8、9、10、11、12、15）
1．I grew up on a farm in Idaho, but I did not want to become farmer.
________________________________________________________
答案become后加a farmer为可数名词。可数名词的单数形式前必须要有冠词、指示代词或形容词性物主代词来修饰。根据句意，此处是指“我不想成为一名农民”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。
2．All the students in our class made a progress by studying harder this term.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉a progress为不可数名词，前面不用冠词。make progress意为“取得进步”。
3．It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
________________________________________________________
答案1990s前加the在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词the。
4．The building was set up in a September of 1990.
________________________________________________________
答案a→the此处特指1990年的9月，故应用定冠词the。
5．The sports meeting was great success.
________________________________________________________
答案great前加a当success表示“成功的人或事”时，经常与不定冠词连用。
6．She was waiting for him for a hour in the rain.
________________________________________________________
答案a→an hour的始发音为元音音素，故用an。
7．In my opinion, you'd better go to the restaurant where you had a lunch and look for your lost wallet.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉a表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词。
8．This is a most interesting film that I have ever seen.
________________________________________________________
答案a→the“the＋most＋多音节形容词(＋名词)”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。而“a most＋形容词＋名词”或“most＋形容词”结构中，most不表示最高级含义，为“很，非常”的意思。
9．I had wonderful supper yesterday.
________________________________________________________
答案had后加a当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需要加冠词。
10．Apple is sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉第一个the the常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
11．After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson the ride to the airport.
________________________________________________________
答案第一个the→a give sb. a ride为固定搭配，意为“载某人一程，让某人搭便车”。
12．One way to understand thousands of words is to gain the good knowledge of basic word formation.
________________________________________________________
答案the→a gain/have a good knowledge of...为固定搭配，意为“精通……”。
13．The classroom is on fourth floor.
________________________________________________________
答案fourth前加the序数词前加定冠词the表示“第几”。
14．He is an only one who has worked out the problem.
________________________________________________________
答案an→the the only修饰名词或代词意为“唯一的……”。
15．After years of hard work, he has turned a skilled worker. （陷阱题）
________________________________________________________
答案去掉a或turned→become turn worker＝become a worker，意为“成为一名工人”。
不定冠词和定冠词
一、不定冠词的用法
1．泛指某个或某类人或物。
I was born in a small village in Shandong Province.
A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well.
2．当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。
The party held last weekend was a great success.
3．表示“一”或“每一”概念。
I go back home once a month.
Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour.
4．表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫……的人/物”。
A Smith called you just now.
5．不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。
Hiking is (a most interesting) outdoor activity.
该句，重点在于体现“登山是一项户外运动”, a most interesting 整体理解为adj. 不存在比较的含义。
6．不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。
They have a second house in the country.
7．knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接of...时，前面用不定冠词。
He has a good knowledge of English.
Media help us to have a better understanding of the world.
8．独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。
a full moon一轮满月 a brand-new world一个崭新的世界
9．表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。
I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.
二、定冠词的用法
1．特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。
What a pity that you couldn't be there to receive the prize!
2．用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。
Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.
3．用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
I paid a visit to the Turners last week.
4．用在方位名词、乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。
the east东部play the piano弹钢琴
the universe宇宙the moon月亮
5．用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only，very(恰好是)，same前。
It's the first time that I have been to China.
Which story is the more interesting of the two?
We were the only people there.
6．用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”中。
take sb. by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊
hit sb. in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子
7．用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall.
8．用在表示世纪、年代的词前。
The book was published in the 1980s.
9．the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/ week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
Workers are usually paid by the hour.
These goods are sold by weight.
定冠词用法口诀
特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；
独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；
普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。
限时25分钟
一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”。
1．[浙江高考]________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in Paris.
答案The; a句意：这个比赛的获胜者的奖品是一个为期两周的在巴黎度假的机会。第一空特指获胜者的奖品，用定冠词the；第二空泛指一个为期两周的假期，用不定冠词a。
2．[全国卷Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.
答案the句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至被最现代的建筑师和工程师所欣赏。根据后面的most modern可知，应为最现代化的，最高级前要用定冠词the。
3．[四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
答案a句意：布赖恩在创作音乐方面很有天赋；他很有可能会成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。不定冠词与人名连用，意为“一个像某某那样的人”，因此填a。
4．[陕西高考]________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
答案The; the句意：一个人越有学问，通常会越谦虚。“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。
5．[广东高考]She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ________ top floor.
答案the句意：她因为错误向我们道歉，并给我们提供了顶层的一个空着的VIP房间。此处top floor指双方都清楚的那家宾馆的顶楼，前面需要用定冠词，表特指。
6．[全国卷Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum—she never suspects.
答案the句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的——她从不怀疑。one...，the other...意为“一个……，另一个……”。
7．[全国卷Ⅱ]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
答案a句意：你可以走出去一会儿，锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。
8．[成都外国语学校月考]They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things ________ same way.
答案the句意：他们可能想过要伤害你，或者他们并没有用同样的方式看待事情。当名词前面有形容词same 修饰时，前面必须加定冠词the。
9．[江西南昌一模]What if your first choice is wrong? If so, just give yourself ________ second chance.
答案a句意：如果你的第一次选择是错误的怎么办？如果是这样，要再给自己一次机会。根据句意可知，此处指犯错误后的“又一次，再一次”机会。序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再一，又一”，所以填不定冠词a。
10．[山东潍坊期末]A government study has found that South Korean children are ________ least happy compared to children in 29 other developed countries.
答案the句意：一项政府研究发现，与其他29个发达国家的儿童相比，韩国儿童是最不快乐的。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
11．[甘肃西北师大附中月考]I am ________ reporter from the Ne w York Times.
答案a句意：我是来自《纽约时报》的一名记者。泛指一名记者，用不定冠词。
12．[大连六校联考]I consider myself very lucky because I was ________ only one of my friends who had their dads around.
答案the only前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的”。
13．[广州模拟]It was ________ great shock to the girl when word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti.
答案a shock意为“震惊；打击”，此处被形容词great修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，所以用不定冠词。
14．[浙江高考]The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into the night.
答案a该空填a相当于every/one。
15．[绵阳二诊]________ Mr. Li is now waiting for you on the first floor.
答案A'不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指，意为“有个；某一”。
16．[徐州模拟]Andrew: Was ________ movie as good as you expected?
Linda: It was really a waste of time and money. I should have stayed at home.
答案the此处表示谈话双方均知道的电影，故用定冠词the。
17．[江西红色七校一联]As he approached the bridge, the sound got louder and then he saw ________ pitiful sight.
答案a句意：他快到那座桥时，声音变得更大了。然后他看到了一片凄惨的景象。设空处后的名词sight作“景象，情景”讲时，为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。
18．[青岛一检]The Spring Festival is a special holiday for most Chinese when ________ whole family will get together.
答案the句意：对大多数中国人来说，春节是一个特殊的节日，此时全家人会欢聚一堂。“the whole＋单数名词”表示某个类属的所有成员，the whole family表示“全家人”。
19．[济南模拟]Nowadays ________ certain limit should be set on the use of cars to reduce air pollution.
答案a空格后的certain意为“某种”，通常与不定冠词连用。
20．[厦门模拟]Rosy came in for ________ coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night.
答案a句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee为不可数名词，但是当表示“点单”时，可以用a coffee，two coffees代替a cup of coffee, two cups of coffee，故此处用不定冠词。
21．[陕西模拟]Lily: When do you usually work?
Black: Well, on most days I work until 5 p．m., but on Fridays I can leave ________ hour earlier.
答案an此处不定冠词表示数量，an hour相当于one hour; hour的发音是以元音音素开头的，因此其前用不定冠词an。
22．[安徽芜湖、马鞍山质检]Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us ________ same advantage as making new friends in the real world.
答案the句意：最严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same...as...意为：与/和……一样的……。
23．[潍坊一模]It is reported that the recently discovered painting may be ________ Van Gogh.
答案 a 句意：据报道，最近发现的画可能是一幅梵·高的作品。“a/an＋作家或画家的姓氏/名单数”表示其作品，此处a Van Gogh表示“一幅梵·高的画”，故用a。
24．[南昌一模]If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be ________ must for you to make the most of your time.
答案a'表示“一件你必须要做的事”，因此must前加a。
25．[安阳质检]Being able to afford the rent for a house of his own gave him ________ comfort in those tough times.
答案a句意：能租得起一个属于他自己的房子，这在那些艰难时期给了他安慰。空格后的comfort为抽象名词具体化，此处泛指一件令人感到安慰的事，故用不定冠词a。
26．[宝鸡二检]I'm interested in science and determined to become ________ Einstein in China.
答案an后一个分句表示决心成为一个中国的爱因斯坦，且Einstein的始发音为元音，因此用不定冠词an。
27．[浙江高考]Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
答案a; the句意：多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁下来了。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定短语，意为“挡路，妨碍”。
28．[漳州模拟]Mary took advantage of the opportunity and tried to make ________ good impression on her new
boss.
答案a句意：玛丽抓住这个机会，努力给新老板留下好印象。make a good impression on sb.意为“给某人留下好印象”，为固定短语。
29．[浙江高考]People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
答案a; an句意：人们在很小的时候就养成了对某种特定的学习风格的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。第一空是考查短语develop a preference for...，意为“养成对……的偏好”；第二空是固定搭配at an early age，意为“在很小的时候”。故均填不定冠词。
30．[重庆高考]Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
答案the句意：萨姆已被任命为工程部的经理来接替乔治。take the place of sb.是固定搭配，意为“取代某人”。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．[四川高考]I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
________________________________________________________
答案kitchen前加the句意：我告诉妈妈待在客厅，我在厨房里做饭。此处表示双方都知道的厨房。
2．[龙岩质检]She removed the hat she was wearing and tried on the black silk one.
________________________________________________________
答案第二个the→a句意：她摘下了正戴着的帽子，试戴了一顶黑色丝质的帽子。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指。
3．[全国卷Ⅰ]My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.
________________________________________________________
答案the→a句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。in a short period of time“在短时间内”，为固定短语。
4．[全国卷Ⅱ]But in that case, we will learn little about world.
________________________________________________________
答案world前加the句意：但是，在那种情况下，我们对世界的认识就会很少。world前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。
5．[全国卷Ⅲ]At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉the句意：起初，我认为自己知道一切，并且能够独自做决定。at first“起初，一开始”，为固定短语。
6．[全国卷Ⅰ]As result, the plants are growing everywhere.
________________________________________________________
答案As后加a句意：结果，这些植物长得到处都是。as a result为固定短语，意为“结果，因此”。
7．[浙江高考]A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket and became quite upset...The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
________________________________________________________
答案a→the最后一句句意：找到票的那个人为自己的成功露出了高兴的微笑。此处使用定冠词the特指前面提及的那张票。
8．[辽宁高考]Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.
________________________________________________________
答案第一个a→an句意：此外，克利奥习惯于每天平均吠叫六个小时。名词average的始发音为元音音素，所以用an修饰。an average of...“……的平均数”。
9．[四川高考]Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off...Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.
________________________________________________________
答案第二个a→the最后一句句意：很快，消防战士们就会过来将火扑灭。根据前文中的a fire alarm可知，此处指大家都已经知道的那场火灾，用the表示特指。
10．[天津联考]If we expect the much cleaner world, we should attract the world's attention to protect the world.
________________________________________________________
答案第一个the→a此处表示泛指，意为“一个更清洁的世界”，故用不定冠词a。
11．[广州模拟]It's really a fun to walk along with a full moon hanging in the sky.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉第一个a fun为不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。
12．[宝鸡二检]It is said that the wool produced in Australia is of a high quality.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉a句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“be of＋抽象名词”为固定结构，名词前不用冠词。
13．[郑州预测]A hero as he is, he is still modest.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉A，hero中的h大写句意：尽管他是个英雄，但是他仍然很谦虚。as引起的倒装结构中，如果名词位于句首，单数名词前不用冠词。
14．[重庆模拟]When stealing, the thief was caught by him arm by a policeman.
________________________________________________________
答案him→the在“动词(take/catch/pat/hit...)＋sb.＋介词(by/in/on)＋the＋名词(身体某一部位)”结构中，名词前要用定冠词the，而不用代词。
15．[天津调研]His father is so talented that he is a teacher and a poet.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉第二个a句意：他的父亲如此多才多艺，既是位老师又是位诗人。如果两个名词共有一个不定冠词，那么这两个名词指同一个人或物。
零冠词及冠词的某些固定用法
一、零冠词
1．物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、不可数名词、国名、人名前通常不用冠词。
By getting close to nature, you can really get refreshed.
2．不可数名词、复数名词表泛指或类指时。
It isn't worthwhile spending so much time on minor problems.
Bicycles are still a popular means of transport in China.
3．名词前已有限定词时。
His car is much more expensive than mine.
4．表示三餐、球类、棋类、学科、季节、年、月、星期等的名词前。
He has milk and bread for breakfast every day.
Of all the subjects, I like physics best.
Autumn is a harvest season.
5．独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。
Mr. Smith was elected president of our school.
6．as/though引导的倒装结构中，如果名词放于句首，习惯上使用零冠词单数名词。Boy as/though he is, Justine has traveled to quite a few countries.
7．系动词turn后作表语的可数名词单数前。
Tom has turned (＝become a) professional player.
8．表示交通方式的“by＋名词”中的名词前。
He goes to work every day by taxi.
零冠词用法口诀
代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数。
学科交通三餐饭，季节星期月份前。
棋类球类阶级前，称呼习语和头衔。
as/though倒装较特殊，零冠词用法要记全。
二、含有冠词的某些固定短语
all of a sudden 突然
give sb. a ride 让某人搭便车
for a while 一会儿
at an early age 在很小的时候
as a result 结果
take the place of sb. 代替某人
in the way 挡路；妨碍
make the most/best of充分利用
by the way顺便说一下
on the whole总的来说
on the spot在现场
at first 起初，一开始
at present目前
on purpose故意
in advance提前
考点二代词和介词
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.
答案it句意：抬起腿，让它在空中待一会儿。let的宾语指的是上文提到的your leg，故填it。
2．They intend to sell their house to move to a smaller ________.
答案one句意：他们打算卖掉房子，搬到一个小点儿的住处。one指代上文提到的house，表同类异物，且表泛指。
3．One of the most important questions they had to consider was ________ of public health.
答案that that通常指代表示特指的名词，通常后面有后置定语，在这里相当于the question，指公众健康问题。
4．Treat ________ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.
答案yourself treat oneself to sth.“用某物款待自己”。
5．Many farmers prefer to work in Guangdong Province because they think salaries are higher there than ________ in other places.
答案those句意：许多农民工更喜欢在广东省打工，因为他们认为那里的工资比其他地方都要高。此处的those 指代salaries，用于比较结构，in other places作后置定语。
6．I can meet you next Saturday or Sunday. Would ________ of these days be convenient for you?
答案either句意：我可以下周六或周日去见你。这两天你哪一天方便？either指“两者中的一个”。
7．I went to bookshops and libraries to seek information but found ________.
答案none句意：我去了书店和图书馆查找资料，但什么也没找到。所填词表示全部否定，故用none。
8．A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with ________ (it) choking smog.
答案its句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那儿的雾霾令人窒息。根据句意可知，此处的smog为香港的雾霾，所以需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰。
9．What seems to be a good thing to one person may be a bad thing to ________.
答案another句意：同样一件事对于一个人来说似乎是好事，而对于另外一个人来说可能就是坏事。another 指三个或三个以上中的另外一个，符合题意。
10．I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案it I'd appreciate it if/when...属于固定句式，表示“假如/当……我将不胜感激”，故应填it在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的宾语从句。
11．In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________，knives and forks.
答案others句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃东西，而在另外一些国家，用的是刀叉。此处与some相呼应，
构成“some...others...”，意为“一些……另外一些……”，others是泛指，表示的是复数含义。
12．The windows and the tables were shaking as if there was an earthquake or ________ similar.
答案something句意：窗户和桌子都在晃，好像有地震或诸如此类的什么事情发生似的。or something similar“诸如此类的什么”，符合句意。
13．My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of ________ (I)．答案me句意：我的双脚刚刚接触到沙子底部，这时那两个人就跳了下来，我左右两侧各有一个人。介词后需用代词宾格形式，故答案为me。
14．Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and ________ before you leave.
答案everything句意：在你离开之前，请务必带好护照、机票等所有东西。此处everything＝everything that you need。
15．She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
答案neither句意：她曾经在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是她哪个也不喜欢，就搬到了剑桥。由句意可知，她对这两座城市都不喜欢，故用否定代词neither，表示“两者都不”。
16．________ is clear that our school is the best in the city.
答案It句意：很明显，我们学校是全市最好的学校。it作形式主语，指代后面that引导的从句。
17．On weekends I like to get my mind off my work ________ reading good books.
答案by句意：在周末，我喜欢通过读好书让我从工作中放松下来。by表示方式或手段。
18．The decision was made ________ the wishes of the party leader.
答案against句意：这个决定违背了该党领导人的意愿。against one's wishes“违背某人的意愿”。
19．Studying abroad is quickly becoming the key ________ success in our global economy.
答案to句意：出国留学正迅速地成为我们全球化经济中取得成功的关键。the key to...“……的关键”。
20．The ceilings of the Forbidden City are covered ________ detailed, carved designs.
答案with句意：故宫的天花板上覆盖着精致的雕刻图案。be covered with“被……覆盖”。
21．Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities ________ classes to refresh students.
答案between句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开展了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。between用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用between。
22．She taught English literature at my old high school and we've kept ________ touch through letters over the years.
答案in句意：她在我的高中母校教英国文学，这些年我们一直通过书信保持联系。keep in touch“保持联系”。
23．To be a good story writer, one needs, ________ other things, a very vivid imagination.
答案among 句意：一个人要想成为一名好的小说作家，在众多因素中，首先要具有形象生动的想象力。among 意为“在……当中”，指三者以上，故为正确答案。
24．________ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
答案Of句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，意为“在……之中”。
25．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. ________ short, he's reliable.
答案In句意：那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他是值得信赖的。in short“简言之”。
26．The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
答案with句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with意为“有，具有”。
27．The driver managed to escape ________ the vehicle and gave a warning—please bypass the accident car.
答案from句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告——事故车辆，请绕行。escape from“从……逃出”。
28．The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
答案for 句意：史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。根据固定搭配praise sb. for sth.可知答案为for。因句中的“are praised...”，学生很容易理解为“被……表扬”而误用by。
29．Although the price has gone up by 5%, it's still ________ the limit set by the government.
答案within 句意：虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within“在……之内”，符合句意。
30．A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.
答案without句意：没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的。without“没有”。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．Sad and angry, Peter started aiming the stones into the lake, trying to calm oneself down.
________________________________________________________
答案oneself→himself oneself表示泛指“某人自己”，根据句意是彼得自己想让自己冷静下来，故应改用himself。
2．Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over one made of natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk.
________________________________________________________
答案one→that one指代可数名词单数，表泛指，而that既可指代可数名词单数又可指代不可数名词，表特指。此处指代的clothing为不可数名词，且有定语修饰，为特指，故应用that。
3．There are shops on all sides of the street.
________________________________________________________
答案all→both all表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，both表示“(两者)都”。在道路两侧应用both。
4．I would appreciate you if you come to my grandma's birthday party and say “Hello” to her.
________________________________________________________
答案第一个you→it动词appreciate不能直接接从句，需要借助于代词it，然后再接从句。
5．In the villages, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay. All but the aged and the women stay at home.
________________________________________________________
答案All→None句意：在村庄里，很多男人都去城市寻找挣钱更多的工作。只有老年人和妇女待在家里。none 表示全部否定，意为“没有”，既可指人又可指物。none but...“除了……以外没有……”。
6．We must find ways to protect your environment.
________________________________________________________
答案your→our/the句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。根据句子结构及语意可知，这里指保护“我们的”环境，与we相对应，故应用our。也可填定冠词the，特指我们生活的大环境。
7．Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
________________________________________________________
答案them→it句意：靠近学校的地方有一个绿树成荫的美丽的公园。由于此处指公园周围有许多树，应用it 指代前面的公园。
8．Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
________________________________________________________
答案on→in句意：托尼看见了橱窗中摆设的玩具。玩具应该是在橱窗里面，故应用in。
9．Please help with me and give me some advice.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉with句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。help为及物动词，故去掉with。
10．I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
________________________________________________________
答案anything→something句意：我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用something。
11．We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
________________________________________________________
答案第二个in→on表示具体的某一天用介词on。
12．Shanghai is on the east of China.
________________________________________________________
答案on→in in表示在某范围之内；on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。
13．I arrived at New York in July.
________________________________________________________
答案at→in at用来表示到达较小的地方，而in用来表示到达较大的地方。
14．He made quite clear that he wouldn't change his mind.
________________________________________________________
答案made后加it make it clear that...为固定句型，意为“表明……”，其中it作形式宾语，指代后面that引导的从句。
15．The new railway, due to be completed at the end of 2020, is still on construction.
________________________________________________________
答案on→under句意：预计在2020年底竣工的新铁路仍在建设中。“介词＋名词”表示动作正在进行。under construction为固定搭配，意为“在建设中”。
代词
一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。
1．it, one, that
The weather here is much better than that in Beijing.
My pen is broken. I must buy one.
2．both, all, either, any, neither, none, no one
My sister likes both English and Chinese.
You can take either of the pictures, whichever you like. Neither of us could understand German.
All are happy to know the news.
We had three cats once but none (of them) is alive now. 3．another, other, the other, the others, others
She has two sisters. One is Mary and the other is Joan. Why are only three of you here? Where are the others? Don't cut in when others speak.
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．[天津高考]I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn't been wearing ________，I would have been injured.
答案one句意：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我可能已经受伤了。one指代上文提到的seatbelt，泛指同类异物。
2．[福州十三中期中]All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________.
答案it句意：他们都抱怨那块大石头，但都不去将它搬开。根据句意可知，此处指前面提及的那块大石头，故用it。
3．[浙江高考]In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.
答案that句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system，后面有in the UK修饰，所以用that。
4．[福州十三中期中]Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town.
答案something句意：城里曾经有个想为市民做些事情的富翁。结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填something。
5．[福州十三中期中]Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. ________ man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another.
答案Another句意：然而，他艰难地绕过石头继续前行。另一个人过来了，同样如此。然后，另一个，又另一个，都是这样。根据前后句意可知，指在前面那个人之后的又一个人，即另一个人，故填another。
6．[四川高考]By that time, the panda no longer needed ________ (it) mother for food.
答案its句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。
此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。
7．[山东师大附中检测]She must be shy. You may be shy ________ (you)．
答案yourself句意：她一定很害羞，你自己可能也会害羞。反身代词在句中起强调作用。
8．[江西九江高三一模]We valued every chance we have to keep ________ (we) both on the right track.
答案us句意：我们珍惜每一次我们两人能够在正轨上的机会。空格处作动词keep的宾语，指人，所以用人称代词宾格。
9．[四川高考]Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.
答案none句意：妮基总是充满想法，但是，据我所知，没有一个是有用的。此句中代替物、表示否定且有范围，故应用none。
10．[重庆高考]The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.
答案nobody句意：会议将在九月举行，但是没有人知道确切的日期。根据句中的转折词but可知，后面的句子应为否定含义，所以用nobody。
11．[湖南衡阳八中二模]________ changed colour, one white, the other red.
答案Both句意：两人的脸色都变了，一人的脸白了，另一人的脸红了。根据后面的“one white, the other red”可知，此处指两人，应填both。
12．[山东肥城二中月考]At the end of the five minutes, no one could find ________ (they) own balloon.
答案their句意：在五分钟结束时，没有人能够找到自己的气球。与起强调作用的own一起作名词balloon 的定语，one's own“某人自己的”。
13．[广西南宁检测]Dasiree's paintings catch your eyes immediately, and then your eyes lock on ________.
答案them句意：德西里的画立刻吸引了你们的视线，然后你们的视线就锁定在这些画上。介词on的宾语指的是前面提到的paintings，故用them代替。
14．[江西南昌高三联考]Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, ________ calling for our great concern.
答案something句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个现象，需要我们极大的关注。从句子结构分析可以看出，空格后面的内容对phenomenon进行了解释说明，故用something作phenomenon的同位语。
15．[河南开封二模]Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help ________ (they) realize these choices.
答案themselves句意：只有人类可以选择生活的地方和生活的方式，然后提高客观环境来帮助自己实现这些选择。本空所填词作help的宾语，而help的主语是they，主语与宾语互指，故宾语用反身代词。
16．[陕西高考]To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________.
答案other句意：为了让自己暖和，那位水手坐在火堆前面，用一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。表示两者之间的“一个……另一个……”要用one...the other...。
17．[山东东营一模]________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
答案It句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，有比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。
18．[浙江高考]How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
答案it句意：如果你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时，有人进来，并且未经允许就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？it 在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。“动词＋it＋when/if＋从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，常见的动词有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate等。
19．[四川资阳一诊]________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.
答案It句意：直到两天前父亲才允许我驾车上高速公路。“It is/was not until...that...”为“not...until...”句型的强调句形式。
20．[全国卷Ⅲ]Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _________ their hands.
答案with句意：筷子并非被亚洲的每个地方(的人们)使用。例如，在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用……”，符合句意。
21．[四川高考]The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.
答案for句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for＋一段时间”作时间状语，表示持续了一段时间。
22．[全国卷Ⅱ]Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
答案on句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on意为“集中于……”。
23．[广西高考]September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.
答案by句意：九月三十日之前你必须缴付账单。该介词与关系代词which一起引导定语从句，which指代the day；再根据“到……为止”可知用by。
24．[广东高考]．..and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservation.
答案for句意：……我的信用卡已经为这次预订付钱了。charge...for...“因……向……收费”，是固定搭配。
25．[全国卷Ⅰ]Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
答案by句意：然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车只需要一个小时的路程并能欣赏到所有知名城市的风景。乘坐交通工具常用“by＋单数可数名词”，名词前不加冠词，by car“坐小汽车，乘汽车”。
26．[全国卷Ⅱ]When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
答案at句意：天亮时，墙壁已放热，并且现在足够冷使房子在热天时凉爽；同时，夜晚它们又暖和起来。at the same time“与此同时”，为固定短语。
27．[天津高考]Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject.
答案to句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露，发泄”，符合句意。
28．[安徽高考]Terry, please look up ________ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
答案from 句意：特里，奶奶和你说话时请不要低头玩手机。look up from“从……抬起头看”。
29．[江西高考]It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.
答案despite句意：真是难以置信，卢卡斯先生尽管很有钱可还是过着简朴的生活。despite“尽管”，符合句意。
30．[北京高考]Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.
答案in 句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后发车。“in＋一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中，意为“在……之后”。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．[南昌二模]We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found it yet.
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答案it→one句意：我们一直在寻找一个便宜的房子，但是还没有找到。此处one＝a cheap house，泛指任何一个便宜的房子，符合句意。it指上文出现的同一事物。
2．[江苏月考]Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support her.
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答案第二个her→herself句意：詹妮弗相信，当她在经济上自己有能力养活自己时就会搬出去单住。这里强调的是主语本身，作宾语，故用反身代词herself。
3．[全国卷Ⅱ]If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
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答案your→our句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。此处应该使用our，与本句的主语we在人称上保持一致。
4．[全国卷Ⅱ]It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
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答案many→much句意：那样花费不多，而我们仍然可以学到很多。此处代词much指代不可数名词much money，作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常指代可数名词复数。
5．[全国卷Ⅲ]I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think such.
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答案such→so后一句句意：然而，我的父母看起来不那样认为。so作指示代词，可以代替前面句子的内容，而such不能指代前面的内容。
6．[云南月考]We asked both John and Mary about this problem, but none could offer a satisfactory suggestion.
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答案none→neither none指“三者或三者以上都不”，根据句意，此处是指两者都不，故应用neither。
7．[湖南联考]“I always understood，”said Shelton coldly, “that our systems were better than that of other countries.”
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答案第二个that→those句意：“我一直认为，”谢尔顿冷冷地说，“我们的体制比其他国家的要完善。”此处those指代the systems。而that只能指代可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词。
8．[高新月考]As there was no main topic to discuss, the conversation changed from one topic to other.
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答案other→another句意：因为没有一个讨论的主题，所以谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。another泛指三者或三者以上的另外一个，可用作代词和形容词，而other只能用作形容词，作定语。
9．[西安联考]I hate that he always tells a lie.
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答案hate后加it句意：我讨厌他总是撒谎。本题it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。在这类句型中it常常接在动词appreciate, hate, like, depend on等词后面，再接that或when等引导的从句。
10．[西安模拟]Except the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
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答案Except→Besides 句意：除了学校以外，这个村庄还有一个诊所，它也是在政府的支持下建造的。except 表示在整体中除去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内。besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”，即除去的部分也包括在整体之内。
11．[太原月考]John placed a wine cup on the table in his reach.
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答案in→within句意：约翰把酒杯放在桌子上他伸手可以够着的地方。within one's reach“在某人够得着的范围之内”。
12．[龙岩质检]Do you really want to rent such a flat which is empty except some old pieces of furniture?
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答案except后加for句意：你真想租一套除了旧家具之外几乎屋内很空的房子吗？except for意为“除了……外，除去，要不是(由于)”，后面只接名词短语，表示不同类中的除此以外。
13．[辽宁模拟]Nowadays many young people in China suffering from net addiction claim that they can't go with the Internet.
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答案with→without句意：现在在中国，很多有网瘾的年轻人声称，他们没有网络就没办法生活。without“没有”，符合句意。
14．[天津联考]In case difficulty, you can reach me at this number. I'm always at your service.
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答案In case后加of句意：万一遇到困难的时候，你可以打这个号码联系我。我会一直为您服务。表示“万一，如果发生，假设”时，in case of是介词短语，后面要加名词，而in case是连词，后面只能跟从句。
15．[桂林一模]This stranger is familiar to this area.
________________________________________________________
答案to→with句意：这个陌生人对这个地区很熟悉。be familiar to sb.表示“(某物)为某人所熟知”，而be familiar with sth.表示“熟悉、精通某物”。
介词及代词it的特殊用法
一、介词的用法
1．表示时间：表示某一具体时刻前用at；表示在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on；表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月，泛指的上午、下午、晚上用in; after表示“在……之后”；for常与时间段连用，意为“多长时间”。
2．表示地点、方位：at一般指在较小的地方；in一般指在较大的地方，或在某范围之内；on指在物体的表面，或相邻接壤；to表示不接壤；beside/by表示“在……的旁边”；between和among，前者表示“在两者之间”，后者表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。
3．其他介词
(1)表示交通方式的by, in, on
“by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in，on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。
He goes to work by car every day.
He goes to work in his car every day.
(2)表示“用……”的by, in, with
by侧重方式、方法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。
He earned his living by selling newspapers.
Please write the answer in ink.
They are digging with spades.
二、代词it的特殊用法
1．指代时间、距离、天气等
It is just five o'clock now.
After September 23, it is getting dark earlier.
In mountainous areas, it is usually cooler in summer.
2．性别或身份不明或被认为不重要的人或物
—Who is knocking at the door?
—It is the milkman.
3．作形式主语或形式宾语
It is said that he has gone abroad to receive further study.
I find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms.
4．用于强调结构
it没有具体意义，可强调除谓语动词外的成分。其基本句型为：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that(被强调的部分是人或物)/who(被强调的部分是人)＋其他。
It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night.
It was your father that/whom I met in the street yesterday.
考点三形容词和副词
限时25分钟
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．To everyone's surprise, the girl who no one thinks will succeed has set a(n) ________ (ambition) goal to be admitted to Cornell University.
答案ambitious 句意：让每个人都感到吃惊的是，没有人认为会成功的女孩竟然设定了一个雄心勃勃的目标，要考上康奈尔大学。ambitious“有雄心的，有雄心壮志的”。根据句意可知，应填ambitious。
2．She said she had never gone abroad, but ________ (actual) she had ever been to three countries at least.
答案actually 句意：她说她从未出过国，但实际上她至少去过三个国家。空格处前后表达的是相反的含义，空格后介绍的是真实情况，故用actually。
3．The message is very clear—if you lose weight, you will have a happier, ________ (healthy) and better life.
答案healthier句意：意思很明显——如果你减肥，你将会有一个更幸福、更健康和更美好的生活。根据空格前后都用的是形容词比较级的形式可知，此空填healthier。
4．A sacred feeling ________ (sudden) arises which attracts me to know more about this country.
答案suddenly句意：我突然产生一种神圣的感觉。这种感觉吸引着我去了解关于这个国家的更多的东西。修饰动词arises应用副词形式。suddenly“突然”。
5．Alex, who speaks English ________ (fluent), says that fluency develops gradually over time and through lots of practice.
答案fluently句意：亚历克斯能讲流利的英语，他说能流利地说英语是通过时间和大量练习逐渐提高的。这里用副词修饰动词speaks。
6．After the long journey, the three of them went back home, tired but ________ (please)．
答案pleased在本句中形容词作伴随状语，表明他们三人累并快乐着。
7．—How was your job interview?
—Oh, I couldn't feel ________ (bad). I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.
答案worse 根据答语的第二句可推知，回答者感觉再糟糕不过了，所以答案为worse。
8．The more you practice using English, the ________ (good) you'll learn it.
答案better句意：你英语练习得越多，就会学得越好。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”。
9．Our notes are much ________ (thin) than the books so we can learn them more easily and can often review them.
答案thinner句意：我们的笔记和书相比薄多了，所以学习起来相对比较容易，而且我们可以经常温习笔记。由空格后的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级，much修饰比较级。thin的比较级形式需要双写字母n再加-er。
10．Don't always try to start something when everything is running ________ (smooth)．
答案smoothly 句意：当一切都进行得顺利时，不要总想惹是生非。smoothly“顺利地”，符合句意。
11．It is reported that global warming is heating the planet twice as quickly as ________ (previous) feared.
答案previously句意：据报道，全球变暖正以两倍于先前所担心的速度加热着地球。previously“早先，以前”，相当于before“以前”，符合句意。
12．If you decide to do your own make-up, here are a few ________ (value) tips that will help you look your best.
答案valuable句意：如果你决定自己化妆，这里有一些有用的小窍门，可以帮助你呈现最美的一面。valuable“有用的；有价值的”，修饰tips。
13．It was one of the largest and ________ (fine) ships at that time.
答案finest句意：它是当时最大最好的船只之一。由句意及and前面的largest一词可知此处也应填形容词的最高级形式。
14．Whenever it is convenient to you, you can come to my house. I will teach you to make clothes ________ (person)．答案personally句意：当你方便的时候，你可以来我家，我亲自教你做衣服。personally“亲自”，符合句意。
15．The advertising world is very ________ (compete) and when I look back, I cannot imagine how I survived in it.
答案competitive句意：广告业是非常具有竞争性的。当我回顾的时候，我无法想象我是如何在这个行业中生存的。competitive“竞争的”，在句中作表语。
16．Seeing a dog suddenly appearing on the road, the driver turned the steering wheel ________ (sharp) to avoid hitting it.
答案sharply句意：看到一条狗突然出现在路上，司机迅速转动方向盘，以免撞上它。此处用副词sharply，表示“迅速地，突然地”。
17．Alex has been in China for quite a few years. ________ (consequent), he speaks fluent Chinese.
答案Consequently句意：亚历克斯已经在中国待了好多年了，因此，他说一口流利的汉语。consequently“因此，所以”，符合句意。
18．During my childhood many years ago, a hero was pictured in my mind as the ________ (power), well-built man.
答案powerful句意：在很多年前的童年时期，我脑海中的英雄形象是强壮结实的人。powerful“强壮的”，符合句意。
19．Our hope is to build connections among people of all races, because it is the diversity that ________ (true) makes our country stronger.
答案truly句意：我们的希望是在所有种族的人们之间建立联系，因为正是这种多样性真正地让我们的国家更强大。truly“真正地”，修饰动词makes。
20．His political views are rather ________ (extremely), so few people want to support him.
答案extreme 句意：他的政治观点相当极端，所以几乎没有人想支持他。extreme“极端的”，在句中作表语。
21．Jane is regarded as a role model in her class because she is a ________ (determine) person.
答案determined 句意：简被认为是班里的榜样，因为她是一个意志坚定的人。determined“意志坚定的”，符合句意。
22．The Forbidden City attracts a ______ (constantly) stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.
答案constant不定冠词a与名词中间应该填写形容词，因此填constant。
23．Don't defend him any more. It's obvious that he ________ (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
答案deliberately此处考查副词修饰动词的基本用法。空格后destroyed为动词，所以填副词。
24．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ (equal) respected.
答案equally句意：任何人，无论他是官员还是公交司机，都应被平等地尊重。equally“平等地”，符合句意。
25．Australia is the ________ (large) island country in the world, which is in the south of the earth.
答案largest句意：澳大利亚是世界上最大的岛国，位于地球的南部。根据句意可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。
26．Sometimes success doesn't only depend on what you do; what you don't do is ________ (equal) important.
答案equally句意：有时成功不只取决于你做的事情；你没有做的事情也同样重要。equally“同样地”，修饰后面的形容词。
27．She worked so hard that ________ (eventual) she suffered from a serious headache.
答案eventually 句意：她工作这么卖力以至于最终得了严重的头痛病。eventually“最终”，相当于finally。
28．I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are ________ (much) meaningful things to do.
答案more根据句意可以判断，后一个分句表示与看电视相比，有更有意义的事情可做。故填more，构成比较级。
29．The manager has a strong preference for a job interview, for it evaluates a candidate more ________ (thorough)．答案thoroughly 句意：经理对面试工作有强烈的偏好，因为这能够更全面地评估一个应试者。thoroughly“彻底地，全面地”，符合句意。
30．We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us, which made us even more ________ (frighten)．
答案frightened句意：我们可以很清楚地看到在前方出现了一道奇异的光芒，使得我们更加害怕。由句意可知此处应填形容词frightened。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．After an hour or so I began to feel very frightening of this movie.
________________________________________________________
答案frightening→frightened frightening“令人害怕的”，一般用于修饰事物；frightened“害怕的”，多用于修饰人或与人有关的名词，如：look, expression, voice等。
2．As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉more much用于修饰比较级，表示程度，而more用于构成比较级。此处longer本身已是比较级的形式，所以不需要加more。
3．I'm sure that we'll have a wonderfully time together on our trip to Qingdao.
________________________________________________________
答案wonderfully→wonderful此处修饰名词time应用形容词。
4．I used to watch TV a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football to build up my body.
________________________________________________________
答案interesting→interested be interested in... “对……感兴趣”，为固定搭配。
5．For instance, one night Jim played strong and loudly music till four o'clock in the morning.
________________________________________________________
答案loudly→loud此处修饰名词music应用形容词。loud music“重音乐，喧闹的音乐”。
6．However, we rarely felt lonely or helplessly because of each other's company.
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答案helplessly→helpless feel为系动词，后面只能用形容词或名词作表语，而不能用副词。lonely为形容词，“孤独的”。helplessly为副词形式，因此应使用其形容词形式helpless，意为“无助的”。
7．David sings better than me, but he doesn't sing as good as my brother.
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答案good→well句意：戴维唱歌比我好，但他不如我兄弟唱得好。此处修饰动词sing，因此应用good的副词well来修饰。
8．We decided to stay at home instead of climbing the mountains because it was raining hardly.
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答案hardly→hard/heavily hardly为否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。此处指雨下得大，因此应用副词hard/heavily 来表示。
9．He is a hard-working boy and often comes to class early and leaves lately.
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答案lately→late lately为副词，意思是“最近，近来”。late也可用作副词，意思是“晚”。根据句意，应该用late。
10．More important, it reminds them that you're thinking of them.
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答案important→importantly more importantly“更重要的是”，作整个句子的状语，因此必须用副词。
11．Chopsticks may be made of any of the follow materials: bamboo, wood, gold, silver, ivory, or plastic.
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答案follow→following follow为动词，意思是“跟随，遵循”；following为形容词，意思是“下面的，接着的”。the following materials“下面的材料”。
12．The donkey realized what was happening and cried pitiful.
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答案pitiful→pitifully此处修饰动词cried应用副词pitifully。
13．The more words you know, the more easy you can read.
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答案easy→easily句意：你知道的单词越多，读起来就越容易。修饰动词read，应用easy的副词形式easily。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
14．Your job here is only temporarily, for you will be removed from it when we have a proper post for you.
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答案temporarily→temporary句意：你在这里的工作只是临时的，因为当我们有适合你的岗位时，你就会被调离。在系动词be后，只能用形容词或名词来作表语，因此应使用temporarily的形容词形式temporary，意为“暂时的，临时的”。
15．I am not satisfied with his answer at all. It couldn't have been bad.
________________________________________________________
答案bad→worse句意：我对他的回答一点也不满意。真是糟糕透了。“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此应用bad的比较级形式worse。
形容词和副词(一)
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
句子中，形容词一般用作定语修饰名词，用作表语说明主语的性质、状态等或用作宾语补足语说明宾语的情况。副词一般用作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子等。
但是，也有少数几个形容词，如：tired, hungry, dead等也可作状语，说明主语当时的情况。同时，有的副词，如：here, there等也可作后置定语。
二、“形容词＋ly”构成副词的规则
一般情况下形容词词尾加-ly可以构成副词，但有的形容词以-ly结尾，如：friendly, lively, lovely, manly等。另外，英语中也有一类副词，不是以-ly结尾，而是与形容词同形，这两种同根的副词意义大都不同。
(1)通常与形容词同形的副词表示直接、具体意义，-ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义。常用的这类副词有：
??
?
??high高地
highly高度地??
?
??wide充分张开地
widely广泛地
??
?
??deep深地
deeply深深地??
?
??close近地
closely密切地
An eagle is circling high overhead.
The government thinks highly of his invention.
We were all deeply moved by his story.
(2)也有一些这样的副词意义毫无关联。
hard 努力地；艰苦地hardly 几乎不
late晚；迟lately近来，最近，前不久
most十分，非常，很mostly大部分地；主要地
四、形容词和副词某些特殊用法
1．当形容词修饰不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词，如：something, anything, nothing时，经常位于这些词的后面作后置定语。
I have something important to tell you.
我有件重要的事要告诉你。
2．形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。说明主语所处的状态，并不表示动作的方式。
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。
3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级。
It can't be worse.＝It's the worst thing (I've ever known)．
这是(我知道的)最糟糕的事情。
4．most前如果没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。
This is a most interesting story.
这是一个很有趣的故事。
5．though也可以用作副词，但用作副词时常放在句末。意为“然而，可是”。
She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.
她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。
6．有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。
Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong.
很显然，你的答案绝对错了。
7．can not/never与enough或too连用，意为“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。
You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.
在学习方面，你再细心也不为过。
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．[全国卷Ⅰ]The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
答案officially句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地授予我。此处修饰动词given应用副词形式。
2．[全国卷Ⅱ]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.
答案greater句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，所填词应与less并列，故用比较级greater。
3．[全国卷Ⅱ]Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．答案regularly句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。此处需用副词修饰动词短语take short breaks。
4．[全国卷Ⅲ]Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
答案gradually句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。
5．[四川高考]Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
答案recently句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。空格处在句中作状语，应用副词形式。
6．[四川高考]She was a very ________ (care) mother.
答案caring/careful句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。
7．[浙江高考]That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely)．
答案reliable句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他是可以信赖的。be动词后面要接形容词作表语。
8．[浙江高考]I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years.
答案more句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。
9．[全国卷Ⅰ]A few hours ________，I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.
答案before/earlier句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那里有令人窒息的雾。结合语境应用before或earlier 表示“在……之前”。
10．[全国卷Ⅰ]Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
答案regularly句意：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，它经常为住在上海和香港的人安排到这里的快速通道。此处需用副词修饰动词arranges。
11．[全国卷Ⅱ]Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
答案slowly句意：土坯做的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量，并在凉爽的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量，从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give out，要用副词slowly。
12．[福建高考]It was ________ (considerately) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
答案considerate句意：迈克通知我们他耽搁了以防我们担心，他考虑得真周全。此处需要一个形容词作表语，形容人的特性。
13．[安徽高考]They gave money to the old people's home either ________ (personal) or through their companies.
答案personally句意：他们通过个人或以公司的名义把钱送到老年之家。根据句意及句子结构可知，这里需用副词修饰动词gave。
14．[四川高考]Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
答案amazed句意：小汤姆惊讶地坐在那儿观看猴子在他面前跳舞。此处用amazed说明主语的状态。
15．[浙江联考]My bicycle is not as ________ (rely) as it used to be, for the chain often locks on my way to school.
答案reliable句意：我的自行车不再像以前一样可靠了，因为链条经常在去上学的路上卡住。根据“as...as”结构中应用形容词/副词原级可知，应填reliable。
16．[合肥质检]—Do you like Mary's new hair style?
—Perfect! How much ________ (good) she looks with the curly short hair!
答案better句意：——你喜欢玛丽的新发型吗？——太棒了！她一头卷曲的短发看上去好看多了！much修饰形容词的比较级，并且作look的表语，故填better。
17．[福州质检]With the word “PM2.5” ________ (constant) appearing in media reports, people pay greater attention to it and seek health tips for smoggy days.
答案constantly句意：随着“PM2.5”这个词不断地出现在媒体报道中，人们更关注它，并寻找应对雾霾天气的健康建议。根据结构可知，此处应用副词形式修饰appearing。
18．[陕西质检]My mom didn't wait a moment, but came ________ (immediate) she received my call.
答案immediately句意：我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。immediately可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
19．[黄冈质检]In the bubble (泡沫) years, lending standards slipped ________ (drama), allowing many people to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing.
答案dramatically句意：在泡沫年代，借贷的标准大幅度地下滑，这使很多人将自己的大部分收入用来买房。dramatically“大幅度地”，符合句意。
20．[西安联考]As a matter of fact, they do meet now and then, but not ________ (regular)．
答案regularly句意：事实上，他们确实偶尔会见面，但不经常。regularly意为“经常，有规律地”。
21．[辽宁质检]________ (luck), he was slightly injured in the accident.
答案Luckily此处用副词作状语修饰整个句子。
22．[东城二模]The boy is excited about the coming music festival and he enjoys pop music ________ (much)．答案most句意：这个男孩对即将到来的音乐节非常兴奋，他最喜欢流行音乐。根据句意可知，此处应用副词最高级，因此填most。
23．[沈阳质检]Cakes of this kind usually taste even ________ (good) if they are heated for 5 to 8 seconds in the microwave.
答案better句意：这种蛋糕如果用微波炉加热5到8秒钟，通常尝起来更美味。根据if条件从句可知，此处为隐性的比较语境，故应填better。
24．[西安二模]We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ________ (avail) for Friday's performance.
答案available句意：我们很遗憾地告诉你已经没有周五表演的票了。根据句子结构可知，应填形容词修饰tickets。
25．[武汉调研]Although she brushed the old pot ________ (thorough), she could not make it completely clean, which made her very upset.
答案thoroughly句意：尽管她把古老的瓦罐彻底地刷了一下，她也没能弄得完全干净，这使她很伤心。此处应该用副词形式修饰动词brushed。thoroughly“彻底，完全”。
26．[石家庄模拟]Adam immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears rolled down his face.
答案silent fall silent是固定短语，表示“安静下来”。
27．[邯郸质检]This is the ________ (high) mountain I have ever climbed.
答案highest由定冠词the及定语从句I have ever climbed加以限定范围后可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
28．[河南开封高三二模]Of all living things, human beings are the ________ (clever)．
答案cleverest/most clever句意：在所有的生物中，人类是最聪明的。根据句意及提示词of all和the可知，应用形容词最高级。
29．[湖南衡阳八中二模]Bingley was clearly most interested in Jane Bennet, and started talking particularly to her. Darcy, ________，was just determining not to look at Elizabeth, when he suddenly noticed the stranger.
答案however句意：很明显，宾利对简·班奈特很感兴趣，于是开始特别和她谈话。然而，当达西突然见到伊丽莎白，他却不想看到这个陌生人。根据前后两个句子的意思可知，后一句与前一句表示相反的意思。
30．[湖南衡阳八中二模]He was very good-looking, with a very pleasant, sociable manner, and after the introductions, conversation flowed most ________ (enjoy) in the little group.
答案enjoyably句意：他很好看，彬彬有礼，好交际；介绍了之后，谈话就在小组里非常愉快地进行。从句子结构可知，flow是不及物动词，后面能用副词修饰。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．[全国卷Ⅰ]Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.
________________________________________________________
答案steady→steadily句意：相反，他希望他的生意能够稳步增长。grow“增长”是谓语动词，故用副词修饰。
2．[全国卷Ⅲ]They were also the best and worse years in my life.
________________________________________________________
答案worse→worst句意：它们也是我生命中最好和最坏的那些年。此处用最高级，与前面的the best呼应。
3．[全国卷Ⅲ]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
________________________________________________________
答案freely→free句意：起初，我甚至感到我的父母不能理解我，所以我希望我能够远离他们。be是连系动词，其后要跟形容词作表语。
4．[四川高考]The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.
________________________________________________________
答案favoritest→favorite句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。favorite“最喜欢的”，没有比较级和最高级形式。
5．[四川高考]Mom was grateful and moving.
________________________________________________________
答案moving→moved moving“令人感动的”，moved“感动的”。此处表示妈妈感到非常感动，故应用moved。
6．[全国卷Ⅰ]Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
________________________________________________________
答案seriously→serious句意：大量的研究表明，全球变暖已经成为了一个严重的问题。problem为名词，前面需用形容词修饰。
7．[全国卷Ⅱ]He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
________________________________________________________
答案去掉very句意：他非常喜欢它，于是很快走进了这家商店。在so...that...结构中，so后面的形容词不用very修饰。
8．[全国卷Ⅱ]Dad and I were terrible worried.
________________________________________________________
答案terrible→terribly句意：爸爸和我都很焦虑。worried为形容词，修饰形容词时要用副词。
9．[陕西高考]My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
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答案better→best句意：我妈妈做的是世界上最好的饼干，因此我决定请她帮忙。根据句子中的限定范围in the world可知，需用最高级。
10．[浙江高考]On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
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答案easy→easily句意：在班级的左手边，我能轻易地看到足球场。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词see，需用副词。
11．[南昌二模]A miracle is something that seems possible but happens anyway.
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答案possible→impossible句意：奇迹就是看似不可能发生却发生了的事。impossible“不可能的”，符合句意。
12．[云南月考]Fortunately, these visitors helped me a lot and made my life much easy than before.
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答案easy→easier句意：幸运的是，这些访客帮了我很多，使我的生活比以前更加安逸。根据than before可知，此处表示比较的意味，故用比较级。
13．[浙江抽测]Pleasing with the effect of the colo(u)r change, the woman smiled with satisfaction.
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答案Pleasing→Pleased句意：这位女士对颜色变化的效果感到很满意，她满意地笑了。be pleased with...“对……满意”，为固定短语。
14．[西城期末]What our physics teacher said could never be true. I'm crazy about him.
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答案true→truer句意：我们物理老师所说的内容再正确不过了，我非常喜欢他。“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级。
15．[南通调研]The lawyer presented more and more evidence, and eventual, the criminal had to admit her guilt.
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答案eventual→eventually句意：律师呈递出越来越多的证据，最后，罪犯不得不承认她的罪行。eventually“最后，终于”，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。
形容词和副词(二)
五、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则
1．规则变化
一般在词尾加-er和-est来构成比较级和最高级；以字母e结尾只加-r和-st；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y 变成i，再加-er和-est；其他多音节词，在形容词前加more或most。
2．不规则变化
good→better→best
bad→worse→worst
far→farther→farthest(距离)
→further→furthest(程度)
六、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
1．规则变化：与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则相同。
2．不规则变化
well→better→best
badly→worse→worst much→more→most
little→less→least
七、形容词和副词构成比较等级的几种形式
She looks younger than her younger sister.
The more he studies, the happier he feels.
How beautifully she draws! I have never seen a better picture.
八、通过倍数的修饰来表示比较意义的句式
(1)．..倍数＋as...as...
Your school is three times as big as ours.
(2)．..倍数＋比较级＋than...
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
(3)．..倍数＋the size(height, width, length, etc.) of...
Your school is three times the size of ours.
(4)倍数＋what从句
Our average income is almost five times what we earned five years ago.
考点四名词和主谓一致
限时25分钟
一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．
答案patience 句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地把它们指出来。介词with后应接名词，patience“耐
心”。
2．The US government has taken ________ (measure) to prevent the campus violence from taking place.
答案measures 句意：美国政府已经采取措施阻止校园暴力的发生。take measures“采取措施”，为固定搭配。
3．Does anyone know the title ________ the novel?
答案of句意：有人知道这部小说的书名吗？该句考查of短语构成的名词所有格。
4．Don't try to persuade your boss; he won't have the ________ (intent) of employing me—a fresh student.
答案intention 句意：不要试图说服你的老板，他不会打算聘用我这样一个应届毕业生的。intention“打算，意图”；have the intention of doing sth.“有干某事的打算”。
5．—Do you think I should wear a hat to the party?
—It all depends on your own ________ (prefer)．
答案preference句意：——你认为我应该戴顶帽子去参加聚会吗？——这完全取决于你的个人喜好。preference“偏爱，优先权”，符合句意。
6．In fact, the renovation is just one move in a huge project to improve Chinese teachers' housing ________ (conditional) in recent years.
答案conditions句意：事实上，这项变革只是最近几年提高中国教师住房条件的大项目的一小步。condition 表示“条件，状况”，且根据句意可知，应用名词复数形式conditions。
7．Bob's ________ (sister) birthday is May 1st.
答案sister's句意：鲍勃姐姐的生日是5月1日。根据句意可知，应用所有格形式。
8．One's dream and ________ (ambitious) greatly depend on one's experience.
答案ambition 句意：一个人的梦想和抱负很大程度上取决于他的经历。ambitious形容词“有野心的”。这里应填其名词形式ambition“抱负”，作主语。
9．Simple ________ (direct) for fitting the model together are printed on the box.
答案directions 句意：安装这个模型的简要说明印在了盒子上。由simple可知空格处填名词，且根据后面的are可知，空格处应填名词复数directions。directions“用法说明，操作指南”。
10．Many a teacher ________ (have) been serving students heart and soul.
答案has 句意：许多教师一直在全心全意为学生服务。many a后加单数可数名词，其后谓语动词用单数形式。句子时态为现在完成进行时表示“一直在……”。
11．After that incident she started to devote all her ________ (energetic) to teaching rather than performing.
答案energy 句意：那起事件过后，她开始将所有精力投入到教学中而不是表演。energy“体力，精力”；devote one's energy to...“把精力投入……中”。
12．There are two ________ (woman) doctors in the emergency room.
答案women句意：在急救室里有两位女医生。woman作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。
13．A modern library is being built in our school so that we students will have ________ (accessible) to good books.
答案access 句意：我们学校正在建设一个现代化的图书馆，以便学生能够阅读到好书。access“入口，机会，进入”；have access to固定词组，意为“可接近……；可获得……”，符合句意。故空格处填access。
14．Each man and each woman in the neighbo(u)ring villages ________ (have) a bad opinion of him, but he is spoken better of by the village leaders.
答案has 句意：邻近村庄的每个人都对他印象不好，但是村领导对他的评价颇高。“every...and every...”，“each...and each...”等结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；且根据后面的is可知，应用一般现在时。故空格处应填has。
15．Studies show that 75 percent of women ________ (consider) themselves overweight.
答案consider 句意：研究表明75%的女性认为自己超重。分数或百分数充当主语的时候，其谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其代替的相应名词的单复数来确定。此处的名词是women，故应在空格处填consider。
16．The fire was finally brought under control, but not before heavy ________ (lose) had been caused.
答案loss 句意：大火终于被控制了，但是在此之前已造成了严重的损失。loss名词“损失”，在句中作主语。
17．—Is everyone here?
—Not yet. Look, there ________ (come) a guest!
答案comes空格处所在句子为倒装句，a guest作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。故空格处应填comes。
18．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
答案has句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
19．Nowadays, either 21st Century or other English newspapers ________ (be) increasingly popular among us students.
答案are'either...or...连接两个主语时，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数形式。故此处谓语应用复数形式。再根据句中的Nowadays可知，此处应填are。
20．It's said that a singer and TV star ________ (be) coming to give us a wonderful performance next Saturday.
答案is 句意：据说一位歌唱家兼电视明星下星期六要来给我们做精彩的表演。and连接两个名词，如果指同一人或者同一事物时，句子的谓语动词要用单数。故答案为is。
21．The head teacher, together with his students, ________ (be) planning to post the winning poems on the Campus Network.
答案is主语后接由with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等构成的短语时，谓语仍保持与原主语的一致关系。故空格处应填is。
22．Some fruits are so easily harvested in this area that they are never of great ________ (valuable)．
答案value句意：有些水果在这个地区是如此容易收获以至于它们从来都没有太大的价值。be of great value 意为“很有价值”，相当于be very valuable。
23．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ (be) saved for other purposes.
答案were句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的the rest of which中的which指的是raw materials，所以谓语动词用复数；再结合前半句中的时态可判断，正确答案为were。
24．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ (suggest) that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
答案suggests句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的这一事实表明我们可能需要开展一场全国范围的运动
来提高人们对吸烟危险性的意识。根据句意可知，此处应使用一般现在时，本句的主语是The fact，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填suggests。
25．The ________ (similar) between Mars and Earth are enough to keep alive hopes of some form of Martian life.
答案similarities 句意：火星和地球之间的诸多相似之处足以让人们对火星上存在某种生物抱以希望。similarity“类似，相似点”，符合句意。谓语动词是are，故用名词复数形式。
26．The course aims to develop the children's ________ (appreciate) of music.
答案appreciation 句意：该课程旨在培养孩子对音乐的欣赏能力。appreciation名词“欣赏，鉴别”，符合句意。
27．The writer and the teacher ________ (be) to give us a talk on American history.
答案are那位作家和那位老师指两个人，谓语动词用复数，故填are。
28．At the graduation ceremony, the headmaster required the graduates to raise their competitive ________ (aware) in modern society.
答案awareness句意：毕业典礼上校长要求毕业生们在现代社会中要增强竞争意识。competitive awareness“竞争意识”。
29．—Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ________ (hope) to go to university.
—So do I.
答案hopes句子主语是each of the students，谓语动词应用单数形式；再根据下文do可知，应用一般现在时。
30．Mary is the only one of the teachers who ________ (know) a little Chinese.
答案knows定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的单复数一致。从句的先行词是the only one of the teachers，强调唯一的老师，谓语动词应用单数。
二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。
1．More than one worker have been sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years.
________________________________________________________
答案have→has句意：在过去的三年中，不止一个工人被送到培训中心去提高他们的工作技能。more than one 意为“不止一个”，从意义上讲它表示复数，但作主语时，谓语习惯用单数。
2．A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearly 320,000 in Beijing.
________________________________________________________
答案are→is句意：最近的一项研究表明，在北京和父母一起从农村来的孩子的数量将近320000。“the number of＋名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
3．The computer system crashed and I lost three hour's worth of work.
________________________________________________________
答案hour's→hours'句意：电脑系统瘫痪了，我失去了三个小时的工作价值。三个小时为复数概念，因此hour 应用复数形式。
4．On the contrary, I think it is Truman, rather than you, are to blame.
________________________________________________________
答案are→is当主语是介词with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, rather than, including等连接的两个名词或代词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词或代词的数保持一致。
5．Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.
________________________________________________________
答案第二个was→were因先行词two men是复数，所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数。
6．Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
________________________________________________________
答案give→gives由not only及but also可知，gives与makes为平行结构，构成并列谓语动词。
7．I have an appoint with Dr Smith, but I need to change it.
________________________________________________________
答案appoint→appointment have an appointment with sb.意为“与某人有个约会/预约”。
8．[福建南平质检]Often she buys some toy for him to play with, especially on his birthday.
________________________________________________________
答案toy→toys句意：她经常为他买一些玩具来玩，尤其是在他的生日那天。some意为“一些”，故需将后面的名词toy改为复数形式。
9．Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
________________________________________________________
答案is→are因为主语是my picture and prize，故谓语动词要用复数。
10．If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money.
________________________________________________________
答案are→is there be结构中的be动词是由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定，此处no need是单数，所以用is。
11．Her parents were in Shanghai, and so was his.
________________________________________________________
答案was→were后一分句中主语his为his parents的省略形式，为复数，所以应用were。
12．As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.
________________________________________________________
答案are→is句子主语为动名词短语remembering English words，故其谓语动词要用单数。
13．In the last 25 years, the population of Singapore have doubled to more than five million.
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答案have→has 句意：在过去的25年里，新加坡的人口翻了一番，达到500多万人。此处的population为集合名词，可以看成一个整体，故谓语动词用单数。
14．Each student should make good preparation for the college Entrance Examination.
________________________________________________________
答案preparation→preparations preparation为可数名词；make preparations for...“为……做准备”，固定搭配。
15．As a consequent, he was sentenced to death for murder.
________________________________________________________
答案consequent→consequence consequent形容词“随之发生的，必然的”；consequence名词“结果”。as a
高考英语固定句型知识点基础测试题含解析 一、选择题 1．Once the marine life is poisoned, it will be a very long time __________it restores its original condition. A．since B．that C．before D．until 2．Helen was about to walk out of the door________ the telephone rang. A．when B．then C．while D．that 3．It is only when people live on à very limited diet_________ it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins. A．so B．that C．since D．until 4．________ occurred to me that I had left my shirt on the playground. A．It B．One C．That D．What 5．How excited I am now! You know, it is the second time that I _____ the first prize in the 400-meter race. A．wins B．won C．have won D．is winning 6．Do you consider it any good______ your eyes to your cellphone every day? A．gluing B．to glue C．having glued D．to have glued 7．Please choose the WRONG sentences. A．It is so fine a day that Mijie wants to play basketball with Caixukun B．It is such a fine day that Caojiayi wants to have a date with Lixian C．It is such fine weather that Zhangyan wants to team up with Wangyibo. D．It is so a fine weather that Zhangyueyao wants to kiss Wangjunkai. 8．It is no use ____ me not to worry. A．you tell B．your telling C．to have told D．having told 9．There is no doubt ______ cultural relics are ______ protecting. A．whether; worth B．whether; worthy C．that; worth D．that; worthy 10．The little girl had been taught to behave ____ her parents would live as quiet a life as possible. A．in such a way that B．in a way such that C．in such a way as D．in a way so that 11．It won’t be long __________ our winter vacation begins, but my vacation plans are still up in the air. A．when B．until C．that D．before 12．I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A．won’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 13．Astronauts who are accustomed _____ views that you and I cannot really describe were moved _____ tears when they looked out the windows of the spacecraft for the first time. A．in, by B．from, by C．to, to D．with, to
高考英语阅读理解核心笔记 “阅读理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道题，而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章！” 阅读理解的主要题型 一、主旨大意 （一）常见的提问方式： (1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______. (2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________. (3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? (4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ________. (6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? (7) What topic is treated in the passage?
(8) The passage makes clear that ________. (9) Which of the following best sum up the passage? （二）怎样挖掘文章主旨 1、依照中心词确定主题。 2、抓住主题句来确定主题 （1）识别主题句与细节 ① raises some farm animals. ② has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well. (2)主题句的定位（分析文章结构） ①开门见山，点出主题（主题句出现在开头） ②详细论证，总结陈词（主题句出现在结尾） ③引题过渡，引出主题（主题句出现在中间） （三）技巧及注意事项 （1）无论它出现在题目当中哪个位置，都建议作为最后一道题去做，因为做完其它题目以后会对主旨的理解有帮助。 （2）主旨在文章中间时，遇到文章前后段意思转折，要提高警惕。 （3）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。 （4）正确选项不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定和绝对意义的词，覆盖面不能过大也不能过小。 二、细节理解 （一）常见的提问方式： (1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage? (2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true? (3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____. (4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. (5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…? (6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like? （二）常见的细节理解题型及解题方法： 1）排序题。 方法：“首尾定位法”（找出第一个动作和最后的一个动作，缩小选择范围） 2）图形辨认题 方法：“按文索图法”（找出描绘图形的句段，进行文图对照） 3）数字换算题 方法：“列表推算法”（找出与题干相关的数据列表或推算） 4）表格理解题 方法：“文表分析法”（把题干、选项与表格对照分析） 5）应用广告类事实信息题 方法：“题干定位法”（直接阅读题干，在文中找答案，不必阅读全文） （三）技巧及注意事项
2018年高考英语单词必考知识点总结归纳 一、一个星期七天 1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday 二、一年十二个月 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain) 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
高考英语时态考点归纳与分析 一、现在完成时考点 现在完成时主要有两种用法，即持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影响性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持续性用法表示动作发生于过去，但在过去并未完成，而是从过去一直持续到现在，此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语；后者指的是动作发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，而说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响，此时一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。如： 1.Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent scie nce _________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. (广东卷) A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing 【分析】答案选 B。由表示对照的Years ago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“现在已经证明了”，所以用现在完成时。 2.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won’t su pport him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷) A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 【分析】答案选B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和C；由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D，而选B。 另外，同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用的短语和句型：so fa r(到目前为止)，since(自从)，in [for, during] the past [last]…years(在过去…年中)，by now (到现在为止)，up to [until] now (到现在为止)，It's [will be] the fi rst time that…(第一次……)等。如： 3. My brother is an actor. He _________in several film so far. (浙江卷) A. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 【分析】答案选 C。so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。 4. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. (山东卷) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 【分析】答案选 B。since 1992这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。主句主语是th e country life，句中he was used to是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。 二、过去完成时考点
高考英语数词知识点专项训练解析附答案 一、选择题 1．After they each had said _____few words, Professor White took ______floor and answered the questions. A．a; / B．a; a C．a; the D．/; a 2．As we should know, animals are not necessarily ___________ lower form of life than ___________ man. A．a; the B．the; the C．a; /D．/; / 3．The Evening Party, turning out to be _______ great success, came to _______ end after midnight. A．a; an B．/; an C．/; / D．the; an 4．We urge ______ extreme caution in ______ use of this medicine, which has not been officially approved yet. A．an; the B．an; 不填 C．不填; the D．不填; 不填 5．In communication, a smile is usually _____ strong sign of a friendly and _____ open attitude. A．a; / B．the; / C．a; an D．the; an 6．Living in_________ ever increasingly fast-paced world, we are facing greater competition, so we must take _________ advantage of every opportunity to develop. A．an; the B．an; / C．the; an D．the; / 7．No one hopes the two countries will be at war, because peace is what everyone wants. A．the;the B．a;a C．the;/D．/;/ 8．It’s______ comfort to know there’s someone to keep ______eye on the kids. A．a; the B．a; an C．/;an D．/;the 9．He had wanted to write _________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _________ way. A．a; / B．the; the C．/; the D．a; the 10．Sarah looked at ______finished painting with ________satisfaction. A．/；a B．a；the C．the；/D．the；a 11．It comes as ______ surprise that ______ dream of space travel will soon come true. A．a; the B．the ; the
高三英语知识点归纳整理5篇分享 与高一高二不同之处在于，高三复习知识是为了更好的与高考考纲相结合，尤其水平中等或中等偏下的学生，此时需要进行查漏补缺，但也需要同时提升能力，填补知识、技能的空白。下面就是给大家带来的高三英语知识点，希望对大家有所帮助！ 高三英语知识点1 重点单词 1.honest adj.诚实的 2.ancient dj.古代的 3pete vi.比赛 4petitor n.竞争者 5.medal n.奖章 6.host vt.主办 7.magical adj.魔术的 8.interview vt.面谈
9.athlete n.运动员 10.admit vt.承认 11.set n.组 12.slave n.奴隶 13.stadium n.露天大型体育场 14.gymnasium n.健身房 15.replace vt.取代 16.prize n.奖 17.sliver n.银 18.physical adj.物理的 19.root n.根 20.relate vt.有关 21.sail vt.航行 22.poster n. 海报 23.advertise vt.做广告 24.foolish adj.愚蠢的
25.promise vt.n.答应 26.golden adj.金的 重点短语 1.take part in 参加 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6a12654934.html,ed to 过去常常 3.change ones mind 改变主意 4.play an important role in 在...中起重要作用5pete against/for 与...比赛 6.work out 计算出 7.make sure 有把握 8.a set of 一组 9.as well as 也;又 10.every four years 每四年 11.one after another 陆续地 12.all over the world 遍及世界 13.as a matter of fact 事实上
【英语】高三英语翻译专题训练答案及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的
高考英语名词知识点专项训练及解析答案(2) 一、选择题 1．The painful experience left her emotionally drained, but she is not the sort of ________woman to be defeated by a of fate. A．damage B．collapse C．twist D．share 2．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children. A．ambition B．obedience C．education 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages. A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault 5．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars. A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh 6．Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population. A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raise C．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose 7．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 8．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 9．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother. —Me too, and there is no obvious________between them. A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 10．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 11．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 12．Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing. A．tactics B．virtues C．emotions 13．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water. A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access 14．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book? —Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday. A．limit B．time C．number D．length 15．To everyone's surprise, the three-year-old boy recited Three-Character Canon without making a single .
Unit 4 Making the news Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2014·济南名校模考)—Well，Dick，I’m sorry that I have to leave. —________.Let’s email often. A．So am I B．Keep in touch C．Enjoy yourself D．Don’t be sad 2．(2014·银川一中质检)Though surprised to see us，________artist and________professor gave us________warm welcome in her villa. A．the；the；a B．an；a；/ C．the；/；a D．an；/；/ 3．(2014·苏锡常镇四市调研)—Show me your permit，please. —Oh，it’s not in my pocket.It________. A．must have fallen out B．might fall out C．could fall out D．should have fallen out 4．(2014·南京一模)—How are things going，Janet? —They have set out to deal with the present situation________they think deserves their immediate attention. A．which B．where C．when D．what 5．(2014·安徽合肥第一次质量检测)Currently，many American women are still faced with the________of choosing between work and family commitments. A．desperation B．confusion C．dilemma D．concern 6．(2014·山东省胶东示范学校二模)Susan gave another call to John________he forgot his promise to help her move house. A．so that B．in case C．although D．if 7．(2014·实验中学一模)Please do me a favor—________Mr Black of our new date and place of the meeting，or he’ll miss it. A．to inform B．informing C．informed D．inform 8．(2014·安徽重点中学3月联考)Not only________to turn off the lights in the kitchen，but we also failed to lock the front door. A．we forgot B．forgot we
高三英语知识点总结归纳5篇分享 学习高三英语知识点的时候需要讲究方法和技巧，更要学会对高三英语知识点进行归纳整理。 高三英语知识点1 look at a book? 1. 表示阅读性地“看书”(即读书)，一般要用动词read。如： Don’t read such books. 不要读那样的书。 He is reading a book on Shakespeare. 他在看一本关于莎士比亚的书。 但是，在许多情况下，“看书”只需用read 就够了(尤其是泛泛地表示“看书”时)，无需后接book作宾语。如： In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常常看书。 This light is too poor to read by. 这光线太暗不能看书。 I read much less now than I did at school. 我现在看书远比我上学时少。 2. 若不是表示阅读性地“看书”，而只是大概地看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等，或者是考试时悼词楸镜龋此时都不宜用动词read, 可用look at, see 等。如： Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些书吗?
Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的书。 Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。 Students must not look at their books during examinations. 学生考试不准舞弊。 高三英语知识点2 虚拟条件句 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard. 2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would，或might)+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes. 注意： 1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。 2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主
高考英语语法专题讲解（冠词） 冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。 一、不定冠词的用法： 1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如: A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel. 2、泛指某人或某物。 A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk. 3、表one或every。 We work 8 hours a day.I go home twice a month. 4、表示the same 的意思。 Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together. 5、用在不可数名词前 a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份 A large coffee for me.It was a wonderful tea. b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前） It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling.There is a cold wind this morning. c)（用在抽象名词前）一种 That is a great disappointment.It’s a pleasure to work with you. 6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。 I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room. What a strange London they saw!He’s a living Lei Feng. 7、用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。 8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an, 如an apple, an English book。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如a university, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination. 二、定冠词的用法。 1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。 The boy likes the film.Shut the door, please. The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker. 2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。 the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不用）
代词考点分析 1.—— When shall we meet again ? s all?—— Make it _____ day you like;it the same to me.(96年高考题) A．one B．any C．some D．another 析：此题答案为B。若选A，one day意“过去/将来的某一天”；若选C,some day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”；若选D，another day意“改日”、“又/另一天”；选B，any day 意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”，显然它适合此题。 m reading a new book these days ,_____ in?2.I English. A.it B.that C.one D.which 析：排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语；若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物，也可排除；至于D项which，因其是定语从句引导词，在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语，另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。 3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____. A.every B.all C.either D.each 析：由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊，故all（指三者或三者以上）不可选；every表“两者中任意的一个”，在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。 t know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some.?4.We don A.everyone B.every one C.anybody D.each one 析：因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语（此处不能与of短语连用），故A、C选项可排除。若选D项，因not…each结构表全否定，与下句“we only know some”不合，故不能成立。只有选B时，not…every表半否定，与下句意相合。 5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.
高中英语知识点大全（27）：bring/take/fetch(get)/carry的 区别 1、break 小结 break 一词常用搭配有： （1）break out (战争、火灾、争吵、瘟疫等)爆发 A big fire broke out in the city last week. （2）break away from 脱离 A carriage(车厢)broke away from the train. （3）break the law 违反法律 Who breaks the law will be punished by the law. （4）break in 破门而入；打断 He broke in to say that he was not interested in what I was talking about. （5）break down 损坏；中断 Her fridge has broken down for a long time. （6）break off 打断；结束；暂停 They were arguing(争论)but broke off when someone came into the room. （7）break into 闯入；侵入 Thieves broke into my house when I was out. break off
该短语动词的意思是“中断说话”，“暂时停止”。如： He broke off in the middle of a sentence. break sth.off/break off sth. with sb. 前者意为“（使）折断”，后者意为“与某人突然断绝（关系）”。如： The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving. break out (战争、火灾、疾病、瘟疫等的)爆发 ①The American Civil War broke out in 1861. ②Fire broke out in the neighbour last night. break out in (into)… 忽然（做出）…… break out in laughter 突然放声大笑 break in (强盗等)强行闯入 break into 闯入；打碎（打破）成…… break up 分开，分割 2、bring短语归纳 bring down(风)刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 养大，呕吐；bring about带来，引起；bring along捎来，带来，bring back 归还；bring out 拿出；bring in 赚（钱），带进，传入；bring on 端上（饭菜），引起（火灾），使……成长； [应用]副词填空 ①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate. ②Surely the new railway will bring __ many changes in this less developed area.