蜀道难作者: 李白
噫吁戏，危乎高哉！
蜀道之难，难于上青天！
蚕丛及鱼凫，开国何茫然。
尔来四万八千岁，不与秦塞通人烟。
西当太白有鸟道，可以横绝峨眉巅。
地崩山摧壮士死，然后天梯石栈相钩连。
上有六龙回日之高标，下有冲波逆折之回川。
黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援。
青泥何盘盘，百步九折萦岩峦。
扪参历井仰胁息，以手抚膺坐长叹。
问君西游何时还，畏途躔岩不可攀。
但见悲鸟号古木，雄飞雌从绕林间。
又闻子规啼夜月，愁空山，蜀道之难，难于上青天！
使人听此凋朱颜。
连峰去天不盈尺，枯松倒挂倚绝壁。
飞湍瀑流争喧虺，砰崖转石万壑雷。
其险也如此，嗟尔远道之人胡为乎哉！
剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬，一夫当关，万夫莫开。
所守或匪亲，化为狼与豺。
朝避猛虎，夕避长蛇，磨牙吮血，杀人如麻。
锦城虽云乐，不如早还家。
蜀道之难，难于上青天！侧身西望长咨嗟。
译文
啊！多么险峻，多么高！蜀道难走，比上天还难。蚕丛和鱼凫两个蜀王，开国的事情多么渺茫不清。从那以后经过四万八千年，才和秦地的人有交通。西边挡着太白山，只有鸟道，高飞的鸟才可以横渡峨嵋山顶。直到地崩山塌壮士都被压死，然后才有了天梯与石栈相互连接。上面有即使是拉车的六龙也要绕弯的最高峰，下面有冲激高溅的波浪逆折的漩涡。高飞的黄鹤尚且飞不过去，猿猴想过去，发愁没有地方可以攀援。青泥山迂回曲折，很短的路程内要转很多弯，盘绕着山峰。屏住呼吸伸手可以摸到星星，用手摸着胸口空叹息。问你西游什么时侯回来？可怕的路途，陡峭的山岩难以攀登。只见鸟儿叫声凄厉，在古树上悲鸣，雌的和雄的在林间环绕飞翔。又听见杜鹃在月夜里啼叫，哀愁充满空山。蜀道难走啊，比上天还难，让人听了这话红颜衰谢。连绵的山峰离天不到一尺，枯松靠着陡直的绝壁倒挂着。急流瀑布争着喧嚣而下，撞击山崖使石头翻滚发出雷鸣般声响。就是这么危险，你这远道的人，为什么来到这里？剑阁高峻崎岖而突兀不平，一个人守住关口，万人也打不开。守关的如果不可靠，就会变成当道的豺狼。早晨要躲避猛虎，晚上要提防长蛇，磨着牙齿吸人血，杀的人数不清。锦城虽然是个安乐的地方，还是不如回家好。蜀道难走啊，比上天还难，侧过身向西望着，长长地叹息。
秋兴八首（其一）作者：杜甫
玉露凋伤枫树林1，巫山巫峡气萧森2。
江间波浪兼天涌3，塞上风云接地阴4。
丛菊两开他日泪5，孤舟一系故园心6。
寒衣处处催刀尺7，白帝城高急暮砧8。
译文：
枫树在深秋露水的侵蚀下逐渐凋零、残伤，巫山和巫峡也笼罩在萧瑟阴森的迷雾中。巫峡里面波浪滔天，上空的乌云则像是要压到地面上来似的，天地一片阴沉。花开花落已两载，看着盛开的花，想到两年未曾回家，就不免伤心落泪。小船还系在岸边，虽然我不能东归，飘零在外的我，心却长系故园。又在赶制冬天御寒的衣服了，白帝城上捣制寒衣的砧声一阵紧似一阵。看来又一年过去了，我对故乡的思念也愈加
凝重，愈加深沉……
登高——杜甫
风急天高猿啸哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回。
无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。
万里悲秋常作客，百年多病独登台。
艰难苦恨繁霜鬓，潦倒新停浊酒杯。
译文：
风急天高猿猴啼叫显得十分悲哀，水清沙白的河洲上空鸟儿在盘旋。
无边无际的树木萧萧地飘下落叶，望不到头的长江水滚滚奔腾而来。
悲对秋景感慨万里漂泊常年为客，一生当中疾病缠身今日独上高台。
历尽了艰难苦恨白发长满了双鬓，穷困潦倒偏又暂停了浇愁的酒杯。
咏怀古迹(其三)
群山万壑赴荆门，生长明妃尚有村。
一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。
画图省识春风面，环珮空归夜月魂。
千载琵琶作胡语，分明怨恨曲中论。
群山万壑随着江流奔赴荆门，昭君生长的地方现在还有村落。一离开紫台就和沙漠连在一起，只留下一座长着青草的坟墓向着黄泉。只凭画图约略地看宫女的容貌，环佩声响，只有魂魄月夜归来。千年琵琶弹奏胡音胡调。分明是怨恨之情从乐曲中抒发出来。
马嵬其二——李商隐
海外/徒闻/更/九州，他生/未卜/此生/休。
空闻/虎旅/传/宵柝，无复/鸡人/报/晓筹。
此日/六军/同/驻马，当时/七夕/笑/牵牛。
如何/四纪/为天子，不及/卢家/有莫愁。
译文
徒然听到传说，海外还有九州，来生未可预知，今生就此罢休。
空听到禁卫军，夜间击打刀斗，不再有宫中鸡人，报晓敲击更筹。
六军已经约定，全都驻马不前，遥想当年七夕，我们还嗤笑织女耕牛。
如何历经四纪，身份贵为天子，却不及卢家夫婿，朝朝夕夕陪伴莫愁
锦瑟——李商隐
锦瑟无端五十弦，一弦一柱思华年。
庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶，望帝春心托杜鹃。
沧海月明珠有泪，蓝田日暖玉生烟。
此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然。
译文：
锦瑟呀，你为何竟然有五十条弦？
每弦每节，都令人怀思黄金华年。
我心象庄子，为蝴蝶晓梦而迷惘；
又象望帝化杜鹃，寄托春心哀怨
沧海明月高照，鲛人泣泪皆成珠
蓝田红日和暖，可看到良玉生烟。
悲欢离合之情，岂待今日来追忆，
只是当年却漫不经心，早已惘然。
原文：
梁惠王曰：“寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣。河内凶，则移其民于河东，移其粟于河内。河东凶亦然。察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者。邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，
何也？”
孟子对曰：“王好战，请以战喻。填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳兵而走，或百步而后止，或五十步而后止。以五十步笑百步，则何如？”曰：“不可。直不百步耳，是亦走也。”曰：“王如知此，则无望民之多于邻国也。不违农时，谷不可胜食也。数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也。斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧死无憾也。养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。五亩之宅，树之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣。鸡豚狗彘之畜，无失其时，七十者可以食肉矣；百亩之田，勿夺其时，数口之家可以无饥矣；谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不饥不寒，然而不王者，未之有也。狗彘食人食而不知检，途有饿殍而不知发。人死，则曰：‘非我也，岁也。’是何异于刺人而杀之，曰：‘非我也，兵也。’王无罪岁，斯天下
之民至焉。”
译文：
梁惠王说：“我治理梁国，真是费尽心力了。河内地方遭了饥荒，我便把那里的百姓迁移到河东，同时把河东的粮食运到河内。河东遭了饥荒，也这样办。我曾经考察过邻国的政事，没有谁能像我这样尽心的。可是，邻国的百姓并不因此减少，我的百姓并不因此加多，这是
什么缘故呢？”
孟子回答说：“大王喜欢战争，那就请让我用战争打个比喻吧。战鼓冬冬敲响，枪尖刀锋刚一接触，有些士兵就抛下盔甲，拖着兵器向后逃跑。有的人跑了一百步停住脚，有的人跑了五十步停住脚。那些跑了五十步的士兵，竟耻笑跑了一百步的士兵，可以吗？”惠王说：“不可以。只不过他们没有跑到一百步罢了，但这也是逃跑呀。”孟子说：“大王如果懂得这个道理，那就不要希望百姓比邻国多了。如果兵役徭役不妨害农业生产的季节，粮食便会吃不完；如果细密的鱼网不到深的池沼里去捕鱼，鱼鳖就会吃不光；如果按季节拿着斧头入山砍伐树木，木材就会用不尽。粮食和鱼鳖吃不完，木材用不尽，那么百姓便对生养死葬没有什么遗憾。百姓对生养死葬都没有遗憾，就是王道的开端了。分给百姓五亩大的宅园，种植桑树，那么，五十岁以上的人都可以穿丝绸了。鸡狗和猪等家畜，百姓能够适时饲养，那么，七十岁以上的老人都可以吃肉了。每家人有百亩的耕地，官府不去妨碍他们的生产季节，那么，几口人的家庭可以不挨饿了。认真地办好学校，反复地用孝顺父母、尊敬兄长的大道理教导老百姓，那么，须发花白的老人也就不会自己背负或顶着重物在路上行走了。七十岁以上的人有丝绸穿，有肉吃，普通百姓饿不着、冻不着，这样还不能实行王道，是从来不曾有过的事。现在的梁国呢，富贵人家的猪狗吃掉了百姓的粮食，却不约束制止；道路上有饿死的人，却不打开粮仓赈救。老百姓死了，竟然说：‘这不是我的罪过，而是由于年成不好。’这种说法和拿着刀子杀死了人，却说‘这不是我杀的而是兵器杀的’，又有什么不同呢？大王如果不归罪到年成，那么天下的老百姓就会投奔到梁国来了。”
师说——韩愈
古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道授业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。
嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？
爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉。惑矣！彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。
巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。”位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。呜呼！师道之不复可知矣！巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！
圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。
李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。
译文：
古时候求学问的人一定有老师。所谓老师，就是(用来)传授道理、授与专业知识、解答疑难问题的人。人不是生下来就懂道理的，谁能够没有疑难问题呢？有疑难问题却不跟老师请教，那些成为疑难的问题便终究不会解决了。出生在我前面的，他懂得道理本来比我早，我跟随他,以他为师；出生在我后面的，他懂得道理要是也比我早，我也跟他学习。我学习的是道理，哪管他出生在我之前还是在我之后呢？因此，不论地位高还是低，不论年龄大还是小，道理存在的地方，老师也就在那里。
唉！从师学习的传统不被继承已经很久了，要人们没有疑难问题是很困难的了！古时候的圣人，超出一般人够远了,尚且跟从老师请教；现在的一般人，他们不如圣人也够远了,却以向老师学习为耻辱。因此，圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚蠢。圣人的所以成为圣人，愚人的所以成为愚人，大概都是由于这个原因吧？
人们爱自己的孩子，就选择老师来教他们；对于自己呢，却不肯从师学习，这真糊涂了。那些儿童们的老师，是教给儿童们读书和学习书中文句的，不是我所说的那种传授道理、解释疑难问题的老师。不懂得书中的文句就从师学习，疑难问题不得解释，却不向老师请教，小事学习，大事反而丢弃，我看不出他们明白道理的地方。
巫医、乐师、各种工匠，不把相互学习当作难为情。读书做官的这类人，一听到有人以“老师”、“学生”相称，就许多人聚集在一起讥笑人家。问他们为什么这样，他们就说：“他和他年纪差不多，学问也差不多。称地位低的人为师，就感到羞耻，称官位高的人为老师，就近于拍马。”唉！从师学习的传统不能恢复，从这里可以知道了。巫医、音乐师和工匠，是所谓上层人士看不起的，现在那些“上层人士”的明智程度竟然反而不及这些人，岂不是可以奇怪的么！
圣人没有固定的老师。孔子曾以郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃为师。郯子这些人，他们的品德才能并不如孔子。孔子说：“三个人一起走，那一定有可以当我老师的。”所以，学生不一定不及老师，老师不一定比学生高明。懂得道理有先有后，技能业务各有钻研与擅长，不过这样罢了。
李家的儿子名叫蟠，十七岁，爱好古文，六经的经文和传注全都学了，不被时俗拘束，来向我学习。我赞许他能实行古代的从师之道，写这篇《师说》来赠给他。
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Great European Cities PARIS Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world’s largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of France’s artists and writers live in Paris. BARCELONA Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926. The church hasn’t been finished yet! FLORENCE Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred ears. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florence’s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. ATHENS Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilization. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world’s most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greece’s best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since. The Human Development Report In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland(2), Sweden(3), Australia(4), the Netherlands(5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to: Reduce poverty and hunger; Make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11; Fight AIDS and other diseases; Improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; Encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries. The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years, China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修三 第一单元世界各地的节日 Reading 节日和庆典 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 亡灵节 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 纪念名人的节日 也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节（龙舟节）是纪念古代著名诗人屈
原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度 在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国 而独立的领袖。 庆丰收的节日 收获与感恩节是十分喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一 起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最 大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 春天的节日 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人 过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。（他们）舞 龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂 欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们穿着各种艳丽的 节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基 督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命 的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，（节日里）整个国度到处是盛 开的樱花。看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 Using Language 一段伤心的爱情故事 李方的心都碎了。这天是情人节，胡瑾说她下班后会在咖啡馆和他见面
普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
高一英语人教版必修三-全册课文原文 Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In
Unit 5 Canada-"The True North" 李黛予和她表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望她们的表兄妹们。她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。要横贯整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。 她们的朋友林丹尼在机场等候她们。他要带着她们和行李到火车站乘坐横穿加拿大的“真北方”号列车。在去火车站的路上，林丹尼聊起了她们的旅程：“你们沿途将会看到美丽壮阔的风景。向东一直走，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。有人想在不到五天的时间里横穿加拿大，他们忘了加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5，500公里。这儿，温哥华，是加拿大最温暖的地方。人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。落基山可以滑雪，海港供你扬帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。这个城市的人口增长很快。在温哥华北面的海岸上保存了最古老、最美丽的森林。那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。” 那天下午表姐俩才登上了火车落了座。火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们设法看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。她们的下一站就是卡尔加里，这个城市因“大西部赛马会”而闻名。来自世界各地的牛仔们来参加赛马会比赛。他们中许多人都有骑野马的本领，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。 两天以后，她们开始意识到加拿大人烟稀少。他们在学校学过，大多数加拿大人定居在靠近美国几百英里的边境地带，加拿大的人口也就是三千万多一点儿。但是现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。火车穿过一个种植小麦的省份，她们看到了面积有数千英亩的农场。晚饭后她们又回到城市，位于五大湖区顶端的繁忙的港口城市桑得贝。巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。她们知道，因为有五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都多。事实上，加拿大拥有全世界三分之一的淡水量，其中大部分都蓄在五大湖泊里。 那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。 1
人教版语文必修三课文中的成语整理 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
1．雕梁画栋：指有彩绘装饰的十分华丽的房屋。 2．顾盼神飞：左右顾视，目光炯炯，神采飞扬。 3．敛声屏气：抑制语声和呼吸。形容畏惧、小心的样子。 4．不经之谈：荒诞无稽、没有根据的话。 5．少不更事：年纪轻，没有经历过什么事情。指经验不多。 6．百无聊赖：精神上无所寄托，感到什么都没意思。 7．沸反盈天：形容人声喧闹，乱成一片。 8．一拥而上：形容周围的人同时向一个目标猛挤过去。 9．地崩山摧：土地崩裂，山岭倒塌。多形容巨大变故。 10. 杀人如麻：形容杀的人多得数不清。 11. 扪参历井：形容山势高峻，道路险阻。亦形容世路艰难。 12．一夫当关，万夫莫开：形容地势十分险峻。也形容一个人有万夫莫当之勇，一个人挡上万个人。 13. 千呼万唤：形容再三催促。 14．秋月春风:指美好的时光。 15. 门庭冷落:形容十分冷落，宾客稀少。 16. 此时无声胜有声:默默无声却比有声更感人。(有时候不说话比说话更有用)。 17. 司马青衫：形容极度悲伤。 18. 庄生梦蝶：庄周梦见自己变成了胡蝶。比喻梦中乐趣或人生变化无常。 19. 杜鹃啼血：传说杜鹃昼夜悲鸣，啼至血出乃止。常用以形容哀痛之极。 20. 沧海珠泪：指诗人的思念的悲痛到了极点。 21. 锦瑟年华：比喻青春时代。 22. 奄奄一息：只剩下一口气。形容临近死亡。 23. 五十步笑百步：后泛用以比喻缺点或错误的性质相同，只有情节或好或重的区别。 24. 弃甲曳兵：形容打败仗逃跑时的狼狈相。 25. 青出于蓝：比喻学生超过老师或后人胜过前人。 26. 锲而不舍：比喻有恒心，有毅力。
Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH” A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH” Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.” That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes. That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto. “THE TRUE NORTH” FROM TORONTO TO MONTREAL The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across the lake. In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. The water flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea. They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother’s old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her from a telephone booth.”
节日和庆典 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 亡灵节 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 纪念名人的节日 也有纪念名人的节日。中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 庆丰收的节日 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月。在中国，人们还品尝月饼。 春天的节日 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。（他们）舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。复活节是全世界基督徒的一个重要的宗教和公众节日。它庆祝耶稣复活，也欢庆春天和新生命的到来。再晚些时候，日本就迎来了樱花节，（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 人们喜欢聚在一起吃、喝、玩耍。节日让我们享受生活，让我们为自己的习俗而自豪，还可以暂时忘掉工作中的烦恼。 Festivals and celebrations Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with
Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.