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固定床渣油加氢催化剂表面积炭及抑制研究进展

2015年第34卷第12期CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS ·4229·

化工进展

固定床渣油加氢催化剂表面积炭及抑制研究进展

林建飞,胡大为,杨清河

(中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京 100083)

摘要:固定床渣油加氢技术是重质油轻质化的重要手段,积炭是造成催化剂失活、缩短渣油加氢装置运行周期的重要原因之一。本文介绍了固定床渣油加氢反应时催化剂积炭的来源、积炭类型及形成机理、影响积炭形成的因素、抑制催化剂积炭的方法。积炭分为软炭和硬炭,主要由渣油中的沥青质等稠合芳香环化合物吸附于催化剂表面脱氢缩合形成;渣油性质、催化剂物化性能和工艺条件共同影响积炭形成,低黏度渣油、大孔径催化剂及较高氢分压可以减少催化剂表面积炭量;反应过程中掺杂低黏度高芳香性馏分油可以较好地抑制积炭形成。

文章指出通过对固定床渣油加氢催化剂积炭问题的分析,可以达到有效抑制催化剂表面积炭和延长催化剂运转周期的目的。

关键词:固定床;渣油加氢;表面积炭;催化剂失活

中图分类号:TE 624 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000–6613(2015)12–4229–09

DOI:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.12.016

Research progress of coke deposition and inhibition on fixed bed residue

hydrogenating catalysts

LIN Jianfei,HU Dawei,YANG Qinghe

(Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China)Abstract:Fixed bed residue hydrogenation technology is an important means of making heavy oil lighter. Coke deposition is one of the important reasons leading to catalyst deactivation and shorter running period of residue hydrogenation unit. The source of catalyst coke deposition,the type of coke,the mechanism of coke deposition,the factors affecting coke deposition and the methods to inhibit coke deposition are discussed and outlined. There are two types of coke deposition:soft coke and hard coke,mainly from dehydrogenative condensation reactions of polyaromatic species,such as asphaltene,and these substances adsorb on the catalyst surface easily. The properties of residue oil,catalyst physicochemical characteristics and process condition have important effect on coke formation. Lower viscosity residue oil,the catalyst with bigger pore size and higher hydrogen pressure can reduce coke content. Blending residue oil with low viscosity and high aromaticity distillate in the reaction process can effectively inhibit coke formation. The review provides reference for effectively controlling catalyst coke deposition and prolonging catalyst life time.

Key words:fixed bed; residue hydrogenation; coke deposition; catalyst deactivation

随着世界原油需求量的不断上升,一方面低硫、轻质原油所占的比例越来越小,原油逐渐向着重质化、劣质化方向发展[1],导致轻质油品产率下降,同时油品中含有较多的硫、氮和重金属等杂质;而另一方面世界市场又对重质燃料油需求量下降,对轻质燃料需求量大幅增加,对产品质量的要求不断

收稿日期:2015-03-18;修改稿日期:2015-07-31。

基金项目:中国石油化工股份有限公司合同项目。

第一作者:林建飞(1990—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固定床渣油加氢催化剂失活研究。联系人:杨清河,博士,教授级高级工程师。E-mail yangqh.ripp@https://www.doczj.com/doc/6d9861891.html,。

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