Period Three Grammar—Noun clause：predicative clause
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
以上4个句子中的黑体部分都是从句，这些从句在词性上相当于一个名词，故被称作名词性从句，而且从句作表语，所以又被称作表语从句。
一、名词性从句
1．概念：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句被称为名词性从句。
2．分类：名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3．连接词
4.注意事项
(1)名词性从句要用陈述语序；
(2)主从句的时态要基本呼应，有时需用虚拟语气；
(3)注意某些连接词的特殊用法(见后)。
二、表语从句
1．概念：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。
2．连接词的用法
(1)that引导的表语从句
用法：①无意义②不充当成分③不可省略
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
麻烦的是她弄丢了他的地址。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
(2)whether引导的表语从句
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。
[名师点津]if不能引导表语从句。
(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The problem is how we can find him.
问题是我们如何找到他。
He is no longer what he was.
他已经不再是以前的他了。
That’s where you are wrong.
那就是你不对的地方。
(4)because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.
那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
3．注意事项
(1)why和because引导的表语从句的区别
I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
(2)表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should 可以省略，但不可换成would)。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
Ⅰ.补全句子
1．The fact was that he didn’t really try.
事实是他没有做真正的努力。
2．The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
3．Now it seems as though/if she has known Millie for years.
现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。
4．My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
5．That’s where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
6．The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
7．That is why I want you to work here.
那就是我想让你在这儿工作的原因。
8．I was late for school this morning.That’s because I stayed up too late last night.
今天早上我上学迟到了。那是因为我昨晚睡得太晚了。
Ⅱ.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)
Everyone knew 9.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 10.where she came from and 11.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.12.What they did know was 13.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 14.whoever was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 15.why they were so narrow-minded，but it didn’t matter 16.what others thought of
her.She just wanted to do 17.what(ever) she thought was right.She thought that was 18.where the meaning of life lied.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.选用适当的连接词填空
that；why；whether；what；as if；whatever；because；when；how
1．You must do whatever is best for you.
2．The trouble is that I lost the key to my room.
3．I am not sure whether he is willing to help me.
4．I’m a bit sleepy，it’s because I was up all night.
5．Do you remember when/how/why he came here?
6．I’m wondering why you are always late for class.
7．We think that it’s necessary to talk with him again.
8．The question discussed at the meeting was whether it was worth trying.
9．All this was over twenty years ago，but it is as if it were only yesterday.
10．My parents are very kind to me and always let me do what/whatever I think I should do.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．That’s why I think(那就是我认为……的原因) the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
12．And you also should keep it in mind that exchanging notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study(和同学经常交流笔记是提高学习的好方法)．
13．All the participants can get what they want(他们想要的东西)．
14．In such a case I will insist on whatever I think is right(我认为正确的任何事情)．
15．To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies(秘密所在)．
16．You need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurred to you(你怎样想到的这个主意) and what materials you used.
17．I’m wondering whether/if you would like to spend this time with us(你是否愿意和我们度过这段时光)．
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans(寿命) that are similar to humans，living for around 50 to 70 years.
Now scientists believe they know why.A team at the University of Chicago，US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors(肿瘤) developing.To be precise，they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants.Most other species，including humans，only carry one copy.
According to the research，the extra copies of the gene improved the animal’s sensitivity to DNA damage，which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.
“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian.If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous(癌变的)，large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice.But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.
This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Peto’s paradox(悖论)”．Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not.In the elephant’s case，the making of TP53 is nature’s way of keeping this species alive.
The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice，they had the same cancer resistance as elephants.This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers spreading or even developing in the first place.
“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，” said Joshua Schiffman，a biologist at the School of Medicine，University of Utah，US.“It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”
18．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?
A．They have a rather large body size.
B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage.
C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors.
D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“To be precise，they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants.Most other species，including humans，only carry one copy.”可知，大象携带的抗癌基因比其他物种多。故选D。
19．According to the passage，what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?
A．Deadly tumors.
B．The huge body mass.
C．Cells killing themselves.
D．Sensitivity to DNA damage.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知，肿瘤是大体积动物进化过程的极大威胁。故选A。
20．What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? A．Larger animals have protection from TP53.
B．The risk of cancer is not related to body size.
C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.
D．The larger animals are，the bigger risk of cancer they will have.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据文章第四段最后一句“But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.”可知This phenomenon指代物种癌症的概率和他们的体型大小没有关系，所以选B。
21．What can be concluded from the passage?
A．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.
B．The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.
C．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.
D．The extra copies of elephants’ genes are used to cure cancer patients.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”并结合上文陈述的大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因TP53可以判断，人们有望通过制造TP53预防癌症。故选C。
B
Japan’s biggest airline is betting that the future of travel isn’t traveling at all.For the last month，a married couple has been interacting with a robot—called an Avatar—that’s controlled by their daughter hundreds of miles away.Made by ANA Holdings Inc.it looks like a cleaner with an iPad attached.But the screen displays the daughter’s face as they chat，and its wheels let her move slowly about the house as though she’s really there.
“Virtual travel”is nothing new，of course.Storytellers，travel writers and artists have stimulating(刺激) the sense of armchair tourists for centuries.It’s only in recent decades that
frequent，safe travel has become available to the non-wealthy.
Yet even as the world’s middle classes climb out of the armchair and into economy-class seats，there are signs of a post-travel society coming into being.Concerns about sustainability(可持续发展) are having an negative influence on carbon-intensive airlines.And the aging of wealthy societies is both slowing down physical travel and creating demand for various ways to experience the world.For the travel industry，virtual(虚拟的) reality offers an attractive response to these trend.
Of course，far-out technologies encourage far-out claims.ANA doesn’t plan to start selling Avatars until next year.Profits，too，will probably be difficult to achieve：according to one investigation，the global market for this kind of technology will be worth only about $300 million by 2023.By contrast，ANA’s traditional travel business brought in more than $19 billion last year.
But if the business case for virtual vacations is still weak，the market for technologies that bridge physical distances between families and coworkers seems likely to soy expand.ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon，but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future.
22．“Avatar” is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to .
A．display how people travel with the robot “Avatar”
B．introduce a new service offered by Japan’s biggest airline
C．lead in the topic of virtual travel by providing a vivid scene
D．describe what the robot “Avatar” looks like and how it works
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“‘Virtual travel’ is nothing new，of course.”可知，在第一段中提到“Avatars”，是为了通过提供一个生动的场景来引入虚拟旅行的话题。故选C。
23．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that people’s choice of virtual travel may be the result of .
A．the demand for safe travel
B．wealthy people’s growing old
C．worries about low-carbon airlines
D．the support of advanced technologies
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And the aging of wealthy societies is both slowing down physical travel and creating demand for various ways to experience the world.For the travel industry，virtual reality offers an attractive response to these trend.”可知，人们选择虚拟旅行可能是富人变老的结果。故选B。
24．By saying “far-out technologies encourage far-out claims”，the writer means . A．traditional travel business is not profitable
B．global market for virtual travels is hard to predict
C．the time is ripe for selling Avatars in term of technology
D．virtual travels will take the place of traditional ones very soon
答案B
解析词句猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，作者说这句话的意思是虚拟旅行的全球市场很难预测。故选B。
25．What’s the writer’s attitude to virtual technology?
A．Uncertain. B．Cautious.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Optimistic.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ANA’s robots may not replace its airplanes any time soon，but they’ll almost certainly be a part of travel’s high-tech future.”可知，作者对虚拟技术持乐观态度。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
Our mind is a powerful thing，which can either improve or crush our mood.Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if you’re engaging in it constantly，and you believe it，it could be destroying your sense of self-esteem. 26 What can you do? Here are some suggestions：
Live in the moment
Self-talk is so subtle that we often don’t notice its effect on our mood and belief system.Key things to notice are “if only” or “what if” statements: the former keep you stuck in the past with regret，while the latter keep you fearful of the future. 27 So stay in the present moment.
Visualize the good things
If we want to change the negative tapes playing in our heads，we have to visualize ourselves positively—that means seeing yourself non-judgmentally.How would that look? Draw a picture in your mind and expand on it.
28
Whatever you believe，you’ll experience more，and you’ll also find yourself behaving in ways that are congruent(一致的) with your beliefs.So start believing the best about yourself: act as
if you believe that you’re a valuable and worthy person.
Develop positive thoughts
29 What are your strengths? What are you good at? Keep your thoughts in the here-and-now.Instead of saying “I’m not good enough”，try saying “I am capable.I accept myself the way I am.”
Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self-limiting. 30 A．Pay attention to the cause
B．Recognize that actions always follow beliefs
C．There is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isn’t here yet.
D．In short，it brings your focus on your failures，and that gets you nowhere.
E．Negative thoughts account for bad feelings that hook you into being that you’re a failure. F．Instead of always putting yourself down，think of some things you actually like about yourself. G．Decide today to turn off the negative self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何消除自己心中的消极想法的几点建议。
26．答案D
解析根据本空前的“...but if you’re engaging in it constantly，and you believe it，it could be destroying your sense of self-esteem.”可知，D项(简而言之，它把你的注意力集中在你的失败上，这不会给你带来任何好处)符合语境。
27．答案C
解析根据本空后的“So stay in the present moment.”可知，C项(对于过去你无能为力，而未来还未到来)符合语境。
28．答案B
解析根据本段中的“...you’ll also find yourself behaving in ways that are congruent(一致的) with your beliefs.”可知，B项(认识到行动总是遵循信念)符合语境。
29．答案F
解析根据后文中的“Instead of saying ‘I’m not good enough’，try saying ‘I am capable.I accept myself the way I am.’”可知，F项(与其总是贬低自己，不如想想你真正喜欢自己的一些东西)符合语境。
30．答案G
解析根据本空前的“Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self-limiting.”可知，G项(今天就停止在脑海中用消极的思想贬低自己，开发你真正的潜能)符合语境。
（精心整理，诚意制作） 动能定理专题练习 1. 如图所示，水平传送带A 、B 间距离为10m ，以恒定的速度1m/s 匀速传动。现将一质量为0.2 kg 的小物体无初速放在A 端，物体与传送带间滑动摩擦系数为0.5，g 取10m/s 2 ，则物体由A 运动到B 的过程中传送带对物体做的功为（ ） (A)零 (B)10J (C)0.1J (D)除上面三个数值以外的某一值 2．a 、b 、c 三个物体质量分别为m 、2m 、3m ，它们在水平路面上某时刻运动的动能相等。当每个物体受到大小相同的制动力时，它们制动距离之比是（ ） A ．1∶2∶3 B ．12∶22∶32 C ．1∶1∶1 D ．3∶2∶1 3．一个物体自由下落，落下一半时间的动能与落地时动能之比为（ ） A ．1∶1 B ．1∶2 C ．1∶3 D ．1∶4 4．质量为m ，速度为υ的子弹，能射入固定的木板L 深。设阻力不变，要使子弹射入木板3L 深，子弹的速度应变为原来的（ ） A ．3倍 B ．6倍 C ．23 倍 D ．3倍 5．物体从静止开始自由下落，下落ls 和下落4s 时，物体的动能之比是_____；下落1m 和4m 时，物体的动能之比是________。 6．质量为m 的物体在水平力F 的作用下，由静止开始光滑地面运动，前进一段距离之后速度大小为v 。再前进一段距离使物体的速度增大为2v ，则（ ） A 、第二过程的动能增量是第一过程的动能增量的4倍 B 、第二过程的动能增量是第一过程的动能增量的3倍 C 、第二过程的动能增量是第一过程的动能增量的2倍 D 、第二过程的动能增量等于第一过程的动能增量 7．质量为m 的物体以初速度v 0开始沿水平地面滑行，最后停下来。在这个过程中，物体的动能增量是 8．一个小孩把6.0kg 的物体沿高0.50m ，长2.0m 的光滑斜面，由底部匀速推到顶端，小孩做功为 ，若有5.0N 阻力的存在，小孩匀速把物体推上去应做 功，物体克服阻力做的功为 ，重力做的功为 。（g m s 取102 /） 9．把质量为3.0kg 的石块，从高30m 的某处，以s m /0.5的速度向斜上方抛出，g m s 取102 /，不计空气阻力，石块落地时的速率是 ；若石块在运动过程中克服空气阻力做了73.5J 的功，石块落地时的速率又为 。 10．竖直上抛一个质量为m 的物体，物体上升的最大高度 h ，若不计空气阻力，则抛出时的初动能为 。 11．一个人站在高出地面点h 处，抛出一个质量为m 的物体，物体落地时速率为v ，人对物体做的功等于_______(不计空气阻力) 12．木块在粗糙水平面上以大小为υ的初速度开始运动，滑行s 后静止，则要使木块在此平面上滑行3s 后静止，其开始运动的初速度应为 。
（人教版）高中物理必修二（全册）精品同步练习汇总 分层训练·进阶冲关 A组基础练(建议用时20分钟) 1.(2018·泉州高一检测)关于运动的合成和分解,下列说法中正确的是 (C) A.合运动的速度大小等于分运动的速度大小之和 B.物体的两个分运动若是直线运动,则它的合运动一定是直线运动 C.合运动和分运动具有等时性 D.若合运动是曲线运动,则其分运动中至少有一个是曲线运动
2.(2018·汕头高一检测)质点在水平面内从P运动到Q,如果用v、a、F分别表示质点运动过程中的速度、加速度和受到的合外力,下列选项正确的是(D) 3.一只小船渡河,运动轨迹如图所示。水流速度各处相同且恒定不变,方向平行于河岸;小船相对于静水分别做匀加速、匀减速、匀速直线运动,船相对于静水的初速度大小均相同、方向垂直于河岸,且船在渡河过程中船头方向始终不变。由此可以确定 (D) A.船沿AD轨迹运动时,船相对于静水做匀加速直线运动 B.船沿三条不同路径渡河的时间相同 C.船沿AB轨迹渡河所用的时间最短 D.船沿AC轨迹到达对岸前瞬间的速度最大 4.如图所示,某人用绳通过定滑轮拉小船,设人匀速拉绳的速度为v0,绳某时刻与水平方向夹角为α,则小船的运动性质及此时刻小船的水平速度v x为(A)
A.小船做变速运动,v x= B.小船做变速运动,v x=v0cos α C.小船做匀速直线运动,v x= D.小船做匀速直线运动,v x=v0cosα B组提升练(建议用时20分钟) 5.(2018·汕头高一检测)质量为1 kg的物体在水平面内做曲线运动,已知该物体在互相垂直方向上两分运动的速度-时间图象分别如图所示,则下列说法正确的是(D) A.2 s末质点速度大小为7 m/s B.质点所受的合外力大小为3 N C.质点的初速度大小为5 m/s D.质点初速度的方向与合外力方向垂直 6.(多选)在杂技表演中,猴子沿竖直杆向上做初速度为零、加速度为a的匀加速运动,同时人顶着直杆以速度v0水平匀速移动,经过时间t,猴子沿杆向上移动的高度为h,人顶杆沿水平地面移动的距离为x,如图所示。关于猴子的运动情况,下列说法中正确的是( B、D )
必修二unit 1 单词练习题 2 一，单项选择题 1.It is really a pity that as many as 58 lives didn’t ________ the big high-rise(摩天大楼) fire that happened in Shanghai on 15th November, 2010. A. perform B. succeed C. remove D. survive 2. There are concerns that the beggars in the street may not ______ the freezing winter. A. survive B. live C. suffer D. experience 3. The police as well as the lost child’s parents set out, ________ the nearby forest for the boy. A. searching B. searching for C. in search of D. in search for 4. –What do you think of the sudden news? – Well, it’s quite ______ and I am quite _____ at it. A. amazed; amazed B, amazed; amazing C. amazing; amazing D. amazing; amazed 5. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____________poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. Continues 6. We should learn from the spirit of the Foolish Old Man _____ the mountains in our daily study. A. removed B. moved D. who removed D. who moved 7. There are two buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 8. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 9. The old man used ____ in front of his house and he has got used to _____like that. A. to sit; doing B. to sitting; do C. to sit; do D. to sitting; doing 10. It is not _____ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while 11. You should understand the traffic rules by now. You’ve had it ______often enough. A. explaining B, to explain C. explain D. explained 12. You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 13. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 14. With the help of the government, a large number of people _____after the terrible earthquake of May 12th, 2008. A. survived B. remained C. lived D. saved 15. Though is was dark and raining hard, the children went out _____their lost dog. A. in honor of B. in celebration of C. in danger of D. in search of 16. The young man helped the company recover, so his boss gave him an apartment _______. A. in return B. in turn C. in charge D. in fact 17. Judging from the look on his face, he didn’t think ____ of our plan. A. well B. good C. nice D. high 18. –Why was he ____from his position? --- Because he broke the rule on purpose. A. disappeared B. gone C. removed D. beaten 19. The news _______ any doubts about the company’s future. Everybody in the company was happy. A. removed B. renamed C. reminded D. replaced 2o. The princess’s hat was really fancy, which ______with gold and jewels. A. dressed B. decorated C. was dressed D. was decorated 21. There are many dictionaries here. Which one _____ you? A. is belonging to B. is belonged to C. belongs to D. belongs 22. There is no doubt _____ you will be given a ______reception.
P 蜡块的位置 v v x v y 涉及的公式： 22y x v v v += x y v v = θtan θ v v 水 v 船 θ 船v d t =m in ，θsin d x = 水 船v v = θtan d 第五章 平抛运动 §5-1 曲线运动 & 运动的合成与分解 一、曲线运动 1.定义：物体运动轨迹是曲线的运动。 2.条件：运动物体所受合力的方向跟它的速度方向不在同一直线上。 3.特点：①方向：某点瞬时速度方向就是通过这一点的曲线的切线方向。 ②运动类型：变速运动（速度方向不断变化）。 ③F 合≠0，一定有加速度a 。 ④F 合方向一定指向曲线凹侧。 ⑤F 合可以分解成水平和竖直的两个力。 4.运动描述——蜡块运动 二、运动的合成与分解 1.合运动与分运动的关 系：等时性、独立性、等效 性、矢量性。 2.互成角度的两个分运动的合运动的判断： ①两个匀速直线运动的合运动仍然是匀速直线运动。 ②速度方向不在同一直线上的两个分运动，一个是匀速直线运动，一个是匀变速直线运动，其合运动是匀变速曲线运动，a 合为分运动的加速度。 ③两初速度为0的匀加速直线运动的合运动仍然是匀加速直线运动。 ④两个初速度不为0的匀加速直线运动的合运动可能是直线运动也可能是曲线运动。当两个分运动的初速度的和速度方向与这两个分运动的和加速度在同一直线上时，合运动是匀变速直线运动，否则即为曲线运动。 三、有关“曲线运动”的两大题型 （一）小船过河问题 模型一：过河时间t 最短： 模型二：直接位移x 最短： 模型三：间接位移x 最短： [触类旁通]1．(2011 年上海卷)如图 5－4 所示，人沿平直的河岸以速度 v 行走，且通过不可伸长的绳拖船，船沿绳的方向行进．此过程中绳始终与水面平行，当绳与河岸的夹角为α时，船的速率为（ C ） 。 αsin .v A α sin . v B α cos .v C α cos .v D 解析：依题意，船沿着绳子的方向前进，即船的速度总是沿着绳子的，根据绳子两端连接的物体在绳子方向上的投影速度相同，可知人的速度 v 在绳子 方向上的分量等于船速，故 v 船＝v cos α，C 正确． 2．(2011 年江苏卷)如图 5－5 所示，甲、乙两同学从河中O 点出发，分别沿直线游到 A 点和 B 点后，立即沿原路线返回到 O 点，OA 、OB 分别与水流方向平行和垂直，且 OA ＝OB.若水流速度不变，两人在静水中游速相等，则他们所用时间 t 甲、t 乙的大小关系为(C) A ．t 甲
必修二 Unit 1 In search of the amber room Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the c ountry’s best artists about ten years to make. In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city. 寻找琥珀屋 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋, 它之所以叫这个名字,是因为建造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀,被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽, 呈黄褐色像蜜一样。屋子的设计采用当时流行的奇特风格。琥珀屋也是用金银珠宝装饰的珍品，这花费了全国最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才完成。 事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。它是为腓烈特一世的宫殿而建造。然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世, 这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不再保留它了。1716年, 他把它送给了彼得大帝。作为回馈, 沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。所以, 琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡东宫的一部分。琥珀屋长约4米, 被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。 后来、叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宫殿中。她让艺术家们给它增添了更多的装饰。1770年,这间琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间,里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。不幸的是,虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界奇迹之一,可是现在它却消失了。
高中物理学习材料 （马鸣风萧萧**整理制作） 专题小练 1．关于功率，下列说法正确的是()． A．由P＝W t可知，只要知道W和t的值就可以计算出任意时刻的功率 B．由P＝F v可知，汽车的功率一定与它的速度成正比C．由P＝F v可知，牵引力一定与速度成反比 D．当汽车P一定时，牵引力一定与速度成反比 解析公式P＝W t 所计算的应是时间t内的平均功率，而公式P＝F v涉及三个 物理量之间的关系，因此必须在一个物理量是确定不变的数值时，才能判断另外两个物理量的关系． 答案 D 2．如图3所示，重物P放在一长木板OA上，将长木板绕O端慢慢转过一个角度的过程中，重物P相对长木板始终保持静止．关于木板对重物P的摩擦力和支持力做功，下列说法正确的是()．
图3 A ．摩擦力对重物做正功 B ．摩擦力对重物做负功 C ．支持力对重物不做功 D ．支持力对重物做正功 解析 在木板转动过程中，重物P 的运动轨迹是一段圆弧， 在任一时刻，重物P 的受力情况及运动方向如图所示．由 图可见，随着木板的运动，虽然重物所受摩擦力f 和支持 力N 的大小始终在变化，但P 的运动的方向始终与它所受静摩擦力f 的方向垂直，与它所受支持力N 在一个方向上，因此，在这一过程中摩擦力f 对重物不做功，而支持力N 对重物做正功． 答案 D 3．质量为m 的汽车行驶在平直公路上，在运动中所受阻力不变．当汽车加速度 为a ，速度为v 时发动机的功率为P 1；当功率为P 2时，汽车行驶的最大速度应为 ( )． A.P 2v P 1 B.P 2v P 1－ma v C.P 1v P 2 D.P 1v P 2－ma v 解析 由牛顿第二定律P 1v －f ＝ma ，v m ＝P 2f ，
人教版高一英语必修二Unit 1课文翻译 Unit 1 Cultural relics Reading IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM 寻找琥珀屋 Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . 选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . 琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . 它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品。一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。 In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . 事实上，这个琥珀屋并不是作为礼物来建造的。It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. 它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿设计(制作)的。However, the next King
匀速圆周运动专题 从现行高中知识体系来看，匀速圆周运动上承牛顿运动定律，下接万有引力，因此在高一物理中占据极其重要的地位，同时学好这一章还将为高二的带电粒子在磁场中的运动及高三复习中解决圆周运动的综合问题打下良好的基础。 （一）基础知识 1. 匀速圆周运动的基本概念和公式 （1）线速度大小，方向沿圆周的切线方向，时刻变化； （2）角速度，恒定不变量； （3）周期与频率； （4）向心力，总指向圆心，时刻变化，向心加速度，方向与向心力相同； （5）线速度与角速度的关系为，、、、的关系为 。所以在、、中若一个量确定，其余两个量也就确定了，而还和有关。 2. 质点做匀速圆周运动的条件 （1）具有一定的速度； （2）受到的合力（向心力）大小不变且方向始终与速度方向垂直。合力（向心力）与速度始终在一个确定不变的平面内且一定指向圆心。
3. 向心力有关说明 向心力是一种效果力。任何一个力或者几个力的合力，或者某一个力的某个分力，只要其效果是使物体做圆周运动的，都可以认为是向心力。做匀速圆周运动的物体，向心力就是物体所受的合力，总是指向圆心；做变速圆周运动的物体，向心力只是物体所受合外力在沿着半径方向上的一个分力，合外力的另一个分力沿着圆周的切线，使速度大小改变，所以向心力不一定是物体所受的合外力。 （二）解决圆周运动问题的步骤 1. 确定研究对象； 2. 确定圆心、半径、向心加速度方向； 3. 进行受力分析，将各力分解到沿半径方向和垂直于半径方向； 4. 根据向心力公式，列牛顿第二定律方程求解。 基本规律：径向合外力提供向心力
（三）常见问题及处理要点 1. 皮带传动问题 例1：如图1所示，为一皮带传动装置，右轮的半径为r，a是它边缘上的一点，左侧是一轮轴，大轮的半径为4r，小轮的半径为2r，b点在小轮上，到小轮中心的距离为r，c点和d点分别位于小轮和大轮的边缘上，若在传动过程中，皮带不打滑，则（） A. a点与b点的线速度大小相等 B. a点与b点的角速度大小相等 C. a点与c点的线速度大小相等 D. a点与d点的向心加速度大小相等 图1 解析：皮带不打滑，故a、c两点线速度相等，选C；c点、b点在同一轮轴上角速度相等，半径不同，由，b点与c点线速度不相等，故a与b线速度不等，A错；同样可判定a与c角速度不同，即a与b角速度不同，B错；设a点的线速度为，则a点向 心加速度，由，，所以，故，D 正确。本题正确答案C、D。 点评：处理皮带问题的要点为：皮带（链条）上各点以及两轮边缘上各点的线速度大小相等，同一轮上各点的角速度相同。
人教版新课标必修2u n i t1课文原文和翻译w o r d格式 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION What is a fact Is it something that people believe No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some peo ple may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. 人教版新课标必修2 unit2 课文原文word格式 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
高中物理必修2(新人教版)全册复习教学案 内容简介:包括第五章曲线运动、第六章万有引力与航天和第七章机械能守恒定律，具体可以分为，知识网络、高考常考点的分析和指导和常考模型规律示例总结，是高一高三复习比较好的资料。 一、 第五章 曲线运动 (一)、知识网络 (二)重点内容讲解 1、物体的运动轨迹不是直线的运动称为曲线运动，曲线运动的条件可从两个角度来理解:(1)从运动学角度来理解；物体的加速度方向不在同一条直线上；(2)从动力学角度来理解:物体所受合力的方向与物体的速度方向不在一条直线上。曲线运动的速度方向沿曲线的切线方向，曲线运动是一种变速运动。 曲线运动是一种复杂的运动，为了简化解题过程引入了运动的合成与分解。一个复杂的运动可根据运动的实际效果按正交分解或按平行四边形定则进行分解。合运动与分运动是等效替代关系，它们具有独立性和等时性的特点。运动的合成是运动分解的逆运算，同样遵循曲线运动
平等四边形定则。 2、平抛运动 平抛运动具有水平初速度且只受重力作用，是匀变速曲线运动。研究平抛运动的方法是利用运动的合成与分解，将复杂运动分解成水平方向的匀速直线运动和竖直方向的自由落体运动。其运动规律为:(1)水平方向:a x =0，v x =v 0，x= v 0t 。 (2)竖直方向:a y =g ，v y =gt ，y= gt 2 /2。 (3)合运动:a=g ，2 2y x t v v v += ，22y x s +=。v t 与v 0方向夹角为θ，tan θ= gt/ v 0， s 与x 方向夹角为α，tan α= gt/ 2v 0。 平抛运动中飞行时间仅由抛出点与落地点的竖直高度来决定，即g h t 2= ，与v 0无关。水平射程s= v 0 g h 2。 3、匀速圆周运动、描述匀速圆周运动的几个物理量、匀速圆周运动的实例分析。 正确理解并掌握匀速圆周运动、线速度、角速度、周期和频率、向心加速度、向心力的概念及物理意义，并掌握相关公式。 圆周运动与其他知识相结合时，关键找出向心力，再利用向心力公式F=mv 2/r=mr ω2 列式求解。向心力可以由某一个力来提供，也可以由某个力的分力提供，还可以由合外力来提供，在匀速圆周运动中，合外力即为向心力，始终指向圆心，其大小不变，作用是改变线速度的方向，不改变线速度的大小，在非匀速圆周运动中，物体所受的合外力一般不指向圆心，各力沿半径方向的分量的合力指向圆心，此合力提供向心力，大小和方向均发生变化；与半径垂直的各分力的合力改变速度大小，在中学阶段不做研究。 对匀速圆周运动的实例分析应结合受力分析，找准圆心的位置，结合牛顿第二定律和向心力公式列方程求解，要注意绳类的约束条件为v 临=gR ，杆类的约束条件为v 临=0。 (三)常考模型规律示例总结 1.渡河问题分析 小船过河的问题,可以 小船渡河运动分解为他同时参与的两个运动,一是小船相对水的运动(设水不流时船的运动,即在静水中的运动),一是随水流的运动(水冲船的运动,等于水流的运动),船的实际运动为合运动. 例1:设河宽为d,船在静水中的速度为v 1,河水流速为v 2 ①船头正对河岸行驶,渡河时间最短,t 短= 1 v d ②当 v 1> v 2时,且合速度垂直于河岸,航程最短x 1=d 当 v 1< v 2时,合速度不可能垂直河岸,确定方法如下: 如图所示,以 v 2矢量末端为圆心;以 v 1矢量的大小为半径画弧,从v 2矢量的始端向圆弧作切线,则 合速度沿此切线航程最短, 由图知: sin θ=2 1v v
高一英语必修二UNIT1单词与词组练习 一．单词拼写 1. She is an able girl and she _______________（设计） all her dresses. 2. I ______________ （想象）he’s pretty happy. 3. She ______________(搬走) the painting to another wall. 4. He bought me a _______________（） diamond ring as a birthday present. 5. The great hall was _______________（装饰） with flowers. 6. Catherine works at the l______________ post o ffice. 7．He lets his daughter____________(挑选)her own birthday present in the shop. 8．On arriving at the hotel，I approached走近the r____________desk to check in. 9．He proved himself innocent by providing a lot of e____________. 10. Three children were r____________from the school for their bad behavior. 11．The gloves were____________(设计)for extremely cold climates. 12．The island is deserted，and the chance of____________of the five____________of the shipwreck is slim.(survive) 13．All of us were____________at his really____________talent（才华） for music.(amaze) 14．Don’t f_______ that you can succeed without hard work. 1.Tom bought her a watch ________ _________ _______ her help. (以答谢她的帮助) 2.那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。 The boy went ________ _____________ ________ something to eat. 3.那时候我们对刘翔比赛时摔倒的消息感到惊讶。 At that time we ________ ___________ ______ the news that Liu Xiang fell off in the games. ，he has made great progress. The book whose cover is green is _________ ___________ _____________. 1