难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句：②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说
的定语从句；③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句；
2）划出所有介词短语（位于be 动词后的除外）；
3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；
5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；
6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：
经典例题（2001 年考研完型填空第二段）
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
分析:
第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.
第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press
第三，句子的结构分析:
（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine 含同位语the Lord Chancellor ）+将来时谓语（will introduce ）
+ 宾语( a draft bill )；
( 2) that 引导的定语从句修饰draft bill, 其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments
to witnesses illegal 是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses 做making 的宾语，illegal 是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity 是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins 是孕含有一个时间状语从句( before a trial begins )的定语从句，修饰publicity 。
请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下70 个句子，并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
结构分析：句子的主干是This will be particularly true 。 si n e e引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语
从句中，that 做主语，makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语)，possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为能源的匮乏” ；in e faohi译为用…方法、方式”。
译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale
with which we are comparing our subjects provides a comvpalaidriso”n. or “ fair ”
结构分析：句子的主干是we must be sure … since弓丨导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligenee is a comparative matter。主句中又有that 弓丨导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “ valid ” or。"此宾语从句中又套ofe—个由介词with+which 引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为尺度、衡量标准”。
译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.
结构分析：句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whe n …and least effectively when nd 连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个when 引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively和and (work) least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句
what…predictedo the tests是主句的主语，work为动词做谓语。qualities在此处是可数名词，
不译为质量”而译为特征” defined不能直译为被定义为”而应译为主动语态界定译文：一般来
说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所测定或预测
的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。
4. For example，they do not compe nsate for gross social in equality，and thus do not tell how able an un derprivileged youn gster might have bee n had he grow n up un der more favorable circumsta nces.
结构分析：句子的框架是they do not compensate ；?? and thus do not tell how o-a-nd 连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句；其中had he grown up ??- (=If he had grown up…)是省略了连词if的非真实条件句。主句主语的they ；在此代指上文提到的tests; able在句中作might have been的表语。underprivileged
在此不能译为没有特权的”而译为没有地位的”或物质条件差的”。
译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻
人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。
5」t leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the con sideratio n huma ns exte nd to other huma ns ；or with no con siderati on at all.
结构分析：句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中that引导宾语从句，从句
中有either…or ?引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词be treated,其中第一个with
介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humans extend to other
huma ns；修饰the con sideration。it代指上文的观点；即如果对人权没有达成一致看法；而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。介词短语at the outset译为从一开始”动词invites应转译为使”
让"或促使” 动宾结构extend consideration to 意为给予关怀或关心” consideration不应译为考虑”。
译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅；要么完全冷漠无情。
6. But even more important ；it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the
past ；for what they were see ing were the patter ns and structures that existed 15 billi on years ago.
结构分析：句子的框架是it was the farthest that 。但-It was…that ?在本句中不是强调句型。
it是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团 (a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15
billion light-years from earth ) ;that 引导的应是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the farthest。for 引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有that引导的定语从句，修饰the patterns and structure o
译文：但更重要的是；这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象；因为他们看
到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor ，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers ，with their wives and children ，were forced into the cities in search of work ，and any work ，under any condition ，that would keep them alive.
结构分析：句子的框架是it happened that 。…it做形式主语，that引导的从句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers …were ford时间状语从句中从句主语the new factories 又带
有一个定语从句that were springing up; that would keep them alive 做work 的定语从句。spring up 意为“发生，出现，建立”。
译文：于是就出现了这样的情况：正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;他们要找活干，不管
什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。
8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
结构分析：句子的框架是…we have come to believe that °that引导的从句做believe的宾语从句;此从句中有一个that从句作the sense的同位语从句；同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的时间状语从句；此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句that en dure，修饰其先行词discoveries o by way of意为经由，通过…方法” ;reward sb. with意为以…报答，酬劳” ;enulre 此处应译为“持久，持续”不,要译为“忍受，容忍”。
译文：由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。
9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.
结构分析：句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details 。?后面紧跟省略了if 引导的虚拟条件句were it not for the fact that ，即if it were not
for the fact that …句作t the fact的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其
先行词the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting 为过去分词短语修饰the kind of measurements。simply 译为“只不过，仅仅”，不应译为“简单地”。
译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。
10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes ，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，
has many different versions ，of which the following is one.
结构分析：句子的框架是The story …has many differe nt versions 。what is now gen erally called the principle of Archimedes 为名词性从句做介词of 的宾语。namely that a solid body 作th…principle of Archimedes 的同位语;when immersed in a liquid 是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完整为when the solid body is immersed in a liquid ，修饰其主句 a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid ?是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰the
liquid , it 代指前面提到的the solid body;同时，of which the following is one 又构成先行词versions 的定语从句。displace意为排（水）” [version s译为版本”，此处指根据个人观点的（对事件等的）说法，看法”句;尾的one 代指 a version。
译文：当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多，下面的故事就是其中之一。
11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.
结构分析：句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction 。that…导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules 是so th-at结构引导的结果状语从句；在此状语从句中，除主干
结构the attract ion …was very small but became con siderable, 又有…that were more tha n a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart 做定语从句修饰先行词molecules 禾口when the molecules approached more closely 做状语从句, 修饰… but became considerable。considerable 译为“相当大（或多的）”。
译文：我们曾经假定, 分子之间存在着引力, 这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化,因而,在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的,但是分子靠得很近时, 这种引力会变得相当大。
12. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development, which means that we must, for the benefit of coming generations , leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
结构分析：句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development 。…其后紧跟着一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sustainable development。此定语从句的谓语动词means又套嵌一个that弓丨导的宾语从句，即we must…leave eno ugh environmen tal space。此宾
语从句中又有so that结构做此从句的目的状语。be enshrined in意为被深深地
珍藏（或铭记）在…”，此处转译为主动语态纳入到”。sustainable development译为可持续
发展”。
译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持续发展是指：为了子孙后代的
利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。
13. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view ，thus suppl ying moveme nts in space and time.
结构分析：句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means …,sinc e since引导的原因状语从句
修饰主句；关系代词which 引导的定语从句修饰the means to represent movement in time and space; property在此处应译为性质,特性”不译为财产资产”。
译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。绘画时
只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。
14. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes , these women have since given voice , loudly and persuasively , to what they know from experie nce that uni ess they are flue nt in the Ianguage of their adopted country , their children will never attend college or land any but the most men ial of jobs.
结构分析：句子的框架是these women have …given voice …to what they know from experience that…that从句做experie nce的同位语从句此从句中又套嵌一个uni ess引导的条件状语从
句;Once intimidated by arguments 是过去分词做状语修饰these women, 其施动者arguments
又有两个that引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。intimidated by arguments意为被论点搞得惊慌害怕”；feel at home不能直译为感到在家”，而译为感到自在”；give voice to意为表达，表露”；la nd jobs译为找到工作”。
译文：有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。
这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自
身的经验中，他们深知：如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿外，根本谈不上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。
15. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells , though now specialized , still contain exact copies of the origi nal set of gen etic in struct ions n eeded to make an en tire in dividual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.
结构分析：句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells …contain genetic
in struct ions …andean do so其中介词on力口which弓丨导定语从句修饰主语the presumpti on;
that从句为表语从句；此表语从句中contain和can do并列做all these cells的谓语；表语从句中又插入一个though引导的省略了主语all these cells的让步状语从句，补充完整为though these cells are now specialized； n eeded to make an en tire in dividual 为过去分词短语做gen etic instructions的后置定语；并列谓语can do so又有if条件句修饰。rest on意为依赖”。为避免重复do so 代替前文提至U的make an en tire in dividual 。
译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为
完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢
30. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. 解析：该句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...，explain后接的是双宾语，即explain to sb. sth.，直接宾语是that引导的从句。该从句的主干是there are not two theories for...，其中origin和evolution，universe和life都是and连接的并列名词。 词汇：unenlightened adj. 无知的，不文明的 valid adj.有效的 evolution n. 进化，发展 译文：所有（这些书）的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。 31. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，while引导的从句由两个部分组成，中间用and 连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容，做为插入语。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。it isn't clear … is injured是主句，主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的 从句，they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability是主体，之后是一个if引导的条件从句。 【词汇】interaction 相互作用 federal 联邦 regulation法规 protect…from…保护…以免 liability 责任(be liable for对…负责) 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提 出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 32. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC ——including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 【分析】主句是The debate was launched by the Government，后面是which引导的非限定性 定语从句，谓语部分比较特殊，是invited…sb. to say …破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC的解释说明。say后面是两个宾语从句，一个是what引导，一个是whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起 viewer观众
如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显著特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8类总结了最典型的70句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctr ine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的---那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后---现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。
考研英语长难句 DAY 70 英语每日长难句 Day 70 原文 ①Half a million Americans are held inpretrial1 detention2 at any given time, most of them for nonviolent crimes, many of them innocent3. ②For too long, one of the reasons so many have been locked up awaiting their day in court has been money—or the lack thereof4—as defendants5’ capability to post bail6 has determined whether theylanguish7 behind bars8 before their guilt or innocence is judged.③People can lose their jobs, homes and families. ④The temptation9 is strong to admit guilt simply to escape the misery10 ofrotting11 in a lockup12 while the rest of one’s life crumbles13. ⑤Charged with identical14 crimes, the wealthy need not face that choice. 翻译 ①在任何时候，美国都有50万人处于审前羁押中，其中大多数是非暴力罪犯，很多还是清白之身。②长久以来，这么多人被关押起来等待开庭的原因之一是钱——或者说是缺钱——因为支付保释金的能力决定了被告是否会在宣判之前身陷囹圄。③人们可能会因此丢掉饭碗，流离失所，家庭破碎。④仅仅是为了免受这一段牢狱之苦，人们会禁不住选择低头认罪，从而余生凄凉。⑤富人若被指控同样的罪行，则无需面对这种选择。 单词 pretrial[?pri??tra??l] adj. 审判前的 detention[d??ten?n] n. 拘留，监禁 innocent[??n?snt] adj. 无罪的，清白的 thereof[?ee?r??v] adv. 在其中 defendant[d??fend?nt] n. 被告人 post bail 交付保释金 languish[?l??ɡw??] v. 长期受苦，受煎熬 behind bars在狱中，在牢里 temptation[temp?te??n] n. 引诱，诱惑 misery[?m?z?ri] n. 痛苦，悲惨 rot[r?t] v. (使)腐烂，腐败 lockup[?l?k?p] n. 拘留所；监狱 crumble[?kr?mbl] v. (开始渐渐)衰退；崩溃 identical[a??dent?kl] adj. 完全同样的，相同的 长难句解析 For too long, one of the reasons so many have been locked up awaiting their day in court has been money—or the lack thereof—as defendants’ capability to
2012年考研英语长难句翻译六大技巧 2012年的英语考研大纲与2011年的相比没有大变化。阅读理解部分的翻译仍是一块分量很重的考察内容。其实掌握了翻译的解题技巧，翻译就成了最好拿分的一个题型。因为翻译题型主要考察两点：词汇和长难句。而翻译题型的词汇一般是认识的，最主要的一点就是碰到最难翻译的长句该怎么办？ 从近些年的真题中，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考察的比重加大。这个体现在各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。所以想要抓住获得高分的“核心竞争力”就要着重提高对文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能在考研英语中取得高分。万学海文提醒大家要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句，这样翻译做起来就容易得分多了。 在英语长句的翻译过程中，下面六个技巧可以发挥很大的作用： (1) 逆序法 英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。 例如： It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice。
如何掌握长难句复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显着特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主 脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8 类总结了最典型的70 句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy —far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术--- 这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 have discovered ，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress ，that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life ”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting ” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status ． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline —after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ' 80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift ，in Britain
历届高考英语长难句100 句精选 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难， 包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理 工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的 人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求 主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E 篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身， 印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句 状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分，几乎涉及到每一个长难句，所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句的翻译相对简单，顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了，但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。 首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下，引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词，但有时不必翻译，因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略，有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。 2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，只有偶尔才位于主句之后。 这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题，下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。 (一)时间状语从句的翻译 1、译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语 例：When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on. 当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。 由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异，通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言，汉语句子较少使用关联词。 2、翻译成固定(常规)句型 一般像由hardly (scarcely)…. when (before)…no sooner…than…as soon as …the moment(the instant )…just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含"刚(一)……就……"这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。 例：计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. As soon as she heard the news, she fainted. 3、译成并列分句 例：I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。 4、转译为其他状语从句 英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如 when, before, until 等)引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
1. For example adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含一 个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做…… He’s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It’s very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The com pany is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It’s likely that the company will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through but could not make sense of it. 我们我们把句子看了一遍但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me but I don’t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the information we need. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，谈 论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues and the younger they become aware of them the more likely they are to become responsible forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 【句式翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为 有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制 性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。 【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触 We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。 We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.
掌门1对1教育高中英语 历年高考英语长难句精选100句(51-75) 51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.(NMET2003.31) 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。 简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。 52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.(NMET2003.34) 这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。 简析：含主谓倒装句。 53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.(NMET2003) 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 简析：含比较级句型。 54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 —and Ed was leading.(NMET2003) 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。 简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。 55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered
1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Science s to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the Whi te House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critica l...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。t hat主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意为“关于，就……而论”。 3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. T ext 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中，insisting是现在分词作定语，相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中，还包含until引导的时间状语从句。 1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in
历届高考英语长难句精选100句 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique. （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET200 3.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇） 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇） 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.（NMET2003.D) 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.（NMET2003.D篇） 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）。 8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake! （NMET2003.C
2019考研英语：长难句解析（78）_毙考题 The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. 译文：Curtis博士求助的公司保洁、高露洁和联合利华已经投资了数亿美元用于寻找可加入消费者生活中的微妙暗示，企业可以利用这些暗示来推行新的生活习惯。 分析：本句的主干部分为The companies had invested hundreds of millions of dollars 。其中主语为The companies，后接that引导的定语从句对其进行修饰，两个破折号中间的部分是主语的同位语，对主语做具体说明。谓语为had invested，后接宾语hundreds of millions of dollars;宾语后的短语finding 做目的状语，补充说明had invested hundreds of millions of dollars的目的;而介宾短语in lives做后置定语修饰前面的cues，紧随其后的that引导的定语从句同样也修饰限定cues。本句的难点在于主谓之间相隔较远，不利于句子理解。 词汇指南 invest [in vest](v.)投(资);投入(时间、金钱等)(CET-4)(in-里，vest-词根,衣服所谓投资就是把自己的钱投进别人的衣服口袋里，让别人拿着这些钱去为你挣更多的钱后引申为投资,入股;投入(时间、金钱等) 。) Invest-投资 2个派生词： ●investment [in vestm?nt](n.)投资;投资额;(精力、时间等的)投入(CET-4)(2007年-阅读4、2008年-阅读2、2010年-阅读1、2014年-阅读3)(ment-名词后缀) 考点搭配： investment return 投资回报(2007年-阅读3)
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作