Lesson 1 International Business
（国际商务）
★International business refers to transaction between parties（当事人、参与者）from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas （关税区）of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.
International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings(下列各项) are some major differences between the two:
★ 1. The countries involved often have different legal systems（不同的法律体系）, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with（遵照、遵
从） the foreign law.
2. Different countries usually use different currencies（不同的货币） and the parties will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards（关于） conversion （兑换） etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.
3.
including language, customs,
traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business. 4. Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.
With the development of
economic globalization（经济全球化）,few people or companies can completely stay away from（置身于外）international business. Some knowledge in this respect（方面） is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement（个人进步）.
International business first took the form of commodity trade（商品贸易）,.（即）exporting and
importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale(消费或转售) in another. This form of trade is also referred to as（被称为）visible trade（有形贸易）. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting（咨询）, information（信息业） etc. gradually became more and
more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade（无形贸易）. Today, the contribution of service industries(服务业) of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products（国内生产总值）and account for(占…) an increasing proportion of world trade. ★Another important form of international business is supplying capital by
residents of one country to another, known as
can be classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments（外国直接投资）or FDI for short is made for returns（回报）through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country(东道国).The host country is a foreign
country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of investor is located is called the home country（投资国）. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment（证券投资）, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets（金融资产） for a purpose other than controlling.Such financial assets may be stocks（股票）, bonds（债券）or certificate of deposit（大
额存单）. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds（股本或股份）.★Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period（到期时间）of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25
thousand US dollars.
★Besides trade and investment, international licensing（国际许可）and franchising（特许经营） are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases（出租）the right to use its intellectual property（知识产权） to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks （商标）, brand names（品牌）,
patents（专利）, copyrights （版权） or technology（技术）. Firms choose licensing is because they don’t have to make cash payment to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty（知识产权/专利使用费）. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation(当地经营优势) without any obligation in ownership or management. The
use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty（关税） and non-tariff barriers（非关税壁垒） on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing agreement in countries with weak intellectual property protection（知识产权保护）since the licensor（许可方）may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement（执行许可协议）.
Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee （特许使用方）, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser（特许授予方） who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos（公司标志）, and operating techniques（经营技巧） for royalty（特许使用费）. In comparison with the
relation between the licenser（许可授予方） and the licensee（许可使用方）, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.
★The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business
with established（已获认可的）products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract（管理合同）, contract manufacturing （生产合同）, and turnkey project（“交钥匙”工程）. Under a management contract, one company offers
managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment（固定费用） or a percentage of the relevant business volume(相关业务总价值). ★Sometimes bonuses（分红）based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized (注明) in management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain
industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical （切实可行的）choices enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets. By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain（价值链）, e. g. marketing, while contracting
with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages(当地优势) from production in host counties. ★However, loss of control over the producing process may give rise to（产生） problems in respect of quality and time of delivery （交货期）.
For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at a fixed total price or on a cost plus basis（在实际
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
Lesson10 International Payment Generally speaking, it is not very difficult for buyers and sellers in domestic trade to get to know each other’s financial status and other information, and payment is likely to be made in a straightforward manner, say（for example）by remittance or by debiting the debtor’s account. In international trade, however, things are far more complicated. Purchase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather
difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and creditworthiness (资信；信誉). Therefore, mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract. For the exporter there is the risk of buyer default（不按期付款）. The importer might fail to pay in full for the goods. He might go bankrupt.
全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷 2011年5月 Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions:Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve heard. L/C is a written by a bank given to the exporter at the request of the importer to effect up to a stated sum of money within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents. L/C is the most generally used method of payment in the of international trade. It is reliable and safe because it gives protection to both the exporter and the importer. The exporter is assured of payment once he has shipped the goods as stipulated in the and the importer is assured of getting the right goods once he has made payment accordingly. Section B Directions: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. . 2. . 3. . 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共13页）
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
《国际商务英语》期中考试题 i. Put the following from English into Chinese or vice versa. 1. terms of payment 付款方法 6.预付运费Prepaid freight 2. enclosed please find 随函寄上7.报CIF伦敦价格Quote CIF London price 3. by separate post 另行邮寄8.即期信用证Sight L／C 4. profit margin 边际利润9. 以我方为受益人in our favor 5. quantity discounts 数量折扣10. 装船通知Shipping advice ii. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1.Your company has been introduced to us by the Bank of China as prospective buyers of electronic products. As we deal in the items, we shall be pleased to establish direct business relations with you. 中国银行向我们介绍贵公司是有希望的电子产品买主。由于我们经营该商品，我们很乐意与你建立直接的贸易关系。 2.In reply to your letter dated March 28, we enclose our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference. 兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录，供你方参考。 3.We are interested in your “Red Flower” Brand Varnish(清漆), but regret to say that your price is about 8% higher than that of other suppliers for similar quality products. 我们对你方的“红色的花”牌清漆(清漆)感兴趣,但很遗憾你方的价格高于其他供应商质量相同的产品价格8%左右。 iii. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1200打，即各种型号各400打。 If your prices are competitive,we are willing to place our first order for 1200 dozen,ie,400 dozen of each type. 2.我们的产品在世界市场上十分畅销，以其优良的品质和合理的价格而值得介绍。 Our products are popular in the world market, with its excellent quality and reasonable price worth introduction. 3.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 Please quote us your best CIF Shanghai price, indicating the earliest time of shipment. 4.最近对我们的山地自行车需求量很大，我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。 recently, mountain bike great demand for us, there is no guarantee that new orders on June 30 before delivery. 5.我们已决定委托你方在中国独家代理我方的玩具产品。 We've decided to entrust you with the sole agent of our toy products in China iv. Translate the following letter into English. XX 先生： 我们感谢你方1月2日的询盘，并高兴地获悉你方愿与我们建立贸易关系。按照要求，现向你方报盘如下，以你方答复于20XX年11月7日前到达此地为有效。 规格：蝴蝶牌浴巾(Turkish towel) NJ011 数量：20000打 价格：纽约到岸价含佣金5%，每打22美圆。 包装：每盒一打，每一纸板箱20盒。
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售 gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套 portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营 franchising 特许经营trademark 商标 advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同 expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索 BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的 GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织 infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力 multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议 cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织 globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元 素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩 adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类 employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并 purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部 international economic environment国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进 步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段 delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构； 附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义 services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规 则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的 endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的， 新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨 重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主 义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价 specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇 signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率 表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的 meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内 河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险 vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民 remittance 汇款undertake 承担 climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各 自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的 interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语； 交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例 litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款 addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为 negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的， 必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产 场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程， 出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的 set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易 会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地 indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无 效的sales contract 销售合同 sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力 arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象 terminology 术语generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相 hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明 competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机 intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时 发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分 verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆 作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易 consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
Lesson 21 WTO and China After 15 long years of hard negotiations, China became a formal member of the World Trade Organization on Dec. 11, 2001. People may wonder whether it pays(值得be worthwhile) for China to devote such a lot of time and efforts for accession to加入the organization. So some knowledge about the WTO as well as the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses to China is
quite necessary. The origin of the WTO can be traced back to(date back) the early post World War II years. To guard against the threat of trade wars, major trading nations sent their representatives to Havana in 1947 to create an International Trade Organization for the promotion of international trade. That objective was, however, not realized for controversy（争议）over the extensiveness of the powers of the proposed ITO（拟成立的ITO）（这一目标由于对拟成立的ITO
国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7717312059.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 国际商务英语试卷（一） 课程代码：05844 I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1.International business 2.GDP 3.Free trade area 4.Multinational corporation 5.Specialization 6.specific duty 7.roll on roll off 8.EDI 9.article number 10.auction Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%） 11.返倾销 12.最惠国条款 13.贴现 14.充分就业 15.保兑信用证 16.零库存 17.代位，取代 18.保护主义 19.免除条款（豁免条款） 20.证券交易所 Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%） 21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary 22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern 23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles 24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government 25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordance with the law. 26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement 27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings 28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation of
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题 - Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese (10%) 1. income distribution of a market 2. set forth 3. clean credit光票信用证 4. equity investment 5. akin to 6. endowment of nature自然赋予 7. all risks一切险 8. non-trade settlement 9. standing committee 10. comparative advantage比较优势 Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English(10%) 11.自由贸易区free trade area 12. 进口税import duty 13. 开证银行opening bank 14. 中间产品 15. 对外直接投资foreign direct investment 16. 技术转让 17. 特别提款权 18. 制成品 19. 外汇短缺 20. 配额限制 Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right(10%) 21. productive a. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.
14. I.1.Get letters, documents and packages delivered overnight. 2.Handle nearly 2 million packages and documents per day 3.Own a large number of airplanes, trucks and vans for handling delivery 4.Ensure that most of its flights arrive within fifteen minutes of schedule https://www.doczj.com/doc/7717312059.html,e a combination of direct services and independent contractors for international deliveries 6.Promote the company's record of efficiency and on time delivery 7.Face intense competition from electronic mail 8.Businesses need to be able to communicate quickly with employees around the world 9.Offer international service to over one hundred countries 10.An adverse impact which losses in international operations have on a firm's earnings 11.Increase a company's fixed costs of international operations 12.Experience poor sales performance due to very stiff competition 13.Have difficulty in building a global infrastructure to support its operations 14.Try to improve its services through more sophisticated computers II.1.Businesses and individuals in the United States and the whole world benefit greatly from the overnight letter,document and package delivery service handled by Federal Express. 2.Federal Express has up-do-date means of transport,highly efficient service centers and facilities, and loyal and hardworking employees, which ensures the quick and punctual fulfillment of its delivery service. 3.To promote its delivery service, Federal Express motivates its employees by offering them excellent training and compensation, so that they have very high level of service and efficiency. 4.Despite its remarkable business performance, Federal Express is faced with fierce competition from its rivals in its business operations, with the result of a considerable loss of its market share. 5.Although it has experienced many difficulties and setbacks in its business operations, Federal Express is convinced that, by improving its service through more sophisticated computers and customer relations, it can certainly succeed in attaining further overseas expansion. Revision Exercises(LL.8-14) I.1.in 2.in 3.with 4.for 5.to 6.of 7.on 8.in 9.to 10.with 11.on 12.with 13.from 14.of 15.by 16.in II.1.along with 2.importers 3.ensure 4.advertise 5.establishing 6.existing 7.blueprint 8.in contrast with 9.in spite of 10.was subject to 11.were aimed at 12.are likely to 13.prevailing 14.affect 15.regardless of 16.extent III.1.the government will provide them with preferential loans and relatively