一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience.
Open Table app
Open Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits.
Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app
Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free.
HappyCow app
Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world.
LocalEats app
Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar.
Where Chefs Eat app
"Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app.
（1）What do the first two apps have in common?
A. They are both free of charge.
B. Discounts are provided on both.
C. Best wines can be reserved on both.
D. They tell you where to have the best food.（2）Who is HappyCow app probably designed for?
A. Friends drinking wines together.
B. Chefs enjoying meat very much.
C. People who want to go on a diet.
D. Those often eating in a restaurant.
（3）Where can we most likely see the text?
A. On a tourism guide.
B. In a cellphone application introduction.
C. In a students' textbook.
D. On a scientific discovery TV program.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五个帮助他们了解健康饮食的应用软件。（1）考查细节理解。根据Open Table app部分中的”It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine.“这是一项免费服务，根据用户想要用餐的地点和时间向用户显示餐厅；以及Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app 部分中的”Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free.“Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing应用程序是免费的。可知前两个应用程序的共同点是他们都是免费的。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据HappyCow app部分中的”Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups.“素食者不吃肉。严格素食者不吃任何动物产品。而快乐奶牛应用软件就是为这两个群体制作的。，可知HappyCow软件是为想要节食的人设计的。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience."现在，有一些应用程序可以帮助人们了解他们吃的食物，从而改善他们的健康和外出就餐的体验。以及文章主要介绍了五个应用软件，故最有可能在手机应用介绍看到本文。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won't choke to death. It's debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it's one of those things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).
If you jump over to Bic's website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC? pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk."
That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we'd share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.
The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.
（1）Why does the author mention the case of Yellowstone?
A. To list the facts.
B. To prove his point.
C. To compare the two situations.
D. To emphasize the importance of safety.
（2）What does the underlined word "obstructing" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Block.
B. Open.
C. Transform.
D. Narrow.
（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out?
A. To work out their lifespan.
B. To assure their good quality.
C. To prove some random facts.
D. To compare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text?
A. Critical.
B. Acid.
C. Humorous.
D. Serious.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。
（1）考查推理判断。毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. "和第三段中的"That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face
masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A. To test the flying height and speed of them.
B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登
山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask "Why?" before grabbing the apple pie.
So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to "Think about five things for which you're grateful every day for a week!" my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.
I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our school's Psychological Services Clinic. "What's with the gratitude thing?" I asked. You don't ask an academic question－even a simple one unless you're prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. That's when I first heard the term "positive psychology". The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. "Kind of like training the brain to focus on joy," my friend Heidi explained. "It's only a week," she urged. "Try it." I did. And guess what? It worked.
Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldn't get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.
Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I could speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.
And all it took was a little gratitude.
（1）What's the author's attitude toward the student with desserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions?
A. Because she thought it wasn't worth the effort.
B. Because she didn't like expressing thanks often.
C. Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.
D. Because she could do five things every day easily.
（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do?
A. Be grateful to her wonderful husband.
B. Be thankful for things but not people.
C. Be a great cook and put her family first.
D. Be specific about what she's thankful for.
（4）What's the best title for the text?
A. Don't Be Bothered by Small Things
B. We Can Change Everything If We Want
C. Practicing Gratitude Changed My Life
D. Being Grateful to One Good Person
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and a sk ‘Why?’ before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求
充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.
Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was "cuddy wifter", which means a left-handed person.
Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.
These include Hawaii's "hammajang", which means "in a disorderly state". Another is the word for a swimming costume, "dookers" or "duckers". It is used in Scotland.
The OED also might include the word "frog-drowner", which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain. Another possibility is "brick". It means "very cold" to people in New Jersey and New York City.
The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as "agley". It might also be called "catawampous" or "ahoo".
"The OED aims to cover all types of English," Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.
The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. "We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include," said Maier.
（1）Which local word of the following most likely comes from one region of the United Kingdom?
A. Hammajang.
B. Dookers.
C. Catawampous.
D. Frog-drowner.（2）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words.
B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words.
C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form.
D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.
（3）Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A. It's time to track where the local words come from.
B. The same English words can be used to say different things.
C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.
D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.
（4）Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from?
A.Entertainment.
B.Sports.
C.Culture.
D.Health.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’ or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers 或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down”Maier说识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
I'm a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories.
I grew up reading British and American children's books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this: It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didn't finish my dinner, my mother would say，"Finish your food! Don't you know? People like Fide's family have nothing." So I felt enormous pity for Fide's family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them.
Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe.
Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.
So what if my mother had told us that Fide's family was poor and hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roommate knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget?
My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state schools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories.
Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.
（1）What is probably people's first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality?
A. She mainly eats apples and mangoes.
B. She may not speak fluent English.
C. She comes from a place free of catastrophes.
D. She prefers stories based on foreign characters.
（2）The underlined phrase "a mental shift" in Paragraph 2 refers to the writer's____.
A. discovery of African books with characters of her skin color
B. acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua Achebe
C. realization that not only foreign characters exist in literature
D. change that she started to write about things she recognized
（3）How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
（4）The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story____.
A. matters in keeping listeners well informed
B. tends to convey a prejudiced idea to listeners
C. gets increasingly popular among story tellers
D. fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners
（5）The writer lists many "what ifs" in Paragraph 6 to____.
A. emphasize our differences rather than similarities
B. indicate the way that stories are used to break dignity
C. show the hardship of recognizing our equal humanity
D. stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories
（6）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The danger of the single story
B. The importance of telling stories
C. The single stories that matter
D. Stories that can repair broken dignity
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
（5）D
（6）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲了几个关于个人的故事，通过故事告诫我们：如果我们只去聆听关于一个人、一个国家的单一故事，将会导致非常严重的误解。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，作者实际上来自尼日利亚，经常吃芒果，不讨论
天气，有着巧克力肤色。可知至少不是说英语的欧洲人；再根据第四段，作者的美国舍友
对她能说一口流利英语表示疑惑可知，因此可以推断出人们对尼日利亚的人第一印象可能
是认为他们不会说流利的英语。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color
of chocolate, could also exist in literature.“可知作者的思想转变是她意识到像她这样有着巧克
力肤色的女生也是可以在文学作品中有一席之地的。即不仅仅外国人物才存在文学作品
中。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲了作者自己意识到文学作品中人物不限英美，作者发现Fide一家贫穷却努力，作者的室友对尼日利亚的刻板印象。即一共三个她的个人经历。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，不论是作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友，不同的人们有着不同的single story，实际上可以理解为“一面之词”“刻板印象”，但其实又不符合事实，即会给听众传达有偏见的想法，故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。作者的一系列假设，其实是更好的做法。兼听则明偏信则暗。我们不应该听信一面之词，应该去多角度的均衡的了解。故选D。
（6）考查主旨大意。全文讲述了作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友的偏见，以及作者对此的看法。认为一面之词实际上是很不好的。在并没有亲自去观察探索也没有去多方面了解之前，人们就接受了single story。但其实往往并不符合事实。因此最好的标题是一面之词的危险。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
If you follow these insider tips, your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.
Vatican Museums: Vatican City
The Vatican draws more than five million people each year, and queues can reach four hours during peak season. Christie Hudson, senior communications manager at Expedia, recommends, choosing a skip-the-1ine tour. "This not only lets you avoid the ticket counter, but also includes the use of a private partner entrance." Extra time to visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!
Bamboo Forest: Kyoto, Japan
Bamboo Forest is the most worthy sight in Kyoto. If you're longing to enjoy the pathways and take pictures in total quietness, Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible—think 7 a.m. if you're up for it. Don't miss these hidden treasures you can only witness in Japan.
Chichen Itza: Yucatán, Mexico
Home to E1 Castillo and the Temple of the Warriors, Chichen Itza is a must-see. Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public. Led by an archaeologist guide, it's full of fascinating insights and facts—without tons of pack-wearing tourists.
Louvre Museum: Paris, France
The Louvre is one of the most popular museums on the planet. If waiting around in line to get in isn't the way you prefer to spend your time in Paris, consider purchasing a reserved ticket. This will give you entry to the pyramid within a half-hour window. The Louvre is also open until 9:45 p. m. on Wednesdays and Fridays, if you're up for some late-night art visits.
（1）What is recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?
A. Queuing four hours.
B. Jumping the waiting line.
C. Taking a skip-the-line tour.
D. Visiting the Sistine Chapel.
（2）Which of the following are available for early tourists to avoid the rush?
A. Vatican Museums and Bamboo Forest.
B. Chichen Itza and Bamboo Forest.
C. Bamboo Forest and Louvre Museum.
D. Chichen Itza and Louvre Museum.
（3）Who might this passage be intended for?
A. Visitors interested in museums.
B. Guides at the tourist attractions.
C. People at the ticket counter.
D. Tourists to beat the rush.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游景点，提供给“赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Vatican Museums:Vatican City部分中的“The Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queues can reach four hours during peak season.Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends，choosing a skip-the-1ine tour.”可知，Christie Hudson在Vatican Museums中推荐aking a skip-the-line tour.故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据Bamboo Forest:Kyoto，Japan部分中的“...Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible和Chichen Itza:Yucatán，Mexico中Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public.”可知，为避免高峰Chichen Itza 和Bamboo Forest是为早期游客提供的。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段“If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attracti ons.”可知，这篇文章可能是写给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained
Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."
Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health scores with their boyhood -activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."
（1）What do we know about John?
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
C. He received little love from his family.
D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
（2）Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents' expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
（3）Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________.
A. recording the boys' effort in school
B. evaluating the men's mental health
C. comparing different sets of scores
D. measuring the men's problem solving ability （4）What does the underlined word "sharp" probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react.
B. Having a thin edge.
C. Clear and definite.
D. Sudden and rapid.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更有成效。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He had more job satisf action, a better marriage and was healthier.”他的工作满意度更高，婚姻更美满，身体也更健康。可知，约翰享受他的事业和婚姻，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"’Boys who worked in the home or community gained
Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.’And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.‘"发现这一现象的心理学家Vaillant说:"在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的成员。""因为他们对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们感觉良好。"可推知，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's menta l-health scores with their boyhood -activity scores.”可知Vaillant的研究小组通过比较不同的分数得到了他们的发现，故选C。
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.”那些在童年时期参加过最多活动的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的不可能性是其他人的16倍。可知，The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. 的意思是男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的明确。"sharp"的意思明确，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．（2019?全国Ⅱ）阅读理解
“You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on … At this po int the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.
However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
（2）What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage team work .
B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She'll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
（4）Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙，在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务，从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
（1）推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段，如果没有其他人自愿的话，我会去做的。”在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的，所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C。
（2）词义猜测题。A、鼓励团队协作；B、诉诸情感；C、促进良好行为；D、提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading（她也许只是需要一点儿劝说），所以“我又尝试了并……”，后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长，故答案为B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way，“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间，发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款，并最终成为了团队中一个成员”，可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手，让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。故答案为D。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后的provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good 可知因为志愿工作带来快乐，故答案为B。
【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题，利用关键词在文中定位，认真分析。
10．（2019?天津）阅读理解
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a
losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）"commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
（1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
（1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubl es at first but is eventually relaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep
can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.
In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those "fortunate" few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.
The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation(适度).
You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.
For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived(睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.（1）Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?
A. Few people have time to sleep too much.
B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm.
C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern.
D. People's health has nothing to do with it.
（2）What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Those leading a relaxing life. B. Those getting too much sleep.
C. Those with less time to sleep.
D. Those with no sleep problems.
（3）What can be learned from the 2019 study?
A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people.
B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.
C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.
D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk.
（4）What is the main idea of the text?
A. It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.
B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.
C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.
D. People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.“可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.”这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择；以及第二段中的“…they may not be so lucky after all. In fact，they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk“他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超过8小时的人有更大的健康风险，可推断，划线部分指代“睡眠时间太长的人”。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.“研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much.“可知本文介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．（2019?浙江）阅读理解
Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, "said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles," Bridges said. "There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to
show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
"After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. "Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
（1）What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
（2）What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.（3）Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people's morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。
（1）词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard 可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为C。
（2）推理判断题。题干中的bride是Tyler Bridges 举的一个例子，为了证明前一句People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中
Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。
【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。
13．阅读理解
As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate (培养) green hands to be qualified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I worked for John W. Rogers.
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淀 D．④和⑤对比，用斐林试剂检测；水浴加热下④和⑤中均出现砖红色沉淀 5．下列有关构成细胞的化合物种类和鉴别方法的叙述中，正确的是（） A．细胞中的糖类分为单糖、二糖和多糖，可以用斐林试剂鉴别 B．细胞中的脂质都能被苏丹Ⅳ染成红色，都只含C、H、O三种元素。 C．细胞内蛋白质种类众多，但都能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应 D．细胞的遗传物质是DNA或RNA，用甲基绿吡罗红混合染色剂可以鉴定其分布 6．下图甲表示水稻的叶肉细胞在光照强度分别为a、b、c、d时，单位时间内CO2释放量和O2产生总量的变化。图乙表示水稻CO2吸收速率与光照强度的关系。有关说法错误的是（） A．图甲中，光照强度为b时，光合作用速率等于呼吸作用速率 B．图甲中，光照强度为d时，单位时间内细胞从周围吸收2个单位的CO2 C．图甲中的c和图乙中的f点对应 D．图乙中，eg段限制光合作用速率的外因主要是光照强度 7．下列关于细胞膜的结构和功能的叙述中，错误 ．．的是 A．多细胞生物细胞间的信息交流大多与细胞膜的结构和功能有关 B．多细胞生物的生存有赖于细胞膜的物质运输、能量转换和信息交流 C．生物膜系统中，只有细胞膜具有选择透过性 D．功能越复杂的细胞膜，蛋白质的种类和数量越多 8．下列关于细胞中的元素和化合物的叙述，错误的是 A．血红蛋白中含有微量元素Fe B．细胞鲜重中的O含量最高 C．细胞中的N只存在于蛋白质和核酸中 D．淀粉和脂肪都只含有C、O、H 9．下图为氨基酸和Na+进出肾小管上皮细胞的示意图，下表选项中正确的是
2020-2021 武清区杨村第一中学高三年级上学期 10 月份月考物理试卷 一．选择题（共5 小题） 1.下列说法中正确的是（） A．大小分别为5N 和9N 的两个力的合力不可能为6N B．研究地球的自转时，可把地球当作质点 C．乒乓球可以快速抽杀，是因为乒乓球的惯性小的缘故 D．滑动摩擦力的方向总是和物体的运动方向相反 2.甲、乙两车在相邻的相互平行的平直公路上从同一地点沿同一方向做直线运动，它们的 v﹣t 图象如图所示，下列判断正确的是（） A．乙车启动时，甲车在其前方100m 处 B．甲乙相遇前，两车的最大距离为75m C．甲车启动35s 时，乙车追上甲车 D．甲乙两车能相遇两次 3.如图所示，用绳OA、OB 和OC 吊着重物P 处于静止状态，其中绳OA 水平，绳OB 与水平方向成θ角．现用水平向右的力 F 缓慢地将重物P 拉起，用F A和F B分别表示绳OA 和绳OB 的张力，则（） A．F A、F B、F 均增大B．F A增大，F B不变，F 增大 C．F A不变，F B减小，F 增大D．F A增大，F B减小，F 减小 4.关于牛顿运动定律，下列说法正确的有（） A.米、千克、牛顿都属于国际单位制中的基本单位
B.牛顿第一定律是牛顿第二定律在合外力为零的情况下的一个特例
C.在“婵娥三号”卫星中的物体处于完全失重状态，所以没有惯性 D.作用力和反作用力总是大小相等、方向相反，所以作用效果不可以抵消 5.在距离地面足够高的地方，竖直向上抛出一个小球A，初速度大小为2v，同时从该高 度处自由落下另一小球B．不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g，则当小球 A 落回抛出点时，小球B 下落的高度为（） 二．多选题（共3 小题） 6.如图甲所示，一质量为M 的长木板静置于光滑水平面上，其上放置一质量为m 的小滑 块。木板受到水平拉力 F 作用时，用传感器测出长木板的加速度 a 与水平拉力 F 的关系如图乙所示，重力加速度g＝10m/s2，下列说法正确的是（） A.小滑块的质量m＝2 kg B.小滑块与长木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.1 C.当水平拉力F＝7 N 时，长木板的加速度大小为3 m/s2 D.当水平拉力F 增大时，小滑块的加速度一定增大 7.如图所示，倾斜传递带与水平面的夹角为30°，传送带沿逆时针方向匀速转动，速率为 5m/s，一个质量为1kg 的小煤块与传送带间的动摩擦因数为，将小煤块无初速度地放在传送带的顶端，已知小煤块速度与传送带的速度相同时，传送带瞬间停止运动，若小煤块恰好能运动到传送带底端，重力加速度g＝10m/s2，则下列说法正确的是（） A．小煤块从传送带顶端运动到底端所用的时间为0.8s B．小煤块相对传送带运动位移大小为5m
天津市武清区杨村第三中学2020学年高一语文下学期第一次月考试题 一、基础知识选择题（22分） 1．下列加点字注音正确的一项是（） A．蓼．蓝（liǎo）逡．巡（qūn）弃甲曳．兵（yè）丢三落．四（luò） B．中．绳（zhòng）惊诧．（chà）锲．而不舍（qì）心广体胖．（pàng） C．黔．首（qián）威吓．（hè）不省．人事（xǐng）抛头露．面（lòu） D．供．养（gōng）经传．（zhuàn）贻．笑大方（yí）间．不容发（jiān） 2．下列各组词语中，没有错误字的一组是（） A．貌和神离奋发图强好高骛远知人论事 B．泾渭分明计日程功两全齐美曲指可数 C．墨守成规轻歌曼舞黔驴技穷针砭时弊 D．开源节流迫不急待淋漓尽至人才辈出 3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是 ①有些恒星可能被数百万个没有生物的由岩石构成的小星球所包围，这些小星球是在它们________的某个初级阶段冻结而成的行星系。 ②宇宙汪洋茫无际涯，范围之大，难以想象，而这个星球仅是其中之一，完全________于宇宙汪洋之中，它的存在可能仅仅对我们有意义。 ③________我们的夙望可能会冒犯“天神”，________我相信我们并不是在做无谓的空想。A．演化湮没虽然/但是 B．演变淹没即使/但是 C．演变湮没即使/但是 D．演化淹没虽然/但是 4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（） A．具有自动生产、智能识别和系统操控等功能的工业机器人，正成为国内不少装备企业提高生产效率，解决人力成本上涨的利器。 B．如何引导有运动天赋的青少年热爱并且投身于滑雪运动，从而培养这些青少年对滑雪运动的兴趣，是北京冬奥申委正在关注的问题。 C．要深化对南极地区海冰融化现象和南极上空大气运动过程的认识，就必须扩大科学考察区
当初升的朝霞绽放着耀眼的灿烂，清爽的晨风摇曳着曼妙的舞姿，当勤劳的人们又开始一天的奔波忙碌时，在古老的大运河与繁忙的京津公路东岸，在邮政大楼和“天房四季”小区（原天津师大杨村校区）的身边，有一所书声朗朗、生机盎然的学校，这就是天津市武清区杨村第四小学。 一、办学性质 天津市武清区杨村第四小学是武清区一所全日制国办小学，也是全区第一所国办小学。学校位于武清区雍阳东道5号，占地面积16859平方米，建筑面积6567平方米。设有六个年级，26个教学班，在校学生1300人。另设一个附属幼儿园，在校幼儿102人。多年来，学校坚定实施素质教育，积极推进课程改革，在稳定中求发展，在进取中求创新，已实现义务教育现代化。近五年来，学校不断强化校园管理，坚持以德育为先，教学发展为本，以体卫艺特长发展为特色，在发展中已取得一些喜人的成绩。 二、基本情况 杨村第四小学是一所历史悠久的百年老校。始建于1912年，学校的前身是中华民国元年（1912）杨村乡绅民众创立的三义庙学堂。民国二年（1913），按照直隶省政府“学堂改学校”的通令，杨村三义庙学堂改称为三义庙学校。新中国成立后， 1955年改为“河北杨师附属小学”，1960年附设初中班，1961年改为“天津市十年制实验学校”，文革中改名“东方红战校”，1968年中小学分家，正式定名为“杨村第四小学”，沿袭至今。其间，1987年改为教育局直属国办小学。 过去的杨村第四小学，规模不大，面积较小，教职工、学生人数不多，几间民房一字排开围成了一个小四合院，教学设施简陋，教学环境较差。承各级领导悉心关怀，蒙几代贤达栉风沐雨，经数届师生发愤图强，而今的杨村第四小学已经焕然一新。学校硬件设施齐全，达到天津市现代化建设标准。装有信息技术教室、图书阅览室、美术教室、音乐教室、书法教室、科学实验室。学校拥有多媒体设备24套，计算机165台，能满足信息技术与学科教学整合的要求，学校图书室藏书44000余册，能满足学生的多方面阅读需求。 三、办学理念 走进杨村第四小学，便有一股蓬勃之气、书香之气迎面扑来。学校文化底蕴较为丰厚，始终以“一切为了学生，为了一切学生，为了学生一切”为办学指导思想，把“以人为本，尊重差异，全面发展”作为办学理念。全面贯彻党的教育方针，努力改善办学条件，创设良好的育人环境，构建和谐校园，逐步形成了“乐学、刻苦、求异、拼搏”的浓郁学风，“科学、严谨、探索、开拓”的醇厚教风，“文明、守纪、求实、创新”的良好校风和“明礼、负责、善学、践行”的校训。办学理念和“三风一训”形成了学校文化的核心内容，引领广
天津天津市武清区杨村第一中学高一物理上册第一学期1月质量检测考试题 （ Word版含答案） 一、选择题 1．从某高处释放一粒小石子，经过1 s从同一地点释放另一小石子，则它们落地之前，两石子之间的距离将（） A．保持不变B．不断减小 C．不断变大D．有时增大有时减小 2．如图所示，一定质量的物体用轻绳AB悬挂于天花板上，用水平向左的力F缓慢拉动绳的中点O，用T表示绳OA段拉力的大小，在O点向左移动的过程中 A．F逐渐变大，T逐渐变大 B．F逐渐变大，T不变 C．F逐渐变小，T不变 D．F逐渐变小，T逐渐变小 3．在交警处理某次交通事故时，通过监控仪器扫描，输入计算机后得到该汽车在水平路面上刹车过程中的位移随时间变化的规律为x=20t-2t2（x的单位是m，t单位是s）．则该汽车在路面上留下的刹车痕迹长度为（） A．18m B．32m C．48m D．50m 4．渡河时船头始终沿垂直河岸的方向．已知船在静水中航行的速度大小不变，水流的速度与船离最近的岸边的距离成正比，且比例系数为定值，河的两岸平行．在水平面内，以出发点为坐标原点，沿着河岸的方向为x轴，垂直河岸方向为y轴，四位同学画出此过程中小船运动的轨迹，其中符合实际情况的是（） A．B． C．D． 5．如图所示，质量为8 kg的物体A静止在竖直的轻弹簧上面。质量为2 kg的物体B用细
线悬挂起来，A、B紧挨在一起但A、B之间无压力。某时刻将细线剪断，则细线剪断瞬间，B对A的压力大小为(取g＝10 m/s2)( ) A．100 N B．20 N C．16 N D．0 N 6．摩天轮一般出现在游乐园中，作为一种游乐场项目，与云霄飞车、旋转木马合称是“乐园三宝”．在中国南昌有我国第一高摩天轮﹣﹣南昌之星，总建设高度为160米，横跨直径为153米，如图所示．它一共悬挂有60个太空舱，每个太空舱上都配备了先进的电子设备，旋转一周的时间是30分钟，可同时容纳400人左右进行同时游览．若该摩天轮做匀速圆周运动，则乘客（） A．速度始终恒定 B．加速度始终恒定 C．乘客对座椅的压力始终不变 D．乘客受到到合力不断改变 7．竖直升空的火箭，其v-t图像如图所示，由图可知以下说法中正确的是( ) A．火箭上升的最大高度为16000m B．火箭上升的最大高度为48000m C．火箭经过120s落回地面 D．火箭上升过程中的加速度始终是20m/s2 8．第26届国际计量大会通过“修订国际单位制(SI)”的决议，将千克、安培、开尔文和摩尔4个国际单位制的基本单位改由物理常数重新定义，从而提高计量单位的稳定性和精确度。基本单位“千克”所对应的物理量是（） A．力B．时间C．长度D．质量
一、等比数列选择题 1．已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和的乘积记为n T ，若29512T T ==，则n T 的最大值为（ ） A ．152 B ．142 C ．132 D ．122 2．已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为S n ，则下列命题一定正确的是（ ） A ．若S 2021＞0，则a 3+a 1＞0 B ．若S 2020＞0，则a 3+a 1＞0 C ．若S 2021＞0，则a 2+a 4＞0 D ．若S 2020＞0，则a 2+a 4＞0 3．等差数列{}n a 的首项为1，公差不为0．若2a 、3a 、6a 成等比数列，则{}n a 的前6项的和为（ ） A ．24- B ．3- C ．3 D ．8 4．在等比数列{}n a 中，11a =，427a =，则352a a +=（ ） A ．45 B ．54 C ．99 D ．81 5．已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若2 13a a =，且数列{}13n S a -也为等比数列，则 n a 的表达式为（ ） A ．12n n a ??= ??? B ．1 12n n a +??= ??? C ．23n n a ??= ??? D ．1 23n n a +??= ??? 6．等比数列{}n a 的各项均为正数，且101010113a a =.则313232020log log log a a a ++ += （ ） A ．3 B ．505 C ．1010 D ．2020 7．设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ，其前n 项和为n S ，前n 项积为n T ，并且满足条件 11a >，66771 1, 01 a a a a -><-，则下列结论正确的是（ ） A ．681a a > B ．01q << C ．n S 的最大值为7S D ．n T 的最大值为7T 8．等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，416a =-，314S a =+，则公比q 为（ ） A ．2- B ．2-或1 C ．1 D ．2 9．已知各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a ，若543264328a a a a +--=，则7696a a +的最小值为（ ） A ．12 B ．18 C ．24 D ．32 10．明代朱载堉创造了音乐学上极为重要的“等程律”．在创造律制的过程中，他不仅给出了求解三项等比数列的等比中项的方法，还给出了求解四项等比数列的中间两项的方法．比如，若已知黄钟、大吕、太簇、夹钟四个音律值成等比数列，则有
天津市武清区杨村第一中学2020届高考一轮复习第一次统练 （必修一第一至四单元） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、单选题 1．王家范在《中国历史通论》中指出：“西周政治里显然有深厚的贵族色彩，而‘共主’名义下的地方分权体制……与秦以后一统的君主‘独制’格局泾渭分明。因此古贤多称周秦之间为‘天下一大变局’。”材料中“天下一大变局”指的是 A．焚书坑儒代替百家争鸣 B．官僚政治取代贵族政治 C．土地私有制代替井田制 D．察举制度代替世袭制度 2．黄宗羲在《明夷待访录》中说：“用一人焉则疑其自私，而又用一人以制其私；行一事焉则虑其可欺，而又设一事以防其欺。”能体现这一特点的中国古代政治制度有 ①三省六部制 ②宋朝在中央设置中书门下，在地方设置通判 ③明朝的内阁 ④清朝的军机处 A．①②B．①③C．②④D．②③ 3．钱穆认为，这种选拔方式骤看极合情理，然而切实施行中却存在毛病……读书求学，便有诸多限制，读书机会很不易得。但对于一个读书家庭来说却是极为简单的。因此，当时一个读书家庭，很容易变成一个做官家庭，而同时便是有钱有势的家庭。“这种选拔方式”是指 A．世官制 B．察举制 C．九品中正制 D．科举制 4．下列四幅图反映了北京地区在不同历史时期名称的变化状况，按时间先后顺序排列，正确的是
A．①②③④ B．③④②① C．②①④③ D．④③②① 5．下图反映了雅典民主政治的发展历程，由此可以得出的结论是 A．享受民主的主体范围逐渐扩大 B．逐步重视参政者的能力与品德 C．监督保障机制逐渐完善 D．对公民权的限制逐渐松弛 6．孟德斯鸠从掌握最高权力范围的角度区分贵族政治和民主政治，即“全体人民握有最高权力时，就是民主政治；一部分人民握有最高权力时，就是贵族政治。”按此标准，英国制度革新中从贵族政治转向民主政治的关键是 A．1215年《大宪章》 B．1688年“光荣革命” C．1689年《权利法案》 D．1832年议会改革 7．“他们认为，1776年的口号已过去了，美国需要的是一体化，而不是州权。”材料中的“他们” A．要求实现中央集权政治B．主张实行联邦体制 C．确立了国会的最高权力D．极力推行共和主义 8．1842年《中英南京条约》的第二条规定：自今以后，大皇帝恩准英国人民带同所属家眷，寄居大清沿海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸易通商无碍；且大英国君主派设领事、管事等官住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜，与各该地方官公文往。
杨村一中2015届高三年级第一次热身练英语学科试卷 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第I卷1至9 页，第II卷10 至11 页。考试结束后，将答题卡收回。祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第I卷选择题(共95分) 注意事项： 答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡上。 选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后， 再填涂其它答案，不能答在试卷上。 本卷共55小题，满分95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） —David didn’t invite us to his wedding party. —______? I don’t care. After all, we don’t get along quite well with him. A. How come B. So what C. What for D. What if It is hoped that the civil war will come to _____ end soon and people there can lead _____ peaceful life. A. an; a B. the; a C. an; the D. the; the Compared with the long-standing friendship between the two countries, their boundary dispute is only a(n) __________ and limited issue. A. contemporary B. permanent C. temporary D. aggressive —My phone was ______ and I didn’t realize it until this morning. —No wonder I couldn’t get through last night. A. out of date B. out of place C. out of order D. out of reach To ________ a good command of English, she spends nearly three hours every day on the language. A. acquire B. require C. admit D. adopt Jane has many new friends in the school, ________ she shared her feelings. A. with which B. to whom C. for which D. with whom — Have you watched the movie? — Yes. I ______ it three times while I was in the university. A. had watched B. watched C. have watch D. was watching 8. When arranging our work, we should ________unforeseen circumstances. A. answer for B. allow for C. account for D. head for 9. I’m waiting for the group to decide our traveling plan ________ making it myself. A. rather than B. other than C. apart from D. far from —They will try to catch you out, ________ do have all your answers well prepared. —Thank you. I’ll try my best A. but B. and C. so D. or Never before ________ I should have the opportunity to live with so many kind neighbors. A. did I imagine B. I imagine C. I have imagined D. have I imagined What I really doubt is ________ the western media, as they say, is really that objective and just. A. which B. what C. whether D. that The writer always carries a notebook along with him, ______ he is seized by sudden inspiration. A. even though B. in case C. now that D. the moment
天津市武清区杨村第一中学2019届第二学期高三历史第二次 形成性检测试题 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、单选题 1．“威势独在于主，则群臣畏敬……威势分于臣，则令不行……故明主之治天下也，法政独出于主，而不从臣出。”春秋战国时期实践这一思想的主要是下图中的哪个国家 A．③ B．② C．① D．④ 2．在埃及开罗附近的遗址中，发现唐至宋初的瓷片数以万计；叙利亚沙玛拉遗址发现大批唐代陶瓷器；印度勃拉名纳巴特遗址也发现唐瓷片。以上信息表明唐代 A．瓷器是海外贸易的最主要商品 B．海上丝绸之路的辐射范围较广 C．私人海外贸易的规模不断扩大 D．中国已经成为东亚文化圈中心 3．甲午战争以后，越来越多的民族企业的商业广告在其产品名称前特地加上“国货”二字，如“金叶牌国货线毯”“无敌牌国货牙粉”“顶上国货，金马牌香烟”等。这种现象增多的根本原因是 A．民族企业发展迅速 B．实业救国深入人心 C．政府提倡消费国货 D．列强经济侵略加深 4．下面两幅图是甲午战争时期的漫画。这两幅漫画都
《威海卫大战得胜图》（清朝人绘制）《日清战争笑乐画会》（日本人绘制） ①反映战争的真实情况 ②能作为研究战争的一手史料 ③带有鲜明的主观色彩 ④体现两国资产阶级改革成果 A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 5．1899年，上海《万国公报》刊发了《大同学》一文，文中写道“其以百工领袖著名者，英人马克思也”。随后，梁启超、宋教仁廖仲恺等先后撰文介绍《共产党宣言》。对此认识正确的是 A．有识之土在寻找新的救国救民道路 B．无产阶级初步认识到马克思主义的价值 C．马克思主义在中国得到了广泛传播 D．马克思主义开始与中国革命实践相结合 6．下图显示了1950-1970年，历届联合国大会讨论恢复中国在联合国的合法席位时中国的得票数。以下对外政策或原则影响其变化的是 A．“一边倒” B．不结盟政策 C．和平共处五项原则 D．提出对外开放政策
天津天津市武清区杨村第一中学高一上学期期末考试(物理) 一、选择题 1．在同一水平直线上的两位置分别沿同方向水平抛出两小球A和B，其运动轨迹如图所示，不计空气阻力，要使两球在空中相遇，则必须（） A．先抛出A球 B．先抛出B球 C．A球的初速度小于B球的初速度 D．A球的初速度大于B球的初速度 2．下列说法正确的是 A．物体的惯性大小只与本身的质量有关，质量大的物体惯性大，质量小的物体惯性小B．同一物体在地球上不同的位置受到的重力是不同的，所以它的惯性也随位置的变化而变化 C．一个小球竖直上抛，抛出后能继续上升，是因为小球运动过程中受到了向上的推力D．运动越快的汽车越不容易停下来，是因为汽车运动得越快，惯性越大 3．如图所示，质量为8 kg的物体A静止在竖直的轻弹簧上面。质量为2 kg的物体B用细线悬挂起来，A、B紧挨在一起但A、B之间无压力。某时刻将细线剪断，则细线剪断瞬间，B对A的压力大小为(取g＝10 m/s2)( ) A．100 N B．20 N C．16 N D．0 N 4．一小船在静水中的速度为3m/s，它在一条河宽300m，水流速度为4m/s的河流中渡河，则该小船（） A．能到达正对岸 B．渡河的时间可能少于100s C．以最短时间渡河时，它沿水流方向的位移大小为400m D．以最短位移渡河时，位移大小为300m 5．一汽车通过拱形桥顶点时速度为10 m/s，车对桥顶的压力为车重的3/4，如果要使汽车在桥顶对桥面没有压力，车速至少为; A．15 m/s B．20 m/s C．25 m/s D．30 m/s 6．将一小球以5m/s的速度水平抛出，经过1s小球落地，不计空气阻力g=10m/s2．关于这段时间小球的运动，下列说法正确的是（）
天津天津市武清区杨村第一中学高一 上学期期中考试(物理) 一、选择题 1．在公路的每个路段都有交通管理部门设置的限速标志，如图所示，这是告诫驾驶员在这一路段驾驶车辆时 A ．必须以这一速度行驶 B ．瞬时速度大小不得超过这一规定数值 C ．平均速度大小不得超过这一规定数值 D ．汽车上的速度计指示值，有时还是可以超过这一规定值的 2．如图所示，不计质量的光滑小滑轮用细绳悬挂于墙上O 点，跨过滑轮的细绳连接物块A 、B ，A 、B 都处于静止状态，现将物块B 移至C 点后，A 、B 仍保持静止，下列说法中正确的是( ) A ． B 与水平面间的摩擦力不变 B ．绳子对B 的拉力增大 C ．悬于墙上的绳所受拉力大小不变 D ．A 、B 静止时，图中α、β、θ三角始终相等 3．短跑运动员在100m 竞赛中，测得7s 末的速度是9m/s ，10s 末到达终点的速度是10.2m/s ，则运动员在全程内的平均速度为（ ） A ．9m/s B ．10m/s C ．9.6m/s D ．10.2m/s 4．已知物理量λ的单位为“m”、物理量v 的单位为“m/s”、物理量f 的单位为“s －1”，则由这三个物理量组成的关系式正确的是( ) A ．v ＝ f B ．v ＝λf C ．f ＝vλ D ．λ＝vf 5．物块静止在固定斜面上，下图所示的四幅示意图中，正确标明了斜面对物块的支持力的（ ） A ． B ．
C．D． 6．如图所示，晾晒衣服的绳子轻且光滑，悬挂衣服的衣架的挂钩也是光滑的，轻绳两端分别固定在两根竖直杆上的A、B两点，衣服处于静止状态．如果保持绳子A端位置不变，将B端分别移动到不同的位置．下列判断正确的（） A．B端移到B1位置时，绳子张力变大 B．B端移到B2位置时，绳子张力变小 C．B端在杆上位置不动，将杆移动到虚线位置时，绳子张力变大 D．B端在杆上位置不动，将杆移动到虚线位置时，绳子张力变小 7．甲、乙两物体都做匀加速直线运动，已知甲物体的加速度大于乙物体的加速度，则在某一段时间内() A．甲的位移一定比乙的大 B．甲的平均速度一定比乙的大 C．甲的速度变化一定比乙的大 D．甲受到的合外力一定比乙的大 8．某质点在0～3 s内运动的v-t图像如图所示.关于质点的运动,下列说法中正确的是 A．质点在第1 s内的平均速度大于第2 s内的平均速度 B．t=3 s时,质点的位移最大 C．质点在第2 s内的加速度与第3 s内的加速度大小相等,方向相反 D．质点在第2 s内的位移与第3 s内的位移相同 9．一物体在地面以速度为v 向上竖直上抛，不计空气阻力，经过 t 时间到最高点，上升高度为 h，则 A．物体通过前半程和后半程所用时间之比为 1：21 )
2021届天津市武清区杨村第一中学高三（上）10月 物理试题 学校_________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 学号__________ 一、单选题 1. 甲、乙两车在相邻的相互平行的平直公路上从同一地点沿同一方向做直线运 动，它们的v-t图像如图所示，下列判断正确的是（） A．乙车启动时，甲车在其前方100m处 B．甲乙相遇前，两车的最大距离为75m C．甲车启动35s时，乙车追上甲车 D．甲乙两车能相遇两次 2. 如图所示，用绳OA、OB和OC吊着重物 P处于静止状态，其中绳OA水平，绳OB与水平方向成θ角．现用水平向右的力F缓慢地将重物P拉起，用F A 和 F B 分别表示绳OA和绳OB的张力，则（） A．F A 、F B 、F均增大 B．F A 增大，F B 不变，F增大 C．F A 不变，F B 减小，F增大 D．F A 增大，F B 减小，F减小 3. 关于牛顿运动定律，下列说法正确的有（） A．米、千克、牛顿都属于国际单位制中的基本单位 B．牛顿第一定律是牛顿第二定律在合外力为零的情况下的一个特例 C．在“嫦娥三号”卫星中的物体处于完全失重状态，所以没有惯性 D．作用力和反作用力总是大小相等、方向相反，所以作用效果不可以抵消
二、多选题 4. 如图所示，一质量为M的长木板静置于光滑水平面上，其上放置一质量为m 的小滑块．木板受到水平拉力F作用时，用传感器测出长木板的加速度a与水平拉力F的关系如图所示，重力加速度g＝10 m/s2，下列说法正确的是( ) A．小滑块的质量m＝2 kg B．小滑块与长木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.1 C．当水平拉力F＝7 N时，长木板的加速度大小为3 m/s2 D．当水平拉力F增大时，小滑块的加速度一定增大 5. 如图所示，倾斜传递带与水平面的夹角为30°，传送带沿逆时针方向匀速转动，速率为5m/s，一个质量为1kg的小煤块与传送带间的动摩擦因数为 ，将小煤块无初速度地放在传送带的顶端，已知小煤块速度与传送带的速度相同时，传送带瞬间停止运动，若小煤块恰好能运动到传送带底端，则下列说法正确的是（） A．小煤块从传送带顶端运动到底端所用的时间为0.8s B．小煤块相对传送带运动位移大小为5m C．小煤块在传送带上留下的痕迹长度为5m D．传送带AB部分长度为6m 6. 如图所示，物块P、Q紧挨着并排放置在粗糙水平面上，P的左边用一跟轻弹簧与竖直墙相连，物块P、Q处于静止状态；若直接撤去物块Q，P将向右滑动．现用一个从零开始逐渐增大的水平拉力F向右拉Q，直至拉动Q；那么在Q 被拉动之前的过程中，弹簧对P的弹力T的大小、地面对P的摩擦力的大小、P对Q的弹力N的大小、地面对Q的摩擦力的大小的变化情况
一、第八章 机械能守恒定律易错题培优（难） 1．某实验研究小组为探究物体冲上粗糙斜面能达到的最大位移x 与斜面倾角θ的关系，使某一物体每次以不变的初速率v 0沿足够长的斜面向上运动，如图甲所示，调节斜面与水平面的夹角θ，实验测得x 与θ的关系如图乙所示，取g ＝10m/s 2。则由图可知（ ） A ．物体的初速率v 0＝3m/s B ．物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.8 C ．图乙中x min ＝0.36m D ．取初始位置所在水平面为重力势能参考平面，当θ＝37°，物体上滑过程中动能与重力势能相等时，物体上滑的位移为0.1875m 【答案】AC 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 A ．当2 π θ= 时，物体做竖直上抛运动，不受摩擦力作用，根据 202v gh = 可得 03m/s v = A 正确； B ．当0θ=时，物体沿水平面做减速运动，根据动能定理 2 012 mv mgx μ= 代入数据解得 =0.75μ B 错误； C ．根据动能定理 2 01cos sin 2 mv mgx mgx μθθ=+ 整理得
9 20(0.75cos sin ) x θθ= + 因此位移最小值 min 2 0.36m 200.751 x = =+ C 正确； D ．动能与重力势能相等的位置 o 2 o o 01sin 37(sin 37cos37)2 mgx mv mgx mgx μ= -+ 整理得 0.25m x = D 错误。 故选AC 。 2．如图甲所示，质量为4kg 的物块A 以初速度v 0=6m/s 从左端滑上静止在粗糙水平地面上的木板B 。已知物块A 与木板B 之间的动摩擦因数为μ1，木板B 与地面之间的动摩擦因数为μ2，A 、B 运动过程的v -t 图像如图乙所示，A 始终未滑离B 。则（ ） A ．μ1=0.4，μ2=0.2 B ．物块B 的质量为4kg C ．木板的长度至少为3m D ．A 、B 间因摩擦而产生的热量为72J 【答案】BC 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 A ．以物块为研究对象有 11ma mg μ= 由图看出2 14m/s a =，可得 10.4μ= 将物块和木板看成一个整体，在两者速度一致共同减速时，有 22M m a M m g μ+=+()() 由图看出2 21m/s a =，可得 20.1μ= 选项A 错误；
第I卷（共115分） 第一部分听力部分（共两节, 满分15分) 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What does Alice’s father want to buy for her? A. A watch. B. A sweater. C. A red bike. 2. What do we learn from the conversation? A. The train will not arrive. B. The train may arrive at 9:15. C. The train may arrive at 9:50. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Something robbed. B. Something repaired. C. Something misplaced. 4. What does the woman think the man should do? A. Tell his neighbors about it. B. Report it to the police. C. Keep it quiet. 5. How will the man be paid? A. By the hour. B. By the week. C. By the month. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 听下面几段对话或独白，每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. Where did the car come according to the man at the beginning of the conversation? A. He borrowed it. B. He won it. C. He bought it. 7. What color is the car? A. Blue. B. Black. C. Yellow. 8. What’s the date today? A. 1st, March. B. 1st, April. C. 1st, May. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. What does Tom want to become in the future? A. A pilot. B. A college teacher. C. A computer expert. 10. Why is Mary studying English? A. She wants to be a translator. B. She wants to make English friends. C. She will move to the US. 11. What is the best way to learn English according to Mary? A. Using the Internet. B. Listening to the radio. C. Talking with the native speakers. 听下面一段对话，回答第12至第15小题。 12. What are the speakers doing? A. One is interviewing the other. B. They are having a friendly chat. C. They are talking about each other’s fam ily.
天津市武清区杨村第一中学2019届高三第二次热身练历史试 题 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、单选题 1．史学家吕思勉在《中国制度史》中说，秦以后，中国由封建时代进入郡县时代，此后虽然出现过“封建的四次反动”，但都以失败告终。这表明 A．封建专制皇权不断强化 B．血缘政治影响深远 C．官僚政治符合历史趋势 D．民主思潮的逐渐兴起 2．下列重大科技成果与下图中的事件属于同一历史时期的是 A．《黄帝内经》的出现 B．《授时历》颁布推行 C．活字印刷术的发明 D．《九章算术》的成书 3．1903年邹容在《革命军》中提到：中国为中国人之中国；1912年孙中山在临时大总统就职仪式上发表宣言：“合汉、满、蒙、回、藏诸族为一人，是曰民族统一”。这种变化反映出 A．中华民国成立推动了民族意识发展 B．《临时约法》使近代国家观念传播 C．中华民国建立有助于现代国家认同 D．辛亥革命使各民族真正实现了平等 4．1938年国民政府拟定《西南西北工业建设计划》，以促进西南西北地区工矿业、交通运输业的发展，同时在农业方面也采取了一系列措施，并取得了一定的成效。国民政
府这些措施 A．导致了官僚资本主义的迅速膨胀 B．扭转了东西部经济发展的不平衡 C．为持久抗战提供一定的经济保障 D．阻碍了民族资本主义进一步发展 5．“从本日起的两星期内基本原则是围而不打（例如对张家口、新保安），有些则是隔而不围（即只作战略包围，隔断诸敌联系，而不作战役包围，例如对平、津、通州），以待部署完成之后各个歼敌。”这是一部影视剧中毛泽东指导某次著名战役的台词，这场著名战役的重大战果是 A．解放了东北全境 B．为解放军渡江作战奠定了基础 C．使华北全境基本解放 D．解放了南京，推翻国民政府的统治 6．改革开放40年，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。以下数据说明 A．农村经济体制改革的成功 B．社会主义市场经济体制初步确立 C．基层民主制度的发展完善 D．中国特色社会主义道路的正确性 7．下方表格反映了欧洲某次重大事件前后城邦权力的变化。此事件是
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience. Open Table app Open Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free. HappyCow app Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world. LocalEats app Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar. Where Chefs Eat app "Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app. （1）What do the first two apps have in common? A. They are both free of charge. B. Discounts are provided on both. C. Best wines can be reserved on both. D. They tell you where to have the best food.（2）Who is HappyCow app probably designed for? A. Friends drinking wines together. B. Chefs enjoying meat very much. C. People who want to go on a diet. D. Those often eating in a restaurant. （3）Where can we most likely see the text? A. On a tourism guide. B. In a cellphone application introduction. C. In a students' textbook. D. On a scientific discovery TV program. 【答案】（1）A （2）C （3）B