Under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complicatedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the PLC of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it can't do other works.
When you are reading the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the PLC had such function .Its characteristics lie in us and may meet the urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, PLC while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first, for example the address of the procedure, CPU of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. The CPU always does the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.
The interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred Class, they will carry out the interruption of the higher Class according to person's request. This kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. The Class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of CPU with internal PLC, also following a heap of capacity size of also relevant fasten.
The contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the WDT to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the CPU to respond to the category while handle various business. Speak thus perhaps you can't comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.
Each equipment always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, which is nasty to stop the button. When we meet the Human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again. Nasty stop the internal I/ O of the internal CPU of the button conjunction PLC to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for CPU, the CPU carries on to the I/ O to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, CPU protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior I/ O automatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work. Have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest Class, thus guarantee the safety.
When we are work a work piece, giving the PLC a signal, counting PLC inner part the machine add 1 to compute us for a day of workload, a count the machine and can solve problem in brief, certainly they also can keep the data under the condition of dropping the electricity, urging the data not to throw to lose, this is also what we hope earnestly.
The PLC still has the function that the high class counts the machine, being us while accept some dates of high speed, the high speed that here say is the data of the in all aspects tiny second class, for example the bar code scanner is scanning the data continuously, calculating high-speed signal of the data processor DSP etc., we will adopt the high class to count the machine to help we carry on count. It at the PLC
carries out the procedure once discover that the high class counts the machine to should of interruption, will let go of the work on the hand immediately. The trapezoid diagram procedure that passes by to weave the distance again explains the high class for us to carry out procedure to count machine would automatic performance to should of work, thus rise the Class that the high class counts the machine to high one Class.
You heard too many this phrases perhaps:" crash", the meaning that is mostly is a workload of CPU to lead greatly, the internal resources shortage etc. the circumstance can't result in procedure circulate. The PLC also has the similar circumstance, there is a watchdog WDT in the inner part of PLC, we can establish time that a procedure of WDT circulate, being to appear the procedure to jump to turn the mistake in the procedure movement process or the procedure is busy, movement time of the procedure exceeds WDT constitution time, the CPU turn but the WDT reset the appearance. The procedure restarts the movement, but will not carry on the breakage to the interruption.
The PLC development has already entered for network ages of correspondence from the mode of the one, and together other works control the net plank and I/ O card planks to carry on the share easily. A state software can pass all se hardwires link, more animation picture of keep the view to carries on the control, and cans pass the Internet to carry on the control in the foreign land, the blast-off that is like the absolute being boat No.5 is to adopt this kind of way to make airship go up the sky.
The development of the higher layer needs our continuous effort to obtain. The PLC emergence has already affected a few persons fully, we also obtained more knowledge and precepts from the top one experience of the generation, coming to the continuous development PLC technique, push it toward higher wave tide.
Knowing the available PLC network options and their best applications will ensure an efficient and flexible control system design.
The programmable logic controller's (PLC's) ability to support a range of
communication methods makes it an ideal control and data acquisition device for a wide variety of industrial automation and facility control applications. However, there is some confusion because so many possibilities exist. To help eliminate this confusion, let's list what communications are available and when they would be best applied.
To understand the PLC's communications versatility, let's first define the terms used in describing the various systems.
ASCII: This stands for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange." As shown in Fig. 1, when the letter "A" is transmitted, for instance, it's automatically coded as "65" by the sending equipment. The receiving equipment translates the "65" back to the letter "A." Thus, different devices can communicate with each other as long as both use ASCII code.
ASCII module: This intelligent PLC module is used for connecting PLCs to other devices also capable of communicating using ASCII code as a vehicle.
Bus topology: This is a linear local area network (LAN) arrangement, as shown in Fig. 2A, in which individual nodes are tapped into a main communications cable at a single point and broadcast messages. These messages travel in both directions on the bus from the point of connection until they are dissipated by terminators at each end of the bus.
很多的情况下我们总喜欢采用串并转换芯片来进行传输，这种情况下不需要我们进行过于复杂的寄存器设置了，而直接通过数据传送指令进行数据交流，但在通信中并不是一个十分可行的办法，因为在发送数据的时候对方的PLC必须一直等待你的数据输出，它不能去做其他的工作。
当你在看书的时候，你听到有人敲门、你停下手上的事情、去打开门、并同敲门者对话、这个时候电话响了、你示意接个电话、在接完电话后、回过头来同敲门者继续对话、对话完毕后、你再继续看你的书，这种情况我们把它称为中断，它具有权威性，也具有优先性，PLC具备了这样的功能。它的特点在于我们在设备的操作过程中可能会遇到紧急的突发事件，我们要立刻的停下手上的工作，去
处理更重要的事情，这种情况是我们经常所遇到的，PLC在去执行紧急的任务时，总会先保存目前的状态，比如程序的地址，CPU的累加器数据等，就像我们去开门时要记下我们看的书在第几页了或者干脆作个记号，因为我们待会还要继续接着看后面的书。CPU总是按照我们的意愿去做应该做的事情，但你错误的给它一件事情，它也会同样的去做，这一点我们必须注意。
中断并不是只有一个，有时会同时存在几个中断，中断具有优先的级别，他们会根据人的要求去执行更高级别的中断。这种中断中的中断也就形成了中断嵌套。当然中断的级别根据各种PLC内部CPU的资源有关，同时也跟堆栈的容量大小也有关系。
中断的内容有很多种，比如外部中断、通信中的发送和接受中断、定时和计数的时钟中断、还有WDT复位中断等，它们丰富了CPU在处理各种事务时响应种类。这样讲也许你并不能完全理解中断的内部结构和操作顺序，我们做一个小小的例子来说明.
每一个设备总是不会忘记有一个按钮，它也是在我们遇到紧急情况时使用的，那就是急停按钮。当我们遇到人身事故和意外情况时我们只要按下它，机器立即停止所有的操作，并等待处理完意外后再恢复操作。急停按钮连接PLC内部CPU的内部I/O接口上，当按钮给CPU一个外部触发信号时，CPU对I/O进行再次检测，当确认有外部触发信号时，CPU保护现场并将程序计数器自动转到相应的外部I/O中断程序中去，当外部中断程序处理完毕，程序计数器返回到主程序继续工作。有一点可以说明的是我们一般会把急停按钮的外部中断升至最高级别，从而保证安全。
当我们在工作完一个工件时，给PLC一个信号，将PLC的内部计数器加1来计算我们一天的工作量时，一个简单的计数器能解决问题，当然它们也能够在掉电的情况下保持数据，促使数据不丢失，这也是我们所渴望的。
PLC还具有高级计数器的功能，当我们在接受一些高速的数据时，这里所说的高速是在在微秒级的数据，比如条码扫描机在不断的扫描数据，数据处理器DSP计算的高速信号等，我们就要采用到高级计数器来帮助我们进行计数。它在PLC执行程序时一旦发现高级计数器对应的中断，就会立即放下手上的工作。经过再次编程的梯形图程序说明我们在执行程序时高级计数器会自动的执行对应的工作，从而将高级计数器的级别升至高一级别。
你也许听过太多的这个词:“死机”，大致的意思是CPU工作量过大，内部
资源不足等情况造成程序无法运行。PLC也有类似的情况，在PLC内部有一个看门狗WDT，我们可以设置WDT一个程序运行的时间，当程序运行过程中出现程序跳转错误时或者程序繁忙时，程序的运行时间超过WDT的设置时间，CPU 转而WDT复位状态。程序重新开始运行，但对中断不会进行破坏。
PLC的发展已经从单一的模式进入了通信的网络时代，并同其它的工控网板和I/O卡板轻易的进行共享。组态软件可以将所有的这些硬件连接起来，通过更直观的动画图片来进行控制，并可以通过互联网在异地进行控制，像神舟五号的发射就是采用这种办法来使飞船升空。
更高层次的发展需要我们不断的努力来取得。PLC的出现已经足足影响了几代人，我们也从上一辈的经验中获取了更多的知识和教训，来不断的发展PLC 技术，将它推向更高浪潮。
了解可用的PLC网络的最佳选择，其应用将确保有效率和灵活的控制系统设计。可编程逻辑控制器（PLC的）能够支持多种通信方法的范围，使之成为一个理想的控制和工业自动化和控制应用各种设施数据采集装置。然而，有一些混乱，因为这么多的可能性存在。为了帮助消除这种混乱，让我们的通讯名单，可什么时候他们会是最好的应用。
CPU：这代表“中央处理单元”，这其实就是一台计算机，可编程控制器，智能设备或其他地方的算术和逻辑运算的执行和指令被解码和执行的一部分。
菊花链：这是对单个设备中的PLC网络，连接描述在那里，每个设备连接到下一个和通信信号从一个单位传递到下一个顺序的方式。
分布式控制：这是一个自动化的概念，即一个自动化系统的部分是由单独的控制器，这是在位于其附近地区的直接控制（控制分散控制系统及遍布出）。
为了了解PLC的通信多功能性，让我们首先定义描述的各种制度的用语：ASCII码：这代表着信息交换。1，当字母“A”是传播，例如，它会自动编码为“65由发送设备”。接收设备转换的“65”回答。因此，不同的设备可以相互通信既是使用ASCII代码的其他长。
ASCII的模块：这个智能PLC模块是用于连接到PLC的通信也使用ASCII 码作为车辆等设备的能力。
总线拓扑结构：这是一个线性局部区域网络（LAN）的安排。A条，其中个别节点成为窃听通讯电缆主要在单点和广播消息。这些消息对旅游的连接点从两个方向的巴士，直到它们被消耗在每个终端的巴士底。
外文翻译 原文：The open system merit of Computer Numerical Control The open system merit is the system simple, the cost low, but the shortcoming is the precision is low. The reverse gap, the guide screw pitch error, stop inferiorly can affect the pointing accuracy by mistake. Following several kind of improvements measure may cause the pointing accuracy distinct improvement. 1. reverse gap error compensates The numerical control engine bed processing cutting tool and the work piece relative motion is depends upon the drive impetus gear,the guide screw rotation, thus the impetus work floor and so on moves the part to produce moves realizes. As traditional part gear, guide screw although the manufacture precision is very high, but always unavoidably has the gap. As a result of this kind of gap existence, when movement direction change, starts the section time to be able to cause inevitably actuates the part wasting time, appears the instruction pulse to push the motionless functional element the aspect. This has affected the engine bed processing precision, namely the instruction pulse and actual enters for the step does not tally,has the processing error therefore, the split-ring numerical control system all establishes generally has the reverse gap error compensatory function, with by makes up which wastes time the step reverse gap difference compensates is first actual reverse enters for the error, converts the pulse equivalent number it, compensates the subroutine as the gap the output, when the computer judgment appears when instruction for counter motion, transfers the gap to compensate the subroutine immediately, compensates the pulse after the output to eliminate the reverse gap to carry on again normally inserts makes up the movement. 2. often the value systematic characteristic position error compensates A kind of storehouse by transfers for the designer. Like this in the components design stage, the designer only must input the characteristic the parameter, the system direct production characteristic example model: We must save the related characteristic class in the database the structure information, the database table collection are use in saving this part of related information. According to the characteristic type definition need, we defined the characteristic class code table, the
Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. 1.History The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed. Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay. In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner. One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84
毕业论文（设计）外文翻译 题目：可编程逻辑控制器技术 系部名称：信息工程系专业班级： 学生姓名：学号： 指导教师：教师职称： 2014 年3 月XX 日
译文 可编程逻辑控制器技术 引言 PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）实际是一个工业控制系统（近来我们看到更多的是用处理器来取代微控制器），在软件和硬件都配备的条件下，适合应用于工业环境。PLC 的发明是相当必要的，它代替了传统的依靠由继电接触器电路来控制电机。PLC 的工作原理是根据它的输入信号和工作状态来确定输出。用户通常是通过软件或编程输入一个程序，来输出所需要的结果。 如图 8-1 所示，PLC 是由典型的黑色构件组成。特别需要注意的是它的输入和输出， 因为在这些模块上，工业环境会给 CPU 一个输入线，所以很有必要将 CPU 模块隔离以保护其免遭有害的影响。程序单元通常是用计算机来编写程序（一般是梯形图）。 1.1CPU 的中央处理单元 中央处理单元（CPU）是一个 PLC 的主控制器。一般 CPU 本身是一个微控制器。通常这些都是 8 位微控制器，如 8051 ，现在的这些是 16 位和 32 位微控制器。潜规则是，你会发现用在 PLC 控制器上的微控制器多数是由日本生产的日立和富士通，欧洲的西门子控制器，和美国的摩托罗拉微控制器。CPU 也负责通讯，与 PLC 控制器的其它部分相互联系，如程序执行，内存操作，监督输入和设置输出。PLC 控制器拥有复杂的程序用于内存检查，以确保 PLC 内存不被损坏（内存检查是为了安全原因而作出的）。一般来说，CPU 单元多数用来检查 PLC 控制器本身，所以有可能出现的错误很早就会被发现。你可以简单地看任何 PLC 控制器,查看错误信号在发光二极管上的种种指示形式。 1.2内存 系统内存（今天主要是在 FLASH 技术上实现）用于一台 PLC 的过程控制系统。除了 这个操作系统它还包含用户程序将梯形图翻译成二进制的形式。 FLASH 存储器的内容仅在 用户程序改变下可以改变。PLC 控制器较早被用来代替闪存，EPROM 存储器代替了那些只能依靠紫外线灯等擦除内存并依靠程序员来编程的 FLASH 存储器。在 FLASH 技术的作用下这个过程被大大的缩短了。重组程序内存通过程序中的串行通讯用于应用程序开发。使用内存被划分成多个具有特殊功能的模块。存储器某些部分用来存储输入状态和输出状态。一个 输入信号的实际状态是用 1 或0 存储在一个特定的存储位。每一个输入信号和输出信号在内存里都有一个位与之相对应。内存的其他部分用来存储用户程序中使用的变量以及变量的内容。例如，定时器的值和计数器的值都将被存储在这部分内存里。 1.3PLC 控制器的编程 PLC 控制器可以通过计算机（常用的方式）进行编程，还可以通过手动编程器（控制台）编程。这实际上意味着如果你有需要的编程软件那么每个 PLC 控制器都可以通过计算机进行编程。今天的传输计算机是非常适合在工厂对 PLC 控制器进行编程的。这对工业有着非常重要的意义。一旦系统被刷新，重新读取正确的程序到 PLC 就很重要。还可以定期检查 PLC 中的程序是否改变了。这有助于避免在工厂车间发生危险状况（部分汽车制造商建立了通信网络，定期检查项目中的 PLC 控制器，以确保执行的程序是正确的）。
1 Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1.1 Description Bit logic in structi ons work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a nu mber system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of con tacts and coils, a 1 in dicates activated or en ergized, and a 0 in dicates not activated or not en ergized. The bit logic in struct ions in terpret sig nal states of 1 and 0 and comb ine them accord ing to Boolea n logic. These comb in ati ons produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operati on ” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of fun cti ons. There are bit logic in structio ns to perform the followi ng fun cti ons: ---| |--- Normally Ope n Co ntact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Con tact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---()Output Coil ---(# )--- Midli ne Output ---|NOT|--- In vert Power Flow The followi ng in structio ns react to an RLO of 1: ---(S ) Set Coil ---(R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other in structi ons react to a positive or n egative edge tran siti on to perform the followi ng functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detectio n ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detectio n NEG Address Negative Edge Detectio n POS Address Positive Edge Detectio n
1 Bit Logic Instructions 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic Instructions 1.1.1 Description Bit logic instructions work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a number system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of contacts and coils, a 1 indicates activated or energized, and a 0 indicates not activated or not energized. The bit logic instructions interpret signal states of 1 and 0 and combine them according to Boolean logic. These combinations produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operation” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of functions. There are bit logic instructions to perform the following functions: ---| |--- Normally Open Contact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Contact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---( ) Output Coil ---( # )--- Midline Output ---|NOT|--- Invert Power Flow The following instructions react to an RLO of 1: ---( S ) Set Coil ---( R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other instructions react to a positive or negative edge transition to perform the following functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detection ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detection NEG Address Negative Edge Detection POS Address Positive Edge Detection
附录 Abstract: Programmable controller in the field of industrial control applications, and PLC in the application process, to ensure normal operation should be noted that a series of questions, and give some reasonable suggestions. Key words: PLC Industrial Control Interference Wiring Ground Proposal Description Over the years, programmable logic controller (hereinafter referred to as PLC) from its production to the present, to achieve a connection to the storage logical leap of logic; its function from weak to strong, to achieve a logic control to digital control of progress; its applications from small to large, simple controls to achieve a single device to qualified motion control, process control and distributed control across the various tasks. PLC today in dealing with analog, digital computing, human-machine interface and the network have been a substantial increase in the capacity to become the mainstream of the field of control of industrial control equipment, in all walks of life playing an increasingly important role. ⅡPLC application areas Currently, PLC has been widely used in domestic and foreign steel, petroleum, chemical, power, building materials, machinery manufacturing, automobile, textile, transportation, environmental and cultural entertainment and other industries, the use of mainly divided into the following categories: 1. Binary logic control Replace traditional relay circuit, logic control, sequential control, can be used to control a single device can also be used for multi-cluster control and automation lines. Such as injection molding machine, printing machine, stapler machine, lathe, grinding machines, packaging lines, plating lines and so on. 2. Industrial Process Control In the industrial production process, there are some, such as temperature, pressure, flow, level and speed, the amount of continuous change (ie, analog), PLC using the appropriate A / D and D / A converter module, and a variety of control algorithm program to handle analog, complete closed-loop control. PID closed loop control system adjustment is generally used as a conditioning method was more. Process control in metallurgy, chemical industry, heat treatment, boiler control and so forth have a very wide range of applications 3. Motion Control PLC can be used in a circular motion or linear motion control. Generally use a dedicated motion control module, for example a stepper motor or servo motor driven single-axis or multi-axis position control module, used in a variety of machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators and other occasions. 4. Data Processing PLC with mathematics (including matrix operations, functions, operation, logic operation), data transfer, data conversion, sorting, look-up table, bit manipulation functions, you can complete the data collection, analysis and processing.Data
Introductions of PLC and MCU A PLC is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control. The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs .The user enters a program, usually via software or programmer that gives the desired results. PLC are used in many “real world” applications. If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a PLC present. If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries, you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has need for PLC. For example, let’s assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switch individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters. As you can see, the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time. We will take a look at what i s considered to be the “top 20” PLC instructions. It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of there instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence. That‘s right, more than 80%! Of course we’ll learn more than jus t these instructions to help you solve almost ALL your potential PLC applications. The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data, as shown in Fig. 19.1 We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relays, counters, timer and date storage locations. Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist? No, they don’t “physically” exist but rather they are simulated and can be considered software counters, timers, etc. These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers. What does each part do? INPUT RELAYS-(contacts) These are connected to the outside world. They physically exist and receive signals from switches, sensors, etc... Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.
可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展 摘自《可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展》 数字媒体系 08165110 多衡随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象. 人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制，那已经是时代的过去，如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制，使得自动化走向了新的高潮。 PLC的最大特点在于：电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计，只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题，通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备，而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。 PLC的内部包含了具有中央处理器的CPU，并带有外部I/O口扩展的I/O接口地址和存储器三大块组成，CPU的核心是由一个或者多个累加器组成，它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力，并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驱动相应的存储器和I/O接口；I/O口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来，并将相关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中；存储器可以将I/O口输入的数据存入存储器中，并在工作时调转到累加器和I/O接口上，存储器分程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM,ROM可以将数据永久的存入存储器中，而RAM只能作为CPU计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。 PLC的抗干扰是极其优秀的，我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣，这些所有的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题，而留给我们的是关心如何来利用PLC的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力，使我们的设备更加的柔性。 PLC的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或C语言来进行编程，而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图，使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了PLC的语言，而且很多的非电气专业人士也对PLC很快认识并深入。
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外文资料 PLCtechnique discussion and future development With the development of the times, today's technology is maturing, competition intensified。 rely on manual operation does not satisfy the current industry outlook, there is no guarantee of higher quality requirements and high-tech corporate image. People saw in the production practice, automation to bring great convenience and product quality assurance, but also reduce the labor intensity, reducing the staff on the establishment in many complex production process is difficult to achieve target control, the overall optimization, optimal decision-making, skilled operatives, technicians or specialists, managers can easily determine and operate it, you can get satisfactory results. artificial intelligence research is the use of computers to achieve the target, the analog These intelligent behavior, through coordination of the human brain and a computer to combine human models for solving very complex problem of finding the best way. PLC's most important feature is: electrical engineer electrical hardware no longer spend too much scheming, as long as the button switch or sensor input connected to the PLC input point will solve the problem by connecting the output point contacts or relay to control the power of the boot device, and small power output devices can be connected directly. Contained within the PLC having a central processor of the CPU, and with an external I / O port expansion I / O interface and the memory addresses of three major components, CPU core is formed by one or more accumulators, which have the logical math capabilities, and can read the contents of the program memory to drive through the calculation of the corresponding memory and I / O interface。 I / O port to the internal accumulator and external input and output systems together, and the relevant data stored in the program memory or data memory。 memory can be I / O port input data stored in memory and transferred to the accumulator at work, and I / O interfaces, memory sub-ROM program memory and data memory RAM, ROM data can be permanently stored in memory, CPU and RAM only as a temporary calculated using the calculation buffer space. PLC immunity is extremely good, we do not have to care about the life and work of its harsh occasions, all of these issues are no longer the subject of our failure, and left us is concerned with how to take advantage of the PLC's internal resources to
附录 外文资料 PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the