英语中的猜词技巧
实用英语学院
李溯
猜测词义
?When you read a text,
you will probably find
some words you don‘t
know. Sometimes you
take time out to look
up a new word in the
dictionary, but doing that too many times slows
down your reading.
猜测词义
?In fact, you can often figure out meanings for new words or expressions without using the dictionary. Look at the
context of each word or
expression – the sentence
that the word or expression
is in and the sentences that
come before and after.
英语与汉语的相同之处
?偏旁部首的作用
?货贷赁贱
?解= 牛+ 角+ 刀
?已巳己
构词法知识猜测词义
?When it snows, children like to make snowmen.
英语中的合成词
?1. football
?2. himself
?3. overcome
?4. sometime
?5. widespread
特殊意义的合成词
?1.fat-fingered
?2.smooth-sailing
特殊意义的合成词
?fat-fingered: to make mistake while typing
?I need more time to
type out this file
because I am so fat- fingered.
特殊意义的合成词
smooth-sailing 顺利进行
I wish you everything to be smooth-sailing.
构词法知识猜测词义
?Bill and I have
been having a
few
dis-agree-ments
lately．
构词法知识猜测词义
前缀dis-原义为apart―分开‖。dis-具有―不‖、―无‖的意思，所以加在某些动词,名词或形容词之前构成反义词。例如：
构词法知识猜测词义
?1. dis-+agree(一致的)→disagree不一致，意见不合
?2. dis- + arm(武装) →disarm解除武装
?3. dis-+honest(诚实的)→dishonest 不诚实的
构词法知识猜测词义
?The advance of
science is
un-stopp-able.
构词法知识猜测词义
句中的unstoppable是我们没有学过的生词，但我们却可以通过构词法知识猜出其含义，其构成方法是这样的：
un+stop（p）+able,
构词法知识猜测词义
词根stop是基础单词，意为"停止"，后缀-able用于构成形容词，前缀un-表示否定意义，故该词意为"止不住的；不可阻挡的"。
UN‖前缀否定的是哪个词
懂一些英文的人都知道，―
un‖这个前缀跟它修饰的动词、形容词或副词的意思正相反。比如说，
undo the harm
unlearn the habit
UN‖前缀否定的是哪个词
＃undo the harm的意思是消解先前造成的伤害或苦痛，这里do（造成）加了前缀un，意思就完全相反了。
＃unlearn the habit就是改掉坏习惯，这里的unlearn（改掉，忘掉）跟learn（养成）的意思也完全相反。
形容词后缀
－able 以―－able‖结尾的形容词一般有两种情况：
（１）v.＋able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为―能……的‖、―可以（被）……的‖、―适合于……的‖、―值得……的‖等，即有被动含义。例如：
形容词后缀
The results are testable →The results can be
tested．
这些结果是可测试的。
<相关表达>：movable（可以移动的），drinkable（可以饮用的），
eatable（可食用的）。
构词法知识猜测词义
A: Are you having
breakfast or lunch?
B: Oh, I am having
brunch.
根据构词法猜测词意
文中的brunch为生词，但我们可以根据构词知识猜出其含义，它是由breakfast和lunch两词采用截留法构成的，取的是breakfast的前两个字母br-和lunch的后四个字母-
unch，故其意为"早午餐；早中饭"。
混合词(Blends)
所谓混合词就是把两个词各取一部份混合在一起而产生的新词，当我们想表达‖烟雾‖时，我们把smoke和fog的一部份合在一起，这样就组成了
smog，像这样的混合词的特点是表现力强，结构巧妙自然。
混合词(Blends)
＃chinglish – Chinese + English 是中英文混合词(称为―北京英语‖―中式英语‖)
勿讲中式英语-排队排队~~
?最近天冷了，很多人滞留在火车站和机场，真是回家不易啊。就算没有大雪，买火车票就是个挺愁人的事儿。听说有不少人是通宵排队的。这时候要是有人来插队那肯定是会引起民愤的。不过愤怒归愤怒，咱讲理也得讲礼。
那么―请排队等候。‖要怎么说呢？
勿讲中式英语-排队排队~~
?Chinese Style：Queue and wait please.
?American Style：Wait
your turn, please.
勿讲中国式英语--火车晚点了
?最近各地普降大雪，火车晚点是正常现象了，那么―火车晚点了‖怎么说呢？
?一起来看看吧。
?Chinese Style：The train was late about an hour.
American Style：The train was about an hour late.
勿讲中国式英语：真眼红啊
―他买的新车，真让我眼红啊。‖怎么说呢？
Chinese Style：The new car
that he bought makes me so red-eyed .
American Style：The new car he bought makes me so green-eyed .
red-eyed红眼睛的，眼圈红的
green-eyed 眼红嫉妒的
混合词(Blends)
＃Amerind生活在美国的印第安人-- American(美国人) + Indian(印第安人)
＃fruice果汁饮料---fruit(水果) + juice(果汁)
用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语, 与汉语的发音有些相似，如:
用单词的发音进行推测
另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用的音译, 如, sofa , coffee , aspirin ，
nylon 等. 因此, 利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段.
通过文中的定义猜测词义
＃be known as意为―以……著称‖。当主语是表示人的名词时，表示―以某种身份而出名‖。
通过文中的定义猜测词义
＃Michael Jackson is known as a popular
singer.
＃Socrates was
known as a great
Greek thinker.
猜测词义
?sink go down under
the surface of a liquid
or soft substance 下沉; 沉没
?think use the mind in
an active way to form
connected ideas 想; 思索; 思考
通过同义词猜测词义
＃that is (to say) 也就是说
Michael is a good
student, that is (to
say), he gets good
grades in school.
通过同义词猜测词义
＃in other words是一个固定词组，作―换句话说‖解，用以对上文所述的内容作补充说明，相当于that
is to say(也就是说)的意思。例如：
通过同义词猜测词义
＃He often breaks his word. In other words, he is a liar.
＃John was known as a double-faced man. In
other words, he was not an honest man.
形容词的褒义和贬义
比如―瘦‖可以用slender，
slim，lean, thin，skinny
underweight，等来表达，而slender表示―苗条‖是褒义的，skinny却是贬义的，underweight则是中性的词。
形容词的褒义和贬义
即使同是褒义词，表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和
petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时，都意为―个子小‖的，但petite同时还有―匀称‖的意义，而little更强调―可爱的‖或―可怜的‖，根据不同的上下文，它还有―纤小‖、―娇小‖或―弱小‖等不同意义。
词汇解释
eccentric这个字原意是指有点怪怪的，跟weird、funny 和
strange 这几个字的意思差不多。但是如果你要形容一个人怪怪的，还是别用queer 来形容吧！因为太容易被误会了。比方说有个人每天不管晴天或下雨都要带一把伞，你可以说，"He is eccentric.―
"He is weird." 都行
词汇解释
＃The thing I like most
about my teacher is that
he is always punctual.我最喜欢我老师的一点是他总是很守时。
＃He was punctual to the
minute. 他非常守时。
词汇解释
stupid 这个字很好用, 它含有轻视, 不以为然的味道在里面, 比如说考试题目出的很烂, 你就可以说, that's a stupid test. 或是有人在冬天的时候提议去游泳, 你的反应大概就会是, That's a
stupid idea. 个人觉得
stupid 不单只是笨的意思, 还有愚蠢的味道在里面.
词汇程度的差异
to like (to adore);
small (tiny);
big (huge, enormous, immense);
fine (excellent)
funny story
Millionaire
CEO: "My wife made a
millionaire out of me."
Assistant: "What were
you before?"
CEO:" A multimillionaire"
词汇解释
有些人一到外地旅游便会患上一种没有药医的病，就是?思乡病‘。每当他们看到任何熟悉的情景，都会勾起思乡之情，如果你也有思乡病，可自我形容说：I feel
home-sick.（我有思乡病）、I miss home.（我很想家）、
词汇解释
There is no place like
home（没有地方比家更好了）这句成语。它和另一句成语
Home,sweet home（家，可爱的家）Home, sweet home一语，现多用于感叹，例如从外地回家，你就可以说：Home,
sweet home!
扩展词汇
＃和sent 有关的:
assent (a = to) ,
consent (con =together) ,
dissent (dis = apart) ,
resent (re = again)
词汇讲解
gloomy, 表示忧郁的；暗淡的。
He looks gloomy today.
*gloomy 常用来形容―(天气等的)阴沉沉的‖，在此表示―烦闷、忧郁的感觉‖。
Our future seems gloomy.看来我们的前途暗淡。
词汇讲解
说事物一团糟，可以用mess一字，
The room is a mess和
The room is in a mess都是?房间一团糟‘。这个字还可用来说人：I'm (in) a mess即?我的情况糟透了‘。
词汇讲解
你还可以用at sixes and
sevens来说?乱七八糟‘或?（头脑）混乱‘，例如：(1) The room was at sixes and sevens（房子乱七八糟）。(2) I was at sixes and sevens, I
didn't know what to do（我一片混乱，不知道怎样做才好）。
词汇讲解
beat the band [美俚][作状语用]精力充沛地, 超过一切地; 猛烈地, 出众, 显眼Last night we were partying to beat the band.昨晚我们聚在一起简直玩疯了
文化背景
A red letter day 的中文意思就是：大喜日子。对于某个人来说，那是指发生好事的一天。例如，
"I'm lucky--my birthday is a
real red letter day. It's on
December 31, New Year's eve and all over the world people are out celebrating it."
词汇讲解
2?1üê?ceiling(ìì?¨°?)?1ê?roof(?Y?￥)￡??úí¨3￡?é????è?μ?ê?ê???2?μ?μ?￡?òa?ü1?hit the ceiling/roof (′òμ?ìì?¨°?/?Y?￥)￡?·?òaì??eà′2??é￡????òòaì?μ?oü??2?DD?￡?a2???ê1?ò?????eá?―±?ì?è?à×‖?aò??μ·¨￡?2?′í￡?
hit the ceilingoí±?ì?è?à×μ?è·ê?í?ò???òa??￡?ê?ò???2aè?′ó?-μ?è?2??á×?μ??ˉ×÷￡o词汇讲解
￡￡When Mary came home
at two o‘clock in the
morning, her father hit
the ceiling.
￡￡ My father always hits
the roof when I come
home with an ―F‖.
文化背景
习语―shoe is on the
other foot‖暗含有―风水轮流转‖之意，在不同语境下可译为―现在情形与以前不同啦‖，―今非昔比‖，―三十年河东，三十年河西‖。
文化背景
据说，19世纪以前，鞋和靴子是不分左右脚的，两只鞋随便换着穿。但是如果你的脚一直穿同一只鞋子，久而久之，鞋子的形状就会与穿鞋的脚一模一样。到了这时，如果左脚再穿右脚鞋——不好意思——今非昔比，你很难再像从前那样不分左右脚来穿鞋。
文化背景
随着时间的推移，现代意义上的―shoe is on the other
foot‖有了其比喻义：双方地位发生了变化（风水轮流转；三十年河东，三十年河西）；今非昔比（形势与以前不同了）。
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
高中英语猜词题技巧整 理版 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
1、定义或解释说明1. be called…3. means…4. be defined as… to We can feel acceleration, which is an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. the underlined word acceleration means _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. to make something mover faster 2、对比关系 1. but/however/yet/while… 2. otherwise/or/or else… 3. instead of though/as ◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. ◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. (2008江苏卷，A篇) We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(敌人). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you 3、因果关系 since/as/for/due to…therefore/thus/consequently……that/such…that ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. ◎ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的).
I am Carlos. I am from America, but I love Italian food. I have to take the orders and serve the food. I have two free evenings a week. But I always have to work on Friday and Saturday evenings when the restaurant is busy. The wages are not good, but I am nice to customers so I get a lot of tips. I am permanent so I get holiday pay --- three weeks a year. I go back to America and I see my family. There I don't have to serve food --- my mother serves me! 21. Carlos is a ____________. A. big restaurant owner B. chef C. waiter 22. Carlos loves ____________ food. A. Italian B. British C. American 23. Carlos works ____________. A. in the daytime B. in the evenings C. at lunchtime 24. The restaurant is usually busy ____________. A. on Friday and Saturday afternoons B. on Friday and Saturday evenings C. every day 25. Carlos gets ____________. A. holiday pay B. no tips from the customers C. good wages 答案： 21.C; 22.A; 23.B; 24.B; 25.A Xiaoyan: I'd like to do some exercise today. Is there a swimming pool near here? Polly: Yes, there are two actually. Xiaoyan: Where are they? Polly:There is the Springfield Pool just behind the shops and there's the New Street Pool further away. That one is much better. Xiaoyan: What's it like? Polly:Well, it has two pools. One is Olympic standard and the other is smaller but much warmer. It is really for children, but I go in there when I am cold. It has a sauna and a really
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具 体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析， 通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们 熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道 联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。 因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视 这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固 技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
英语阅读中的猜词技巧：阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。本文侧重对英语阅读中猜测技巧进行论述和介绍, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 大学英语教学大纲指出: 大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力。!阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。面对不同题材、不同话题, 我们即使已经掌握了上万个词汇量, 在阅读中, 还自然会遇到许多生词, 查阅字典固然是一种方法, 但我们不能也不可能每遇到一个生词就去查字典, 它不仅费时费力, 而且影响阅读速度和兴趣, 特别是在各类英语考试或竞赛中, 更不可能用此方法解决。理解词义是培养理解能力的首要基本功。我们除了平时下大力气来学习词汇外, 还要掌握阅读中猜测生词和理解词义的方法和技巧。 笔者根据几年的教学实践, 针对英语教学中猜词技巧的训练, 提出几点体会, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 一、弄清词形和词性 文章是由词组成的。弄清词性是理解词义的基本常识, 对于大体理解文章至关重要。一般而言, 名词, 充当主语、宾语或表语, 通常表示人或物,或某种抽象概念; 动词, 一般充当谓语, 表示某种行为; 形容词, 一般充当表语或定语成分, 表示性质、属性、大小、颜色等限定性特征; 副词, 通常充当状语, 修饰形容词或副词, 表示频率或程度; 介词, 除从属或固定搭配外, 多半跟时间、地点词组搭配。再者, 英语的词性往往可以从词尾来判断, 如具有- ica,l - fu,l - ous等词尾的词往往是形容词; 具有- ness, - ion, - ity等词尾的词绝大部分是名词。另一方面, 词性及其在句子中的作用, 常可由它前后的标志词!来判断, 如if in to, from, with 等介词和名词、代词组成短语; if when, unt il等可能引出从句; a，its等词后面往往是名词; can,may, must migh t等词后面一般是动词。 例如: 1. Cheryl Spanger suffers from HIV, staying at home for nearly 3 years.Cheryl Spanger和HIV 都可判断其名词, Ch ery l Spanger处在主语地位,HIV 处于宾语位子, 有谓语动词suffers from和staying at home可推断CherylSpanger是指人, 同时也可由su ffers from 可推断H IV是某种疾病或痛苦, 句子就可理解完整了。 2. He shed from the award ceremony andwatch ed itonTV at the back of thegymn asium.Shed 在句中处于谓语地位, 表示主语所发出的某种行为, 根据整句意思, 大体推测其意为离开!, 句子就可大致理解过关了。 3. If you practice speak ing Eng lish con sistently, you. llmak e i.tCons is ten tly是副词, 修饰practice, 表示p ract ice的程度, 句子就可轻松理解过关。 4. Because of th is posit ive method, I eagerly an swered all th e quest ion s.Pos it ive 是形容词, 表示某种性质情况, 根据上下文即可推测其义为好的!这方面的意思, 这与其确切含义积极的、正面的!十分接近, 句子就可顺利理解过关。 二、利用构词法猜测生词
高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧 一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一
高二英语学案 Date: 2017-5- Learning aims:教学目标 Ss will be able to ?Learn and summarize words guessing strategies ?Understand the importance of words guessing in reading comprehension ?Treat unfamiliar words in a positive way while reading Learning processes and Methods:过程与方法 Warm up→ Strategies learning →Practice→ Summary 话题导入—技巧习得—实操运用—方法小结 Step1 Warm up ?How do you deal with the new words or phrases that you come across while doing reading comprehension? ?近几年高考就词义猜测方面命题规律和趋势 1. 高考中题量相对稳定，一般为1-3小题； 2. 近年来难度略有增加，需在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案； 3. 增加了对短语及句意的猜测。 ?词义猜测题常用的设题方式: 1.The word “…” underlined probably means ___. 2.What does the word “…” refer to? 3.The underlined word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______. 4.By saying that“…”, the author means that ___. 5. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by _____. 6. Which of the following can take the place of /stand for the w ord “…”? Step 2 Guessing strategies learning 1. _________________________ Eg:This possibility was unforeseeable, because it almost never happened. un-________ fore__________ see___________ -able 2. _________________________ ①It will be very hard but also very brittle ----that is, it will break easily. ②Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________3. _________________________ ①Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ②John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. Signal words: _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________ ①Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.②The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的). Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________ Most women in Ghana— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old —— work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mother 6._______________________________ Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________ ①I have found Lucy is quite generous. For example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. ②On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. Signal words：________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 8._______________________________ ①We should also read the notes on the text at the back of the book. ②He took another look and found it was a 10-pound note. ③We always take notes in class. ④At first I was going to write Kathy a note, but then I decided to call her instead. ⑤Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes. ⑥Please note that this shop will be closed on Sundays. ⑦He keeps a diary to note what happens to him.
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧 摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。 关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法 在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。 高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法： 一根据解释猜词义 在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。 1、根据定义猜测词义 如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。 2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义 虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。在定语从句There are not many factories in Orkney, just two distilleries which make whisky and a few small …中,根据从句which make whisky 可以判断distillery 是a place where wine is made。 3、根据举例猜测词义
大学英语四六级阅读猜词技巧解读 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。【例二】In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。定义句的谓语动词多为：be， mean， deal with， be considered， to be， refer to， be called， be known as， define， represent， signify，constitute等。2、根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语【例一】Semantics， the study of the meaning of words， is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 在二语习得过程中，阅读理解的最主要障碍是词汇。从某种意义上讲，能否巧妙处理阅读理解中遇到的生词或熟词新义问题，是快捷突破英语阅读理解瓶颈的关键。由于我们不可能对所有的英语词汇都有所了解和掌握，所以应用猜词技巧，判断出困扰文章阅读理解词汇的正确含义就显得意义非凡。 一、根据构词法猜测词义 在英语词汇中，有相当一部分单词是通过派生、转化、合成构成的，乍看起来，这个词好像是个生词，但是依据三种构词法就能很快判断出这一生词的词义和词性。例如：Because of the many violent storms, the Triangle is often impassable, 中的impassabel是由前缀im-(not的意思）和passable(可通过的）两部分组成，所以，impassable的意思就是“不能通行的”。 二、根据与上下文之间的关系猜测词义 生词不是孤立的，封闭的，它出现于期中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系可推测出生词的含义。例如：Drinking some icy water from the river in front of the bear
trap and splashing a lot of water over my head brought me fully to my senses. 并列的两个动名词短语所提供的相关信息（喝冰冷的河水，再往头上洒大量的水）足以说明brought me fully to my senses 的意思，即“使我完全清醒了”。 三、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，可以利用提示语来判断生词的含义。比如说，如果句子中出现that is, namely, or 等单词或短语，那么这些短语的上下文之间通常是同义词的关系。另外，有时候逗号、括号、破折后等标点符号常被用来表示两个相邻的词（组）为同义词（组）或近义词（组），这些标点符号也为我们理解生词提供了线索。例：Lydia briefly stated that they were going to choose a treasurer, namely a person responsible for the money and acounts for the committee. 这句话的意思说是：莉亚迪简单地陈述了她们将要为委员会选出一个人，这个人负责处理钱财和账务，根据“namely”(也就是）来判断，“treasurer”的意思是“财务管理人”了。 四、根据对比关系猜测词义 在文章中，常有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据表示转折、对比等的连词，如
Directions: Guess the meaning of each underlined word. 1.The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye． 2.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water． 3.Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully． 4.The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries A．D． 5. A glacier is a river of ice. 6. The nation’s skies were temporarily closed to all air travel. Travelers remain frightened and are avoiding flying. 7. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 8. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, but his wife is very thrifty. 9. The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. 10. The lack of movement caused the muscle to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the game again. 11. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 12. My uncle was a nomad, an incurable wanderer who could never stay in one place. 13. Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off，usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether． 14. Insomnia is the inability of fall asleep or sleep restlessly． 15. More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations. 16. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 17. Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine (脊骨). 18. Saint Valentine’s Day is a time of happiness for lovers．Boys like to give girls flowers as presents．On that day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand． 19. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him． 20. The woman's feet hurt, so she went to a podiatrist． 21. Mr. Smith always arrive home punctually，neither early nor late．