句子成分
一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
常见错误分析
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。
改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.
2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.
3.Go home at once is his decision
4.Make more friends will do good to us.
5.I’m like computer very much.
6.The story was happening the year before last.
二．宾语：
1．动作的承受者-----动宾
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?
3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
常见错误分析
1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。
改错：①I am fond of play basketball.
②He’s crazy about read story books.
③I am sorry for late.
④I felt terribly sad for absent from class.
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。
改错：①I enjoy make friends with everyone.
②He wanted go home at once.
三表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
英语中常见的系动词及其分类。
①状态系动词：用来表示主语状态：即be 。常译为是
②持续系动词：用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie 、stand 、exist等。常译为保持，依然是
I hope you will keep fit.
We can remain friends.
Please stay seated
③变化系动词：用来表示主语变成什么样，主要包括：become 、grow 、turn 、get 、fall 、go 、come 、run 等。常译为变得
He went mad.
His hair turned grey.
I fell ill.
④结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有：prove to be ,turn out to be 。常译为结果是seem 、appear 、look.
⑤感官系动词：主要有feel 、smell 、sound 、taste ，seem 、appear 、look。
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
Now I feel tired.
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
He is a teacher. （名词）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten.（数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
常见错误分析：
1：动词及其短语在作句子的表语时，需用其非谓语形式，其中to do 表将来的主动性动作，doing 表正在进行的主动性动作，有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征；done 表示被动的已完成的动作。
选择：
①My hobby is ＿＿basketball.
A: play B: playing C: to play D: played
②The dog was so ＿＿in that toy.
A: interesting B: interested C: to interest D: interest
③My plan is ＿＿home immediately.
A: go B: to go C: gone D: going.
④Kity was ＿＿at everything he saw.
A: surprising B: surprise C: surprised D: to surprise
⑤I was ＿＿at my grades.
A: disappointed B: disappoint C: disappointing D: to disappoint 2：名词、代词做表语时，其数必须和主语保持一致。
改错：
①We are student.
②These are panda.
③It’s birds.
3：表语常用形容词，而不用其副词形式。
改错：
（1）He is sadly.
（2）He is friendly to everyone.
（3）The food smells bad but it tastes well.
(4)One year later, he turned a writer. (a)
(5)As time went on, his idea was proved right.
四．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1：实义动词及其短语作谓语
A stitch in time saves nine.
2：情态动词+动词原形作谓语
The law can not make all men equal ,but they are equal before the law.
3：助动词+实义动词或系动词（多为动词原形）作谓语
You’d better go now ,or you’ll be late for the interview.
4：系动词+表语作谓语
常见错误分析：
1：系动词+表语（名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……）才能构成完整的谓语。注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。
改错。
①He at home now.
②I against / for the plan.
③I in favor of this idea.
④The light on / off then.
⑤He dead now.
⑥I fond of pandas.
⑦He always interested in English.
⑧The book worth reading.
⑨I eager to get your help.
⑩The girl dressed in white then.
⑾My plan to do some shopping today.
⑿I into playing table tennis.
⒀My aim to teach you well.
⒁Tom devoted to his job then.
2：情态动词和助动词虽有实义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语，尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多，处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词，多为be 的合适形式。
改错：
①You can’t late again.
②He may at home.