四级考试阅读选词填空技巧汇总
大学英语四级考试的阅读部分，除了传统的两篇仔细阅读和一篇快速阅读，还有一种让考生普遍头痛的考法：选词填空。选词填空的考察形式是：一篇280词左右的文章，文章中挖出10个空，并统一给出A-O15个备选答案。
选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于：
1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大；
2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大；
3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。
选词填空对我们来说是难度较大的一道试题，具有较强的区分度，解答这一题型要做到三点：
1. 把握全文中心和作者态度；
2. 掌握段落之间联系；
3. 明确句子前后及内部逻辑关系。
因此，针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步：
1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；
2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；
3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。
四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用：
常见名词后缀：
-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession -ity，如：quality，diversity
常见动词后缀：-ate，如：estimate，generate
-en，如：widen，worsen
常见形容词后缀：
-able，如：stable，affordable
-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive -ous，如：unconscious，enormous
常见副词后缀：
-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，
在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：
名词：
通常来说，冠词（如a，an，the）、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n.”，举例说明：
Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”
As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”
较难的一个例子：Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，husbands and children now do some of these jobs，这是一个完整的句子，主语husbands and children，谓语动词do，宾语some of these jobs；后面的that引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是a后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法，根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。”
动词：
动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种：
1. 主语后缺谓语动词。
举例说明：
He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”
That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里，who___ in pain medicine是physicians的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是who，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而physicians是复数，这就决定了who也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”
2. 当出现“一个完整的句子 + ，____ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。
举例说明：
The rainfall is increased across South America, ___ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词ing或动词ed，选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看，bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之间是主动关系，即“the rainfall brings floods”，所以用bringing 无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。
3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。
举例说明：
In particular, when older patients ___ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when的从句里有主语patients但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were和would都是一般过去时，因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。
形容词：
当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词
举例说明：
The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。
副词：
1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。
举例说明：
Today, we lake pain _____. （07-6）这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。
2. 当一句话出现“主语 + ___ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。
举例说明：
In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.主语是students，谓语是outperform，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。
记背选词填空选项的重点范围：
1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词
2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项
3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇
Passage One
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give
purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.
A)exposure B)character s C)answer D)chem ically
E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)tra nsfer
I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape
M)response N)backward O)essential ANSWERS:
1.选O）。
此处应填形容词。前文中说人们正在失去放松的休闲方式，But转折表明作者对relaxation的重视态度，只有essential“必须的，重要的”符合文意。
2.选E）。
此处应填动词。前句说Stress is a natural part of everyday life“压力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”，说明人们不能避免压力。选项中只有avoid的意思为“避免，消除”，故E）avoid正确。
3.选J）。
此处应填名词。前面说有压力并不是坏事，适当的压力能给人以动力，能赋予人生活的意义。只有在什么时候，压力才会导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。根据上下文可知get out of control“压力失控”的时候，才会有不好的结果，故选J）control。
4.选B）。
此处应填名词。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕压力”是一些人的性格特点，选项中可以表示人的性格特点的词只有character s，故选B）。
5.选I）。
此处应填形容词，修饰名词difficulties。一些人遇到......的困难就灰心丧气，选项中的形容词中，unusual“不同寻常的”可以说明困难的程度，故选择I）。
6.选F）。
此处应填副词，与physically相对应，在此physically作为“身体上的”解释。选项中的副词有chemically“化学地”和psychologically“精神地”，很明显两个副词中选择F）psychologically。
7.选G）。
此处应填形容词，修饰名词days。...days与后文中的today相对应，形成对比。选项中的是primitive，即将人类的早期和人类的今天做比较，故选G）。而N）backward 说明的是社会发展的状态，不符合原文意思。
8.选M）。
此处填名词。前句说，在人类的早期，选择不同就意味着生与死的差别；而现在人们碰到的危机不可能那样极端。后面but转折，说明了不管是压力的大小，人们都是在“避免”和“战斗”之间选择，下句中的such a reaction也可以说明人们对压力的反应是一样的，选项中的名词answer和response中，M）response=reaction符合文意。
9.选A）。
根据上题，这种反应长时间持续的原因就是长时间的面对压力，选项中的exposure“暴露的状态，受影响”符合上下文意思，故选择A）exposure。
10.选K）。
此处要填动词原形，和from构成动介搭配。人们应想办法应对压力，而不是将它......出人们的生活。选项中的transfer表示“转移”不符合原文意思；remove“移动，移除”可以和from连用，表示“除掉，移开”，符合原文意思，故选K）。
Passage Two
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts
Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
[A]compare [B]responsible [C]useful [D]a dded
[E]find [F]reference [G]indirect [H]met hod
[I]successful [J]combined [K]Necessarily [L]capacity
[M]ability [N]Basically [O]adopt Answers:
1.选B）。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect 不能与for连用，排除；剩余几项中只有B）responsible 意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。
2.选O）。
此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt 最符合原文意思，故选O).
3.选H）。
此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H）method。
4.选I）。
此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I）seccessful更符合原文意思。
5.选D）。
此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值...起来to give a total value"得出总分值"，选项中有added 和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意为“把...结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D）added最符合文意。
6.选M）。
此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”；前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M）ability。
7.选F）。
此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与...无关”。故选F）reference。
8.选A）。
此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的（工作价值）”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A）正确。
9.选K）。
此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与
Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。
10.选G）。
此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done"易于评估的工作"，通常用现金奖励办法；而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G）indirect符合原句的意思。
Passage Three
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly [F]professional [G]character[H ]individuality
[I]inspire [J]differently [K]expect [L]practic al
[M]recall [N]lose [O]ordinary
ANSWERS:
1.选B）。
从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
2.选F）。
此处应填形容词。从more...than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有pro fessional“职业的”和civilian 相对的，故F）正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。
3.选K）。
由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望（得到）”的单词，只有K）expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。
4.选I）。
此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
5.选A）。
此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A）skill 符合原文意思。
6.选N）。
此处应填动词。...step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N）lose。
7.选L）。
此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L）pratical 符合原文意思。
8.选H）。
此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H）individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。
9.选D）。
此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D）正确。
10.选E）。
此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E）similarly与alike意思相近，故选E）。
Passage Four (第一次四级模拟考试用)
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several __1__ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural __2__. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to __3__ to "England" because their inhabitants are not __4__ "English". They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is __5__ to the others. These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to __6__ their national character istics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more ture of the __7__ areas where traditional ife has not been so affected by the __8__ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather __9__ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic __10__ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
[A]incomprehensible [B]temper [C]remote
[D]separate
[E]understandable [F]forget [G]generally [
H]temperament
[I]preserve [J]strictly [K]traditional [L]rese rve
[M]growth [N]apply [O]belong
Answers:
1.选D）。
此处应填形容词，修饰名词parts。文章首句即提出观点Britain is not just one country and one people“英国不只是一个国家和一个民族”，又从后文的invided into, each part以及Individual country可知英国被分成几个分离的部分，选项中只有separate表达了这个意思，故D）正确。
2.选K）。
此处应填名词。选项中有四个词temper, temperament, traditions和growth,语言等是一个民族的文化传统，故这里应该填K）traditions，其他几个名词不符合上下文。
3.选O）。
此处应填动词原形。前文中说明英国被分成独立的几部分，各自保存自己的文化传统；后文中because...说明苏格兰、北爱尔兰以及威尔士的居民不承认自己是“English”，说明他们并不承认自己属于“England”，故这里应该选择O）belong。apply也可以和to连用，但apply to表示“将...应用于”，不符合上下文意思。
4.选J）。
此处应填形容词或副词。选项中的副词有generally和strictly，文中要表达的意思是因为这几个部分都有自己的语言和文化传统，所以严格来说，他们不是“English”，但他们都属于English。故J）strictly符合文意。generally“一般地，大体地”放在原文意义上不够严谨。三个形容词不能使语义通顺。
5.选A）。
从前文中prefer to speak their own native tongue即苏格兰语、苏格兰语和威尔士语，那么这些语言对the others（见注释1）来说是陌生的，听不懂的。那么就不难从选项中的incomprehensible和understandable中选择前者，故A）incomprehensible“不能理解的”正确。
6.选I）。
由manage to结构可知此处要填的是动词原形。选项中的动词原形还有forget，preserve和reserve。从下文中traditional life has not been so affected,可知他们成功地保存了自己的传统，排除forget；reserve和presserve 都有“保存”的意思，前者指存留起来以派别的用场，后者指想办法保持原样，强调抵制破坏因素，故I）preserve符合文意。
7.选C）。
此处应填形容词。从后文where traditional life has not been so affected by the ... of industrialis"人们的传统生活受工业化...的影响没有那么大的地方"可以推知，这些地方是比较偏远的地方，选项中的C）remote“偏僻的，遥远的”符合上下文意思。
8.选M）。
border area“边界地区”的工业化发展的比remote area 要快，所以此处要填的词是表示上升、增长的词，表示工业化的发展，选项M）growth“增长，发展”符合上下文意思。
9.选F）。
would rather和prefer意思相同，后面是宁愿让人记住他们的好的东西：民歌，舞蹈等。前面说的是过分节俭的坏名声，所以填入动词的意思应该与remember意思相反，选项中的F）forget符合上下文意思。
10.选H）。
此处应填名词。选项中的名词还有temper和temperament。前者指脾气，指情绪上的主要特征，后者指特征、气质，尤指带感情色彩的个性和在社交上的个性。这里指的是整个凯尔特民族的特征，故H）temperament 正确。
Passage Five
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing with out holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid __5__ lang uage. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharp __8__ of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more
__10__ to seek improvement.
A)priority B)criticism C)contained
D)clearly
E)adventurous F ）
discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage
L)expressed
M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed
答案及解析:
1. 选I ）。由该句中的has 可知，此处应填动词过去
式，且表达的含义应和后面的consider…unimportant 相近，故应排除contained 和expressed
而选择ignored 。
2. 选A ）。此处应填名词，但能与后面over 构成固定搭配的名词只有priority ，故排除了criticism 和motivation 。
3. 选M). 由空格前面的and 可知，此处应填副词和freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且…… 地表达自己，选项中只有confidently “自信地“符合题意。
4. 选N ）。很明显这里应填形容词，选项中terrible ，difficult 后接事物名词something ，只有adventurous 和bright 可用来形容somebody （child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。
5. 选E ）。由前一句中的be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的avoid 可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous 符合题意。
6. 选K ）。很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有encourage 和persuade 。由That’s why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除persuade 而选encourage。
7. 选H ）。此处应填形容词。由空格后面的too many spelling errors 和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。
8. 选B ）。此处应填名词。由后半句中a sad reflection on the teacher 可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。
9. 选C ）。此处填动词过去式，本句中由which 引导的从句是对essay 的解释，剩余选项中contained 和expressed ，根据句意，文章…… 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，故只有contained 符合题意。10. 选G ）。此处应填名词。根据句意，如果老师更注重学生思想的表达的话，会给学生更大的动力去寻求提高；故排除motive “动机，原因”而选motivation 。
第一篇 Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that's a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies．(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around．)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have found that the Pacific Ocean's decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L．helicina's thin shells． The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern California，going over each with a scanning electron microscope．More than half of the shells(53％)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of “severe dissolution damage，”while 24％of(41) __________ individuals suffered dissolution damage．The study's(42)__________ investigator, Dr. Nina Bednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L．helicina shells as having a texture not unlike “cauliflower” or “sandpaper．” According to the paper，there was a “strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and “the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water ” near the ocean's surface．The researchers conclude “shell dissolution owing to(human．caused ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre．industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction．Moreover, the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear, as damaged shells make it harder for L．helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators． I. noticed A. showed J. correlation B. recently K. encouraging? C. protected L. seaward D. commonly M. acidification E. derived N. grim F. samples O. pollution G. offshore H. principal 词性归类 答案解析
2016年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案 第一套 PARTⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male”and“female ”brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender. In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences throughout the entire human brain
XX大学英语四级阅读选词填空测试题 xx大学英语四级阅读选词填空测试题 The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well—grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged—a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a step further by remaining
2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It's __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend 48 L negative 49 H efficiently 50 B associated 51 A alert 52 J function/ 53 F definitely 54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？ 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology
2020 年四级选词填空练习及参考译文(4) Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 t0 45 are based on thefollowingpassage. Judges at last weekend’s Pizza World Championship held in Parma ，Italy,(36)__________the world’s top marghefita pizza title to Australian chef Johnny Di Francesco，owner of the 400 Gradi restaurant in Brunswick，a Melbourne suburb. Di Francesco ，36，beat more than 600 competitors from 35 countries to take ,home the Specialita Traditionale Garantita pizza prize in the(37)__________competition. The win and subsequent publicity has made the small restaurant he owns in his hornetown all(38)__________sensation(知名人物). “It ’s been all amazing reaction，” Di Francesco tells CNN“.Honestly,I just went to Naples to do what I love.I didn ’t think it was going to make such a(39)__________. ”
2012年6月英语四级考试作文及答案 Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议 On Excessive Packagi ng In con temporary society, it has become a trend for many products or items to be excessively packaged. In the mean while, an in creas ing nu mber of customers find it more expensive to purchase these goods. Taking a look around, we can find a great many examples in supermarkets: excessive packages of food, clothes and gifts. It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse. In the first place, some customers' psychological need is the root cause. These packages bring the sense of beauty, arouse people's enthusiasm to buy, and help manufacturers to promote sale. In the second place, it is these packages that enable shops to build up a foundation for advertising. As a matter of fact, industries in mounting numbers have come to realize the n ecessity of packagi ng for sale. However, as a customer, I am convinced that quality of goods is of great importanee. Thus, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acqua intan ces to buy goods without excessive packages. (170 words) 2011.06 Part I Writi ng (30 minu tes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outl ine give n below: 1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3.我的建议 On li ne Shopp ing 答案解析 Part I Writi ng 标准版 Doing Shopp ing On li ne With the developme nt of the Intern et, shopp ing is no Ion ger a tiri ng thi ng. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don't even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, people's opinions vary on this trend. Somebelieve that on line shopping is time and money sav ing. With ple ntiful select ion optio ns, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist that mis-purchasing alone is annoying eno ugh, not to men ti on the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their acco un ts.
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs. [A] accommodations [B] clumsy [C] doubtfully [D] exceptions [E] expand [F] historic [G] incredibly [H] powering [I] protect [J] reduced [K] replace [L] sense [M] shifted [N] supplying [O] vast
大学英语四级选词填空练习（二十七） Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly __1__ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was __2__ to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, __3__ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up __4__ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable __5__ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad __6__. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even __7__ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __8__. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a __9__. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can __10__ wonders. [A] accomplish [B] advanced [C] balloon [D] claim [E] constantly [F] declare [G] interviews [H] limited [I] manufacture [J] moments
最新英语四级选词填空练习题和答案 Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by
2017 年英语四级阅读理解选词填空训练题Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage. A pioneering study into the effects of a mother’s fat intake during pregnancy on her child’s health when he or she grows up is being launched at the University of Southampton. The research will investigate whether the type and amount of fat a mother eats during pregnancy 11 the risk of heart disease, 12 high blood pressure, in her child when he or she reaches adulthood. Although the link between high fat diets and high blood pressure is well known, there has been 13 research into the connection between a woman’s diet and her child’s risk of hypertension (高血压). The study, which is 14 by the British Heart Foundation, is led by Dr Graham Burdge, British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science. The award of this 15 grant is part of a ￡3.5 million boost for heart research in the UK by the British Heart Foundation. The charity’s special grants are made to fund research into the causes, prevention, 16 and treatment of heart disease, the UK’s biggest killer. Dr Burdge says, “The type and amount of fat in our diet has 17 during the past 50 years. Pregnant women 18 the same diet as the rest of us, but we know very little about the 19 of these changes in dietary (饮食的) fat on the development and future health of their children. We hope that the 20 of this study will help to develop recommendations for pregnant women about how much fat they should eat and what types of fat they should avoid.” A) funded I) consume B) diagnosis J) covering
2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 ［A］abilities ［I］extent ［B］achieve ［J］indicates ［C］appeal ［K］proceeds ［D］complaints ［L］psychological ［E］contributions ［M］raised ［F］displayed ［N］smart ［G］essentially ［O］standard ［H］eventually 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. M) raised 48. L) psychological 49. E) contributions 50. A) abilities 51. B) achieve 52. N) smart 53. I) extent 54. J) indicates 55. G) essentially 56. H) eventually 2010年6月英语四级考试真题 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__