第1讲定语从句
定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
考点一that/which/who/whom
Xiao Meng is a girl who/that①loves reading and she is also a girl who/whom/that②teachers often praise.Books that/which③ talk about love or adventures are her favorite.Journey to the West is the first book that④ Xiao Meng has read，and it is the best novel that④ she has read.Everything that④appears in the novel is interesting and both people and monsters that④are described in it make her fascinated.
①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，who引导。
②关系词指人作宾语，可以用that, who，whom 引导。
③关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that, which引导。
④关系词指物由形容词或副词最高级、序数词修饰，或者是关系词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。
1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充当主语或宾语，这些关系词叫关系代词。在上面的短文中的限制性定语从句中，that 出现频率最高。既可以作主语，也可以作宾语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
2．此外指物时只用that 不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。
即先行词指物被the very、the only、序数词、形容词或副词最高级修饰时，或者先行词既包括人也包括物时，或者先行词指物是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，定语从句用that引导。This is the very book that I have been looking for for several days.
这正是我找了好几天的那本书。
Is there anything that you want to say about this matter?
关于这件事你想说什么呢？
3．定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。
I still remember the people in the remote village who were friendly to me.
我仍然记得那些住在边远地区对我很友好的乡亲们。
The students who are interested in the activity should sign up for it in advance.
对这次活动感兴趣的同学们要提前报名。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．The dictionary that/which the gentleman bought half an hour ago was very expensive.
2．The lady who/that is(be) standing behind the counter is my sister.
3．The man who/whom/that I served was wearing a hat.
4．This is the third apple that she has eaten in the afternoon.
5．This is the only/very thing that I can do to solve the tricky problem.
6．That’s all that I know about the young man living next door.
7．When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons that they could remember in the school.
8．This is the best film that I have ever seen.
考点二as/which/whose
As①we all know/As①is known to all，Li Hua is a student whose②name is often seen in English examinations.But this year he didn’t make us write compositions for him，which③ made many students sad.How we miss the boy for whom④ we have written many compositions and we have prepared many situations in which④ he can’t write articles himself.
①位于句首，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用as引导定语从句。
②在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系“……的”，用关系代词whose。
③用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that。
④当介词提到关系代词之前时，若先行词指物，则关系词只能用which；若先行词指人，则关系词只能用whom。
1．whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在从句中作定语，表示先行词的所有格。即whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀：whose前后名，后名属前名。
This is the girl whose name is Li Mei.
这就是那个叫李梅的女孩。
He lives in a house whose windows face the north.
他住在窗户朝北的房子里。
2．只用which/whom而不用that的情况。
用在非限制性定语从句中或者动词短语中的介词提到关系代词之前，充当其宾语时。
注意：which既可以指某一个名词，也可以指前面的整个句子。
This is the company in which my father once worked.
这就是我父亲曾经在里面工作的公司。
There was no person to whom she could turn for help in the dark street.
在黑漆漆的街上没有她可以求助的人。
3．定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
4．常用as 的结构：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case，as 常常位于句首。
As was expected，he came late again.
正如我们所预料的那样，他又迟到了。
As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake.
正如每个人所看到的一样，这匹大象像一条蛇。
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．He is the student whose English is always at the top.
2．In our factory there are 2,000 workers，two thirds of whom are women.
3．He is working hard，which will make him pass the final exam.
4．As is known to all，there are 7 continents on the earth.
考点三when/where/why
Xiao Ming still remembers the day when① he was seriously punished by his father.The reason why② he was punished was that he played cellphone games for a whole weekend.His father brought him to a room where③ there was no others.After putting the cellphone into a basin which/that④was full of water，he told Xiao Ming about the days that/which④ he spent earning school fees by doing part-time jobs in a restaurant.This was the reason that/which④ his father told him not to play cellphones.
①先行词表示时间，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when。
②先行词表示原因，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词why。
③先行词表示地点，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where。
④先行词虽然表示地点、时间或原因，但是从句缺主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。
1．关系副词与关系代词的选择
从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋v i.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。
(1)The factory he once worked is closed now.
work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，work in the factory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用in which (which代替先行词the factory)。
(2)The factory he set up last year is operating well.
该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factory，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
2．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。
3．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。
(2)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体被称为氧气。
4．当the way 作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语还是作状语，用that一定正确。
I don’ t like the way that/in which he speaks to me.(关系词作方式状语)
They are looking for a way that/which is the most suitable for the problem.(关系词作主语)
点对点练习
单句语法填空
1．I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
2．The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study hard.
3．Gift shops in museums where people would buy souvenirs for themselves and their friends used to be the last stop of each visit.
单句语法填空
1．Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
she opened with her late husband Les.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
答案which
解析分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故填which。
2．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
答案who/that
解析先行词为masters，且限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系词who/that。
3．We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(2019·江苏) 答案when
解析句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系词when。
定语从句解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
层级一基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．The old man turned his business over to his younger son，made his elder son discouraged.
答案which
解析设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。
2．I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
答案where
解析设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。
3．There they met people from other parts of the country，had also volunteered to help. 答案who
解析分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。
4．There are many good websites you can check out the latest in the science world.
答案where
解析先行词为websites，将先行词代入定语从句后为：you can check out the latest in the
science world on the websites，由此可知，先行词在定语从句中与介词on一起作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
5．The system，can be the most advanced in many ways，will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world.
答案which
解析设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the system，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which。
6．He decided to go to Stanford because there were many opportunities for people
wanted to work in Silicon Valley.
答案who/that
解析people为先行词，从句中缺主语，故用who/that。
7．His interest started a few years ago，he was in college and studying wildlife science. 答案when
解析先行词为a few years ago，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。
8．Then Needham began his lifelong research，ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Ci v ilisation in China.
答案which
解析根据设空处前的逗号可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句；先行词为his lifelong research，将先行词代入定语从句后为：his lifelong research ended up creating the greatest work—Science and Civilisation in China，由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指物，故填which。
9．This woman has set a good example to her son，is a really lucky guy.
答案who
解析分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且先行词为her son，并在从句中作主语，故填who。
10．Over the years，I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，way of talking about people inspired me.
答案whose
解析引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice，故填whose。
层级二高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
答案where
解析分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2．In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
答案whose
解析此处为定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
答案which/that
解析此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
4．The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．(2019·北京) 答案who
解析“are totally engaged(参与) in academic life”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，且空格处在从句中作主语，指代人，故填who。
5．Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
(2019·天津) 答案where
解析分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。
6．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
答案that/which
解析分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。
7．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
答案that/which
解析设空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，故用that/which。
8．Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018·浙江)
答案who/that
解析空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，并在从句中作主语，故用who/that 引导定语从句。
9．Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2018·江苏) 答案where
解析设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为“China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in the area”，由此可知，先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。
10．But Sarah，has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
答案who
解析分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，指人，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。
层级三语篇提能练
语法填空
There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an
English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3. I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide,4. teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5. I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7. encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
1．答案when
解析先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。
2．答案why
解析先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。
3．答案where
解析先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。
4．答案whose
解析先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whose。
5．答案whom
解析此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。
6．答案that/which
解析定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。7．答案who
解析非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
8．答案which
解析非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。
9．答案which
解析非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，要用which。10．答案As
解析非限制性定语从句中要用关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”并放在句首，意为“正如”，故用As。
不同语境中定语从句的使用
1．邀请信
典例(2015·全国Ⅱ)我写信邀请你来看我们学校举办的汉服表演。
I’m writing to invite you to enjoy a hanfu show which will be hosted by our school.
运用(2019·全国Ⅲ)我给你写信的目的是邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which will be held in our school next Saturday.
2．申请信(1)
典例(2019·全国Ⅰ)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。
I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it，which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well.
运用(2018·浙江)我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
I have a good command of English，which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely.
3．申请信(2)
典例(2019·全国Ⅰ)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。
I’m writing to apply to work as a volunteer that you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
运用(2018·浙江)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
I’m writing to apply for the position that the English Association of our school offers.
4．通知(1)
典例(2018·全国Ⅱ)Gro w ing Together这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校报告厅放映。
The movie Gro w ing together，which is about the development of our school，will be shown in the school hall from 2∶00 to 4∶00 in the afternoon on June 17th.
运用(2019·全国Ⅲ)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。
The concert，which includes various fantastic performances played by talented students，will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning.
5．通知(2)
典例(2018·全国Ⅱ)据要求，任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。
Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
运用(2014·辽宁)任何想参加该活动的同学，请通过lihua@https://www.doczj.com/doc/b519123414.html,与李华联系。
Anyone who wants to take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua@https://www.doczj.com/doc/b519123414.html,.
6．感谢信
典例(2019·浙江)我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。
I am grateful to you for everything you did for me to improve my English.
运用你告诉我的每一件事都帮助我更好地了解了英国的文化。
Everything you told me helped me to have a better understanding of English culture.
7．推荐信
典例(2017·北京)我强烈推荐的旅行线路是长江之旅。
The trip that I strongly recommend is the tour along the Yangtze River.
运用(2018·北京)我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University，which is one of the best universities in China.
8．建议信
典例(2008·全国Ⅱ)以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese，which I hope will be of help to you.
运用以下是一些怎样克服考前焦虑的建议，希望能对你有好处。
Here are some suggestions about how to get over your anxiety before exams，which I hope will be beneficial to you.
第1讲定语从句 [全国卷考情分析]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2019·石家庄检测一)A new teacher will teach you German will come here tomorrow. who[考查定语从句。从结构上看，空处是关系代词，修饰先行词A new teacher，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。] 2．(2019·重庆第一次调研)The park offers visitors a sight of nature at majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.
which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at majorities...a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故填which。] 3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment. that/which[考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。] Ⅱ.单句改错 4．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it. someone后加who[考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。] 5．(2019·吉林省吉大附中模拟)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth. 在bridge后加that或which[分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，can serve为从句的谓语，与helps之间无词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。故在bridge后加that或which。] 6．(2019·江西名校联盟5月检测)One day，Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back，what didn't surprise me. what→which[分析句子结构可知，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语，what不能引导定语从句。] [要点解读] 1．关系代词的基本用法
第1讲定语从句 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 考点一that/which/who/whom Xiao Meng is a girl who/that①loves reading and she is also a girl who/whom/that②teachers often praise.Books that/which③ talk about love or adventures are her favorite.Journey to the West is the first book that④ Xiao Meng has read，and it is the best novel that④ she has read.Everything that④appears in the novel is interesting and both people and monsters that④are described in it make her fascinated. ①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，who引导。 ②关系词指人作宾语，可以用that, who，whom 引导。 ③关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that, which引导。 ④关系词指物由形容词或副词最高级、序数词修饰，或者是关系词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。 1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充当主语或宾语，这些关系词叫关系代词。在上面的短文中的限制性定语从句中，that 出现频率最高。既可以作主语，也可以作宾语，既可以指人，也可以指物。 2．此外指物时只用that 不用which的情况的口诀：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。
定语从句 一、定语从句的定义 一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词代词进行限定的句子就叫定语从句。 1.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词 2.关系词：引导定语从句的词 3.定语从句结构=先行词+关系词+从句 二、关系词在句中的作用 1.连接主句和定语从句 2.指代前面的先行词 关系代词that 修饰物或人作主语或宾语 who 修饰人作主语 whom 修饰人作宾语 which 修饰物作主语或宾语 whose …的作定语 关系副词when 表时间副词 where 表地点副词 why 表原因副词 三、关系词的选择 定语从句会不会用，关键在于选对关系词，关系词的选择可根据2种情况来定： 1.看先行词 ⑴先行词是“物”：which,that,whose,where,when,why ⑵先行词是“人”：who,whom,that, whose 2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的成分 ⑴先行词：人+主语→who/that He is a man who never breaks his word. ⑵先行词：人+宾语→whom/that He is the man whom I think to be nice. ⑶先行词：物+主语→that/which The dog that/which won the race is Joe's. ⑷先行词：物+宾语→t hat/which(可省略) The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from my brother. ⑸先行词：物/人+定语→whose That is a book whose cover is blue. whose = of which（修饰物）/of whom（修饰人） 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 一、区别 1.形式上：
高考英语一轮语法讲义：定语从句精讲 什么是定语？ ■ ■■■只要听到…的+名词，….的就是修饰这个名词的定语成分 The innocent /naive nightingale died. The nightingale (brave and innocent) died. 4.非谓语动词作定语The singing nightingale lost his life. 5.从句作定语定语的位置——“前小后大” 当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前；当多个单词修饰名词时, 通常放在名词后。 o这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事。 This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose：. o那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会。 The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince. o被拒绝的那个男生看上去很可怜。 The boy rejected looks pitiful.
当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后。 o我有重要的事要告诉你。 I have something important to tell you. 当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后。 谁决定引导词的用法？ o I will never forget the day when I met you. 因为从句不缺主谓宾，that在定语从句中扮演代词的成分，代词只能作主或宾语，when为副词，所以不可以二o I will never forget the day that we spent. 缺宾语所以填that思考以下句子中的引导词为什么这么用？ o You had better have some reason why you are left. o You had better have some reason that sounds perfect. 1.看先行词，确定范围（3选1）.引导词在从句中能够充当的成分 优点：缩小选择范围缺点：依旧得不到正确答案定语从句引导词的分类新标准 引导词还可以按照引导词本身的词性分类，一共把引导词分成三类： L代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who, whom, that, which.副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）:where, when, why 2.形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose练习
高三一轮复习学案：定语从句 一、定语从句定义： 1）在复合句中，修饰或名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 2）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3）引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as. 关系副词where, when, why. 二、定语从句考点： I.关系代词引导的定语从句（关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语） 1) 注意先行词是人还是物: 先行词是人用：that, who, whom, whose 来引导定语从句。 先行词是物用：that, which, whose来引导定语从句。 The man _______ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. He told us a story _______ made everyone laugh. The room ______ windows face south is ours. 2)先行词是物时，只用that，不用which五种情况: ·当先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing ·当先行词被the only, the very, just the 等修饰时 ·当人和物合做先行词时 ·当先行词被序数词修饰时 ·当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 All _____ I want is peace and quiet. This is the very computer ___________I am eager to buy. He talked about the people and the things ___________he had seen in his hometown. The first lesson _____ they learned is the most difficult of all. This is the most boring book______I’ve ever read. 3) 定语从句中，介词前置时，介词后只能用which或whom, 即介词+which/whom. This is the book about ________ we talked yesterday. The boy of ___________the women is proud is his son. 关系副词引导的定语从句（关系副词在定语从句中充当状语, 关系副词=介词+which） I will never forget the day ___________I first came to Longwan High school. The building ______ he lives is very old. That is one of the reasons ____I hate you. 1）注意关系代词和关系副词的选择: Do you still remember the place _________ we visited last week? August 8th,2008 is the day_____________ the 29th Olympics started. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying. Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world. 2）case, situation, point, stage, position, 等作先行词时，如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，常被看做“抽象的地点”，这时用where引导定语从句，如： We will start at the point ______ we stopped. Sales(销售）director is a position __________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. There are many cases __________ students know the words but can’t use them properly. We have reached the stage __________we almost have no rights at all. II.非限制性定语从句: 1)不能用that 来引导，其他的关系词都可以。 She purchased a new car, _________was made in Germany. He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin.
高三一轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句 一、基本概念 1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。 二、基本结构 先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。 The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse. 三、关系代词和关系副词的区别 关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。 关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。 I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent in the remote village. I’ll never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village. 考点归纳 一、只能用that 不能用which的情况 1. 当先行词是“人+ 物”时，关系代词用that。 2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。 3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / every / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。
高考语法专题十四定语从句 语法训练10分钟一 1．(2021·课标Ⅰ卷)“You can't judge a book by its cover，”________． A．as the saying goes old B．goes as the old saying C．as the old saying goes D．goes as old the saying 解析：考查定语从句。考查as引导的定语从句，意为：正如古语所说。 答案：C 2．(2021·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：很多国家现在正在建立国家公园，动植物可以在这里得到疼惜。where animals and plants can be protected是定语从句，修饰先行词national parks，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。 答案：D 3．(2021·天津卷)We have launched another man－made satellite，________is announced in today's newspaper. A．that B．which C．who D．what 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今日的报纸宣布我们放射了另外一颗人造卫星。关系代词which 在这里指代前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语，故选B。 答案：B 4．(2021·重庆卷)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of________are family members. A. them B. that C. which D. whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意：John邀请了四十个人参与他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of________”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。 答案：D 5．(2021·山东卷)There is no simple answer，________is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where 解析：考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意。 答案：A 6．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. A．that B．which C．what D．when 解析：本题考查定语从句。句意：稍后我会告知你更多关于那晚的事，那晚我工作到很晚。先行词为that evening，将先行词代入定语从句后为：I will tell you more about that_evening later.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，且表示“物”，故用which引导。本题易误选D项，考生只看到先行词为表示时间的名词，但没有留意先行词在定语从句中的功能。 答案：B 7．(2022·天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选用。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的挂念，我绝不会有这个成就。依据句意及句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为Professor Smith，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Without Professor_Smith's help I would never have got this far.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作help 的定语，故答案为B项。 答案：B 8．(2022·山东卷)Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series. A．them B．that C．which D．what 解析：本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，两部小说都被改编成了电视剧。依据句子结构可知，逗号不能连接两个完整的分句，首先排解A；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排解B；what不是定语从句的引导词，故选C。 答案：C 9．(2022·江西卷)By 16：30，________ was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which B．when
第1讲定语从句(1) Warming up! 判断以下划线部分的句子成分 1.Our school is very beautiful. 2.He broke a piece of glass. 3.1see a man playing sports in from of my house. 4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5.All of us considered him honest. 6.He has the ability to speak fluent English. What is Attributive Clause? The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词关系代词Array定语从句 You must do everything thot I do. 先行词关系代词定语从句 ❹定语从句的要素 1.先行词:被修饰的名词、代词、或句子 2.|关系词|：连接主句和从句的词 3.从句中的谓语 。。解题三步走。。 ..... 』•划....2.看•#. 选 [Have a try】找出以下句子中的定语从句部分 1.Doraemon is the cartoon which I shared with lots of my classmates. 2.The TV show Running man which we can watch on Fridays makes weekends colorful than before. 3.The Fighting boys is a famous team that Miss Li knows well. 4.The day when I first met you was a wonderful day. 5.Is Angelababy is an actor who does well in singing songs? 6.Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 7.You told me to take anything that I wanted. 8.The building which they are visiting was built last year. 关系词 【Have a try 】 1.1用合适的关系词完成句子。
专题四定语从句 1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 答案：whose 句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行 词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语。 2．(2020·江苏高考，21)Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free. 答案：which 句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到资源，学生们可以从中免费选择。 此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语， 应使用关系代词which引导。 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les. 答案：which the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引 导非限制性定语从句。 4．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark. 答案：that/which 此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中 作主语，所以用that或which来引导。 5．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 答案：when 句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。设空处引导定语从 句，先行词是表示时间的名词an age，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语 从句。 6．(2018·浙江高考，57)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 答案：who/that 设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主 语，所以用who/that。 7．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. 答案：what→which逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，在 从句中作主语，what不能引导定语从句。故将what改为which。 8．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the
2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习（基础A版）（001） 定语从句知识点整理总结 01定义 定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的 例如，a good book, good就是定语 那么在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句 句型结构 ①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词 ②关系代词或关系副词（关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。） ③定语从句：一般放在先行词的后面 The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词关系词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 02关系代词或关系副词的具体用法 1、The student we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 2、We saw the student is the best runner in our school just now. 3、She has a brother name I can not remember 4、The club members are music fans meet in the school
garden every Saturday afternoon. 翻译5、我们认为你是那个我们可以获取到建议的人 （expect advice from） 翻译6、爸爸是那个我可以很容易交谈的人（talk to） 7、It rained the whole day he traveled with his family. 8、This is the reason my parents got home earlier. 9、The study is the place I often have talks with my father. 03 是不是全部做对了呀，真棒！ 没有完全正确的小伙伴们也别气馁哦，抓紧时间查漏补缺！ 1. that的用法 由关系代词that引导的定语从句的先行词是人或物。 that在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。 主要特点： ①that在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略。 ②不引导非限制性定语从句。 ③that前不加介词。
定语从句 一、基本概念 1.定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、关系代词的用法： 1. 当先行词为人时用who或that 作主语，whom或that作宾语； 2. 当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；指物时也可用that. 3. whose用作定语，可指人或物；指具体事物或抽象概念时，可与of+which结构互换，但词序不同；指人时可用of whom。 即whose+名词=the+名词+of which（或者=of which+the+名词）。 例如： whose cover That is the book the cover of which is blue. of which the cover 复习：Its cover is blue.=The cover of the book is blue. 注：①用of短语修饰的名词前应带“the”，而whose修饰的名词前不用冠词。 ②of短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whose只能放在名词前。 三、使用关系代词时的注意问题： 1. that与which的区别。 1）用that而不用which的情况： a.先行词为不定代词all, something, anything, everything, nothing, none等时； b.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最 高级时； c.先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, all等词修饰时； d.先行词既有人又有物时； e.当主句为以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时； e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 2）用which而不用that的情况：
高考英语一轮复习23：定语从句 一、单选题 1．Inspired by dolphins, people have learnt how to send signals underwater, ______ is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems. A．which B．that C．who D．what 【分析】受海豚的启发，人们已经学会了如何在水下发送信号，这目前被用于海啸预警系统。分析句子结构及句意可知，空处应填非限制性定语引导词，先行词是空前主句的内容，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故选A。 2．This is the village in ________ he was brought up. A．why B．that C．what D．which 【分析】这就是他长大的村子。分析可知，空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词village是地方，因此空格处用which，故选D。 3．The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, ______the Gaofen 3C radar satellite was launched on April 7, 2022, lies in northwestern China's Gobi Desert. A．from which B．of which C．to which D．on which 【分析】2022年4月7日，高分3号卫星从酒泉卫星发射中心发射，该发射中心位于中国西北部戈壁沙漠。the Gaofen 3C radar satellite was launched on April 7, 2022 是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center，指物，根据定语从句的意思可知，高分3C雷达卫星是从酒泉卫星发射中心发射的，所以可以用“介词from which”的结构，which指代the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center。故选A。 4．The women's soccer team has lifted the AFC Women's Asian Cup for the ninth time in 16 years, ______ is on account of its relentless fighting spirit. A．which B．when C．as D．that
2020届高考一轮复习英语语法专项四：定语从句 2020届高考一轮复习语法专项四：定语从句 （一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导 1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The comra de with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语） 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。 （二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 1、that与which的区别。 1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,
定语从句专项讲解 提问：定语是什么？ 修饰限定名词或代词的成分被称为定语。 举例: This is a beautiful flower. （形容词作定语，置前） This is a flower in the garden. （介词短语作定语，置后） This is 先行词 关系词 定语从句 定义：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 结构： 先行词+ 关系词+ 其他 关系词的用法: 1. 关系词的分类：1）关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose 2）关系副词： when, where, why (作状语) 2. 关系代词在句中充当成分
3. 关系代词的详细用法 ●who, whom的用法 1) who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省。 The girl who is in red is Lily. (作___________,不可省） I like the person who you are talking to. (作___________,可用whom/that替换或者省略) You are who you are. (作___________, 不可省) 2) whom在句中作宾语，限制性从句可省，非限制性从句中不能省略 I happened to meet the professor whom I got to know at a party yesterday.(作________,可省) I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. （_________后面不可省） ●whose的用法 whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语，whose = the n. +of which/whom e.g. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. (whose指人) = This is the scientist, ____________ the achievements are well known. e.g. I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. （whose指物） = I’d like a room______________ the window faces the sea.
第1讲定语从句经典精讲（上） 题一：All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that 题二：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 题三：A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 题四：I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 题五：The English song calls up the happy days ______ we spent together in our youth. A. in which B. that C. when D. who 题六：Since 1995, ______ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the net work.. A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time 题七：The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 题八：We went to the West Lake yesterday, , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world． A. where B. which C. that D. when 题九：Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which