一、教学目标
1.理解延续性动词与非延续性动词的定义，掌握基础的用法。
2.掌握英语中完成时态的用法。
3.理解并掌握宾语从句。
二、课型：新授课
三、课时：第四次课
四、教学重点：完成时态，宾语从句的用法。
五、教学步骤
（一）延续性动词与非延续性动词
1.定义
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
2.延续性动词的用法特征
（1）延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间（eg: for two years）, since从句（eg: since he came here）, since+时间点名词（eg: since last year）, during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。
例：I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。
（2）延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用
如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，前后显然矛盾。
如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
3.非延续动词的用法特征
（1）非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。
例:The train has arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？
（2）非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定句）。如：
误：He has died for three years. 正：He died three years ago.
误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days.
（3）非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
（4）非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型，意为“直到……
才……”。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才去睡觉。（5）非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”（从句谓语动词用非延续性动词），也可以是“时间段”（从句
谓语动词用延续性动词）；而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.（reach为终止性动词）
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.（be away为延续性动词短语）
（6）终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定句）。如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
（二）过去完成时
1.概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那时现在
2.构成形式：
①基本形式:had + 过去分词。如:
We had reached the top of the h。
②否定形式:had + not + 过去分词。如:
They hadn’t fini shed the work when we got there.
我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。
③一般疑问句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.如:
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?
他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?
—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)
④. 被动语态形式：had + been + 过去分词。如：
When I got there, the windows had been broken. 当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。
3.用法：
①用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。如:
My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。
②用在“after / before / when + 过去时态从句”或有“by+过去时间”的句子中。如:
Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.
在我回到家前,妈妈已经把饭做好了。
③和由for或since 引导的、表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here.
他搬到这儿前已经在那个厂子工作了五年。
注意：since与for的区别：
Since+时间点，for+一段时间
例：since ten years ago=for ten year s
（三）现在完成时
1.概念：现在完成时表示的是动作发生在过去，强调动作对现在的影响。
2.构成形式：
①肯定句：have/has done
②否定句：...have/has not done
③一般疑问句：Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.
④
already“已经”肯定句的中间和末尾处
never“从不”中间处
ever“曾经”疑问句和肯定句的中间处
just“刚刚”中间处
yet “已经” 、“还”疑问句、否定句的末尾处) 4.have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法区别（1）have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad
（2）have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（3）have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
（4）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时强调的是动作发生在过去并且对现在仍有影响。一般过去时强调的是过去发生的动作。例如：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
（5）现在完成时与过去完成时的比较：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而过去完成时表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。例如：
I have been there twice. 我去过那儿两次。
I had been there twice before I went to school. 在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。
（四）将来完成时
1.概念：将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
2.构成形式：shall(第一人称)/will（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词(done)
3.用法：
（1）.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
例：Pick me up at 8 o'clock,I will have had breakfast by then.
早上8点钟你来接我，到时我已经吃完早饭了。
We shall（will）have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home，I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。
（2）.表示推测，相当于"must have done"结构。
例：You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定会得到这个信息。
（3）.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间。
例：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。
（五）宾语从句
1.定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I know the man.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I know that the man is a policeman.
2.引导词
（1）.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她并不知道自己病得很重。
（2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
①Is Jim a good student? I don’t know
I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.
②Does Kate get up early? Do you know?
Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?
注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
?一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
?①与or not连用：
He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.
?②在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings
?③在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.（3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：
①What is she doing? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me what she is doing?
②Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know where she lives?
（4）时态
①如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定。
例：Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
②如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）
例：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
特殊情况：
①.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
Could you tell me where the bookshop is.
②.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。
附：上次作业
Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was __1__ to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?
They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to __2__. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.
People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was __3__. He had his gun with him__4_.
Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.
Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very __5__ mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to __6__ food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf __7__ the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his __8__ any more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were __9__. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.
Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to __10__ them and not to kill them.
1. A. seen B. told C. heard D. found
2. A. a small town B. a big city C. a far place D. a lonely village
3. A. afraid B. happy C. angry D. tired
4. A. at times B. all the time C. once a week D. every afternoon
5. A. bad B. good C. hungry D. thirsty
6. A. cook B. make C. get D. pick
7. A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with
8. A. food B. clothes C. gun D. plane
9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy D. not clear
10. A. grow B. have C. teach D. understand
名师点评
狼历来被世人视为凶残的动物,事实是否的确如此呢？带着这一疑问，Farley 进行了实地考察，在和狼进行了零距离的接触后, 改变了自己的观点。本文告诉我们要学会根据事实说话。
答案简析
1.B。Farley是政府工作人员。从上下文得知, 他是被派去进行调查和研究狼的习
性的，故选told。
2.C。根据下文飞机把Farley送到了一个没有房屋和人的地方, 说明了这个地方
不可能是城市,小镇和村庄故a far place为正确答案。
3.A。狼吃人的恐怖故事给孤身一人的Farley带来的应是afraid。
4.B。因为Farley害怕, 所以枪应始终不能离身。all the time意为“一直、始终”。
5.B。根据下文的描述，狼妈妈给孩子们喂奶，对孩子们进行训练，可见是一
位好妈妈，故选good。
6.C。狼只能猎取食物, 而不能烧食物, 生产食物。get合乎文意，为正确答案。
7.D。shout at意为“朝……大声叫喊”；look into意为“调查、观察”；laugh at意
为“嘲笑……”。这三个词组都不符文意。play with意为“和……一起玩耍”，合文意为正确答案。
8.C。the nice happy wolf family让Farley不再害怕，因此也就不再需要枪了，
故选择gun.。
9.B。因为他的亲身体验与他所听到的相违背，说明以前关于狼的说法是不对
的, 故选not true。
10. D。understand意为“了解”合乎文意，为正确答案。
瞬间动词转换成持续性动词 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与一段时间状语连用，须转换成持续性动词。 1.用相应的延续性动词替换的有： buy---have borrow---keep put on----wear catch/get a cold---have a cold come/go/become---be 等。 eg. 1.We have had the TV set for 3years. 2.I have kept the book for 2 weeks. 2.转换成be+名词的有： join the army----be a soldier join the Party----be a Party member go to school----be a student 等。 eg. 1.He has been a soldier for 5 years. 2She has been a student for 2 months. 3.转换成be+adj/adv. die—be dead finish—be over begin---be on leave---be away move----be out of
put on---be on open---be open close---be closed fall asleep------be asleep 等。 eg. He has been dead for 5 years. 4. 转换成be+介词短语 go to school----be in school join the army---be in the army 等。 eg. 1.She has been in the army for 2 years. 2.He has been in school for 9 years. 5.通过去掉短语中的结束性动词 get to know---know begin to study---study come to work----work eg. 1.We have known each other for 10 years. 2.He has study Chinese for 2 years. *瞬间动词完成时的否定式已成为一种可延性状态，因此可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 eg. 1.I haven’t heard from her for 6 months. 2.I haven’t bought anything for 2 months.
短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 1. borrow keep have kept 2. get to know know have known 3. catch a cold have a cold have had a cold 4. buy have have had 5. die be dead have been dead
6. open be open have been open 7. close be closed have been closed 8. get married be married have been married 9. fall ill be ill have been ill 10. fall asleep be asleep have been asleep 11. leave sp. be away from sp. Have been away from sp.
12. return be back have been back 13. go to bed be in bed have been in bed 14. come to the island be on the island have been on the island 15. go to sp./come to sp. be in sp. Have been in sp. 16. come here be here have been here 17. go there be there have been there 18. go out be out
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear；catch a cold →have a cold 等。例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一．延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:stuｄy, ｌearn，work, ｓｔanｄ,ｌie,ｋｎｏw, ｗalk, keep, ｈave,waiｔ, ｗａtch, sing，ｒeaｄ, sleep，li ｖe,ｓtaｙ等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在完成时中的句子中,且常与for，ｈoｗ，lｏng，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.foｒ+一段时间, eｇ: fｏｒ2 yeａｒs; fｏr a lonｇｔiｍｅ等 ２.since从句，siｎｃｅhe came ｈeｒe; ３.sincｅ＋时间点名词+agｏ, eｇ：since ｌast yeaｒ, ｓinｃe 5dａyｓago; 4.ｈoｗloｎg; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如：oｐeｎ,diｅ,clｏsｅ, beｇin，ｆinish,ｃoｍe, go, ｍove, boｒroｗ, lend, ｂｕy, move, happen,mａrry,ａrrive/rｅa ｃｈ, ｐost，fａlｌ, breaｋ, ｌｏsｅ,ｇｉve, jｏin, rｅｃeｉve,hear，he
间的的状语连用。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由ｈow loｎg提问的句子和含有ｆoｒ＋一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有：ｇo, cｏme，leave,aｒrive,lｏsｅ, lａnd, ｃatch，j ｏin, kilｌ，fiｎd等。 例如：1. Hｅhａｓjoinｅd tｈe ｃluｂforａlong time．( 错) 2.Hｅｈaｓbeenａmｅmbeｒof thｅclub ｆoｒa ｌong tiｍｅ.(对) 3．His gｒａｎdｆａther ｈａs died for ovｅr30 yeａrｓ. ( 错) 4. Hｉsｇｒａnｄfather hａs been dead for over 30 ｙearｓ. (对) 【注意】 之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词,是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结。故不能与表达“段”的长时间状语连用，不论是在进行时还是现在完成时中。 下面的例句是正确的： 1. He iｓdｙinｇ.
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性 动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在进行时和现在完成进行时；延续性动词还可以用于现在完成时与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。 上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正) 又如：-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 三、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 (只限肯定式)。如：
一．延续性动词和非延续性动词： ㈠延续性动词：表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。 drink喝have有talk说know 知道stand站立sleep睡觉sing唱歌wait等wear穿walk走work工作rain下雨keep保持snow 下雪eat 吃read读play玩live 居住smoke 抽烟lie躺着stay保持㈡终止性动词：（非延续性动词），表示行为或者动作是短暂瞬间完成的。come来fall倒borrow借admit承认break打破start开始join加入buy买jump跳lose丢open打开close关stop结束begin开始go走put放die死hit击中leave离开arrive到达marry结婚㈢两者的用法和区别： 1.延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，非延续动词不可用。 How long can I keep the book. 这本书我可以借多久？ They will work here till next Friday. 她们要在这里工作到下周五。 2.有时，非延续性动词也可以与表示一段时间的时间状语搭配，但这种表示一段时间的状语,实质上是表示一段时间内的某个时间“点”。 The play will start in half an hour. 这出戏半个小时后开始。 The fire broke out during the night. 火是夜间发生的。 3.非延续性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 While I came home, he was cooking dinner. (错) When I came home, he was cooking dinner. (对) 4.用延续性动词表示一时的动作，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come. When did you get to know him? 你什么时候认识他的？ They begin to see that they had made a serious mistake. 她们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。 5.非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的否定，此时可与表示一段时间的状语搭配。We did not find our seats till the play had begin. 我们直到戏开始时才找到位子。 We have not come here for ages. 我们多年没来这里了、 The rain has not stopped since three hours ago. 这雨已经下了三个小时了。 二：一般过去时和过去进行时的区分： ㈠一般过去时： ①概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态；过去经常，反复发生的动作。 ②时间状语：一段时间+ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, the other day(前几天），at that time(当时)，etc. ③基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他
中考英语延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束 不能与时间段连用。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, e, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与时间段连用，就把它转为延续性动词使用。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 但否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open---be open, close--- be closed fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, e here --- be here, go there --- be there, be e --- be, e back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away, go (get) out →be out，put on→wear get married ---- be married 等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习： 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have be e 5.You mustn't ________ until he es back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has e to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换(初中) 1. borrow keep have kept 2. get to know know have known 3. catch a cold have a cold have had a cold 4. buy have have had 5. die be dead have been dead 6. open be open have been open 7. close be closed have been closed 8. get married be married have been married 9. fall ill be ill have been ill 10. fall asleep be asleep have been asleep 11. leave sp. Be away from sp. Have been away from sp. 12. return be back have been back 13. go to bed be in bed have been in bed 14. come to the island be on the island have been on the island 15. go to sp./come to sp. Be in sp. Have been in sp. 16. come here be here have been here 17. go there be there have been there 18. go out be out have been out 19. get up be up have been up 20. start/ begin be on have been on 21. finish/ end be over have been over 22. become be have been 23. join be a member of have been a member of Be in have been in
现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。 在完成式中，一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy, borrow,die,leave,begin,join等）不能与 表示一段时间的状语（for, since, how long等）连用，此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. 女口：He borrowed a book two days ago.（用现在完成式表达） He has kept the book for two days. 他持有这本书两年了。 1、 _______________________________________________________________ 他三年前买了一辆车。 2、 _______________________________________________________________ 他两年前参了军。 答案：1、He has had a car for three years或He has bought a car.或He bought a car three years ago. 2、He has been in the army for two years或He has joined the army. He joined the army two years ago. 切记：有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词： His father has died. His father has been dead for three years. 他父亲已经去世三年了。 She has joined the Party/League. She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for two mon ths.
延续性动词与非延续性动词练习题 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。（一）、when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如：1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。（二）、while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。（三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如：1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候 一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如： -When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years.
瞬间动词与延续性动词 “瞬间动词”又叫终止性动词、点动词，表示动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此在现在完成时的句子中，瞬间动词不能直接与for/since 连用，需要转换成“延续性动词”。常用的请见5BP17表格。 Exercises 一、改错：横线划出错误的部分，并在后面的横线上改正。 1. How long have you begun to study English? ________________________ 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ________________________ 3. The river has become very dirty since last August.___________________ 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. ___________________________ 5. He has gone out for two years. ________________________ 二、选择 （）1. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died （）2. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for （）3. Have you met Mr. Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago （）4. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 leave—been away from buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead get up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be married finish--be over become--be come / go to —be in / at arrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / at join + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from
一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year. 二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have. －When did you have it? －At seven thirty. 注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如： How many words have you learned by heart? How did you learn them by heart? 三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago.
终止性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,点动词或短暂性动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. 终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: ⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. ⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 The film started two hours ago．→The film has been on for two hours． 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 Ⅰ. be 型 1. go there -- be there https://www.doczj.com/doc/b918791496.html,e here—be here https://www.doczj.com/doc/b918791496.html,e back—be back 4.die—be dead 5.leave—be away(from) 6.open—be open 7.close—be closed 8.go/get out—be out 9.finish/end-- be over 10.become—be 11.get up—be up 12.begin/start(上演)—be on 13. fall asleep-- be asleep 14.fall ill – be ill 15. move here/there --be here/there 16. get to… --be at/in 17.arrive at / in… -- be at / in 18.reach…-- be at/in 19.get married --be married 20.join—be in/be a member of join the Party-- be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party Ⅱ. 实义动词型 1.borrow-- keep 2. buy——have 3.Begin to teach—teach 4. get to know—know 5.Put on—wear 6. receive--have 7.catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from ［注意点］ 1．上述例词除borrow／buy／catch需转换为keep ／have外，其余均为“be＋adj．／adv．／n．”结构。2．非延续性动词并非不可用于现在完成时态中，只是不能和表示“一段”时间的短语连用，但可与just，yet，already ，ever，never等连用。例如： They have already come． He has just gone out．
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 1.have arrived in/at sp.got to/reached https://www.doczj.com/doc/b918791496.html,e/gone/moved sp= have been in sp 2.have gone/come back.returned=have been back 3.have come/gone out=have been out 4.have become=have been 5.have closed/opened=have been closed/open 6.have got up=have been up 7.have died=have been dead 8.have left sp=have been away from sp 9.have fallen asleep/gone to sleep=have been asleep 10.have finished/ended/completed=have been over 11.have married=have been married 12.have started/begun to do sth=have done sth 13.have begun =have been on
14.have borrowed/bought=have kept 15.have lost=haven’t had 16.have put on =have worn 17.have caught/got a cold=have had a cold 18.have got to know=have known 19.have gone to =have been in 20.have joined/taken part in the league=have been a member of/have been in the league
(完整版)瞬间性动词 与延续性动词(新) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达 方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986. 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.