英语代词总结
用法：1人称代词主格作主语。当几个不同的人称代词时，排列顺序是：单数是二、三、一。复数是一、二、三。
2人称代词宾格作宾语。主要用在动词和介词后。
3形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，后必需加名词。
4名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，后不用加名词。（形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。
5反身代词主要用一些固定词组中：teach oneself; learn by oneself; enjoy oneself; help oneself(to +sth.);hurt oneself; by oneself; see ……oneself; say oneself；dress oneself
指示代词用法that（1）的用法和中文的用法是不同的。He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come. that those可以代替前面提到过的事物.eg: The weather of Kunming is better than that (=the weather)of Beijing. The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those (the radios) made in Tianjin.
it one that 的区别：
it用来指特指，指上下文提到同一对象,同一事物。eg: May I use your bike? Sure ,you can use it.(=the bike.)
one 泛指，指上文提到的同类事物中一个，同类而不同一。Who has a pen? I have one .(a pen) that 代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than that(the weather)in Guangzhou.
1. some, any ,no,和every可以和one, body, thing构成复合代词，它们的用法与some any的用法相同some用在肯定句和期待得到对方的肯定的回答的疑问中。any用于疑问句、否定句和条件中。
2 修饰不定代词的词一定要放在不定代词后。I have something important to tell you.
3. 当主句的主语是人的复合不定代词如eveybody ,nobody ,anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物复合不定代词如everything, anyting, something nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语用代词it. Everyting is ready, isn’t it? Everyone is here, aren’t they?
4.复合不定代词本身做主语时谓语用单数。
5.everybody=everyone,只能指人；every one既可指人又可指物，还可以和of连用。
1．both两者都;all三者或三者以上人或物都。在句中作主语时，谓语用复数。与not连用时，表示部分否定，译为“并非所有都……Both John and Ann have friends.All of us don’t like meat.=Not all of us like meat.
2.either用于两者，指两者之一（两者间任何一个）；any用于三者或三者以上。When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow morning. Either time is OK. when shall we meet? Any time is OK.
3.neither是both的反义词，表示“两者都不”。作主语时谓语用单数。none是all的反义词，
表示“三者或三者以上的人或物都不。”作主语时可单可复。注意none与no one的区别。
There is a little water in the bottle, is there?
There is little water in the bottle, isn’t there?
2.I don’t like the book, please give me another one..
3.Some students are listening to the radio, others (=other students) are watching TV.（可能还有一些人在干别的。）
4.There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls, the other students(=the others) are boys.
5. There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are from Beijing. The others are from Nanjing.(其余的全来自南京)
6. There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are from Beijing. others are from Nanjing.(还有来自南京的，暗示其余十人不只是来自南京，还可能有来自上海等地。)
7．You can stay another ten days.=You can stay ten more days.
专项练习:人称代词和物主代词练习
一、用适当的人称代词填空：
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )
2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its )
3. What day is __________ today? — __________ is Thursday. (its)
5. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I )
6. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them )
7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them )
8. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with
____ and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she )
9. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at Engliush . ( his )
10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she )
11. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its )
二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空
1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you )
2. George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ . ( she )
3.. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ ( he ) dog and ____ ( I ) had a fight (打架).
4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he )
5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they )
6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we )
三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空
A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空
1. Your football clothes are on the desk.
Please put _________(they，them，their，theirs) away.
2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.
We all like _________(she，her，hers).
3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_________ can’t get my kite.
Could you help _________(I，me，my，mine)?
4. Tom can’t get down from the tree.
Can you help _________(he，him，his)?
6. We can’t find our bikes.
Can you help _________(we，us，our，ours)?
5. These are _________(he，him，his) planes.
The white ones are _________(I，me，mine).
B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词
1. This isn’t ________knife. _________ is green. ( she )
2. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please. (they )
3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you )
4. Wei Fang，is that ________ ruler? Yes，it’s.( you )
5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please. ( they)
6. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________. ( he )
7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No，___________ is very new. ( he )
8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it )
Don’t worry，Let __________( I ) help __________. ( you)
9. _____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much. ( he )
10. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher. ( she )
11. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse. ( she )
12. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big. ( we)
13. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy ( them)
14. You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too? ( you )
四、用括号中的适当形式填空
（1）Are these ________（you）pencils?
Yes, they are ________（our）.
（2）—Whose is this pencil?
—It’s ________（I）.
（3）I love ________（they）very much.
（4）She is________（I）classmate.
（5）Miss Li often looks after________（she）brother.
（6）—Are these ________（they）bags ？
—No, they aren’t ________（their）. They are ________（we）.
五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：
1. Mary works in a book store. _____ likes ______work very much.
2. John and I are in the same school. ______ go to school together.
3. Everybody likes that sport, do ______?
4. She is a friend of _______ . We got to know each other two years ago.
5. Her sister makes all ______ own dresses.
6. I have many friends. Some of _______are good at English.
7. May I use ______ bike? ______is broken.
六、选择填空
1. Who’s singing over there ? — ________ is Sandy’s sister.
A. That
B. It
C. She
D. This
2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.
A. She, you and I
B. You, she and I
C. I, you and she
D. Her, me and you
3. Between you and ________, he is not a real friend.
A. me
B. I
C. he
D. his
4. My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A. theirs
B. they
C. me
D. I
6. Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.
A. he
B. it
C. she
D. it’s
7. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________.
A. he
B. his
C. her
D. him
8.. Will anyone go on a trip with him ? — Not ________.
A. I
B. me
C. mine
D. he
9. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________.
A. he
B. his
C. him
D. he’s
人称代词练习题
一、用人称代词代替下列各词或划线部分：
1. Mrs. Li
2. her uncle
3. Miss Liu
4. my family
5. my cousin and I
6. our pencils
7. its tail 8. his grandmother 9. your T-shirt
10. Bob 11. their pears 12. the park
13. Jenny 14. the animals 15. my mother and father 16. The car is red.
17. These books are on the desk.
18. My mother and I are at home.
19. Mr. Smith is a kind man.
20. Her aunt is a model.(模特)
二、用所给词义的适当形式填空：
1、 is a teacher. (她)
2、 is a good girl. (他)
3、 is in the classroom (它)
4、 are very smart today. (你)
5、 (你们) are students.
6、can’t find my ruler? (我). Where is ? (它)
7、 am a student. (我) _______like English very much. (我们)
8、 is my brother. (他)
9、I like her pencil case. is nice! (它)
10、________ are playing ping-pong in the park.（他们）
三、找出短文中的人称代词主格，划上横线：
I Love My Family
I have a happy family. There are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my brother and I. My father is a doctor. He is very tall. He likes reading books. My mother is a teacher. She likes watching TV. My brother and I are pupils. We study in the same school. My brother is strong. He likes playing football.
They love me, and I love them, too. I love my family. Do you love it? 四．用括号中代词的适当形式填空
1.Her sister is helping _______（we）.
2.John and I are in the same school. （we）go to school together.
3.Everyone likes_____( she), do (you)?
4.Her sister is helping _______（we）.
5.______(I) have many friends. Some of （they）are good at English.
6.Jim is English. ________ (I) like playing with _______(he)
7.I love ________（they）very much.
8.Miss Li often looks after________（she）
9.They are waiting for__________（they）.
10.Do you like Li Ming? No, ______(I) don’t like _____.(he)
11.Danny gives the book to ______ . (you)
五．填空。
1. (她) is a student. (她) sister is a student too.
2. (我) want (你) to do it today.
3. (他) twin brother is a worker. (他们) are twins.
4. (你们) are from England. (我们) are from China. 你).
7. These pens are (他们). (你们) are over there.
8. Can (你) read it for (我们)
9 (她) is a student.
10 (我) want (你) to do it today.
11 (你们) are from England. (我们) are from China.
12 (你们) are from England. (我们) are from China.
昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。
物主代词练习题
一．选择。
（）1.I am son.
A. they
B. their
C. them
（）2. This is not _____ desk. ______ is over there.
A. I …Mine
B. my…Mine
C. mine…my
（）3. －What’s _____ name? _____name is Lucy.
A. you…My
B. your … My
C. yours…My
（）4. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.
A. they
B. them
C. their
（）5. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.
A. our
B. my
C. ours
（）6. Mrs Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student.
A. he
B. his
C. him
（）7. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.
A. It
B. It’s
C. Its
（）8.This cup is _____. That is _____.
A.me…you
B. my…your
C.mine…yours
( ) 9.This is ____pen. _____is over there.
A.my…your
B.me…you
C.my…Yours
( ) 10.Do you like ____skirt?
A.mine
B. my
C. me
二、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. That is not____ kite. ( I )
That kite is very small, but ____is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is____. Give it to_____. ( she )
3. Is this_____ watch? (you) No, it's not_____ . ( I )
4. ___is my brother. __name is Jack. Look! These maps are___. ( he )
5. _____dresses are red. (we) What colour are_____? ( you )
6. Here are two pens, which one is ____? ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s______ (you)?
8. Show ______your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a cat. ______name is Mimi.
These cakes are____. ( it )
10. Are these _____tickets? ( they )
No,_____ are not theirs. _____ aren't here. ( they )
三、选出括号中正确的词填空。
1. This is _______（my / I）mother.
2. Nice to meet ________（your / you）.
3.__________ （He/ His ）name is Mark.
4. What’s _________（she / her ）name?
5. Excuse_______（me / my / I）.
6. Are ________（your / you）Miss Li?
7. ________（I / My）am Ben.
8. ________（She / Her）is my sister.
9. Fine , thank _______（your / you ）.
10. How old is ______（he / his）？
一；用适当的代词填空。
1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is ______.
2.How is Mr Li? _______is fine, thanks.
3.Put on______ hat! I am going to put it on.
4.Who is that over here? It is_______.
5.The old man lives by ______.
6.I am sure I can do it all by _______.
7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _____.
8.I’d like to go for a walk. ______ too.
9.What are ______jobs? They are students.
10.We think to _________.
11.Mary is old enough to take care of ______.
12.It is perfume, I made it __________.
13.Look at ____. She is very well.
14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _______.
15.You and she did very well in the test. The teacher said that he
would praise _____ and______.
16.The story ______was very good, but you are did not tell it well.
17.Give Jane this watch.. Give______ this one too.
18.Sara is not pleased with ______in this English test.
19.Did you enjoy _______at the party yesterday?
20.She wants to buy a car of _____own.
二：选择填空.
1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn’t enjoy
_______.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. himself
2. Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ________.
A. She , she
B. She , herself
C. Her, herself
D.
Her. she
3. Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.
A. hers
B.she
C. her
D. herself
4.Would you like _____for super?
A: something Chinese B：Chinese something
C: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything
5.______ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.
A. She
B. She’s
C. Hers
D. Her
6.Who taught you English last year?
Nobody taught me . I taught ______.
A. me
B. myself
C. mine
D. I
7.That bike is _________?
A．he B. him C. his D. it
8. We bought ______ a present, but _______ didn”t like it.
A. they, them
B. them , they C
代词 例句： 1、主格=主语：表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student.They are students. 2、宾格=宾语：表示动作行为的对象。 Give me . I love you . 物主代词是表示：“～的”和“～的东西”的意思。 例：这是我的书包”：This is my schoolbag. 这里的 my 是一个形容词性物主代词，它只是作一个形容词用，后面必须再跟一个具体表示某个东西的名词，这里就是这个 schoolbag（书包）。 而“那个书包是我的 That schoolbag is mine. 这里的 mine 就是一个名词性物主代词，它的后面不能再有其它的名词。
人称代词及物主代词用法 实例讲解： 一、①第一行都是人称代词主格如：(我）am a teacher。 （我们）can play football. ②如果是问句，则放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词后面。 如：Are （你）a student？ Do（他们）play football？ Can （他）walk？ 二、第二行都是人称代词宾格，放在动词或介词后。 如：Let me give （她） some sweets. Would you like to go with （我）？ 三、第三行是形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面必须是名词。 如：This is （我的） potato. That is （你的） tomato. 四、第四行是名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词后面不用带名词，可以单独 使用。 如:This potato is （我的）. That tomato is（你的）. 【练习】 一. 单项选择。 ( ) 1. Don’t worry about your broken pen. You can use . (09 ft东青岛) A. my B. mine C. yours D. myself ( ) 2. This is desk. Mine is over there. (09 桂林) A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself ( ) 3. ---Do you know Alice? (09 杭州) ---Yes. I know very well.
初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数
形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数
英语词类 英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(int erjection)。 英语代词的用法全归纳 一、定义与分类 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。 二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述 这三种代词都有人称（第一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，性（阴性、阳性、中性）以及格（主格、宾格）的变化。 物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。 这三种代词的形式变化表如下：
三、人称代词的用法 1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。 如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student. Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing. The boys are students, and they are in the room. The doy is small. It is Tom's. 2)人称代词的句法功能 A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。 B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)
初中英语9类代词用法汇总及例句 代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等。 I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) It’s he!(是他！) （2）宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) （3）人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。 –It’s I/me.(是我。) （4）三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he →I”的顺序表达。 Both he and I are working at that computer company. (我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) （5)人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 --What’s the time?(几点啦？)
–It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) It took him three days to clean his house. .(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space (很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) Is that your umbrella? (那是你的伞吗？) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. (我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) They are their books.(是他们的书) (2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。 This is your cup,but where is mine? (这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. (你们的教室很大,我们的相当小) (3)“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。 A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. (我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。) My friend came to see me yesterday. (我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
中考英语人称代词用法讲解 一、中考英语人称代词概述 代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词，它的主要作用是为了避免重复。因此，在使用时必须在人称、数、性和格上与它们所替代的词保持一致。 Eg1. Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He is the most popular teacher in our school. His students admire him very much. 人称代词是指主要用来指代人或物的代词，表示“我”、“我们”、“你”、“你们”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“他们”、“她们”、“它们”等。人称代词有三个人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数、主格、宾格和所有格、以及反身代词等多种形式。 二、中考英语人称代词主格代词 主格代词在句中作主语。 Eg2. I am your English teacher. He is your Chinese teacher. She is your math teacher. We are all your teachers. You are our student. They are your classmates. 三、中考英语人称代词宾格代词 宾格代词在句中用作宾语，包括介词宾语。 Eg3. Please come to help us. Eg4. Do not touch me. Eg5. Don’t interrupt her. Eg6. Please pass this cup of tea to him. 四、中考英语人称代词代词的所有格 所有格用来表示所用关系，说明物品的主人是谁。代词的所有格分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词两种。 1．形容词性物主代词的用法 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，其后必须跟名词才能在句中使用。形容词性物主代词在句中起相当于形容词的功能。 Eg7. My car is made in Germany. Eg8. Is this your bag? Eg9. His father is famous as a doctor. Eg10. Their parents work in our country. 2．名词性物主代词的用法 名词性物主代词后不跟名词，可单独使用。它们在句中可做主语，宾语和表语。名词性物主代词在句中起相当于名词的功能。 Eg11. ---Whose computer is this? ---It is mine. (mine在句中作表语) Eg12. ---Is this Lucy’s bike?---No. Hers is smaller than this one. (Hers 在句中作主语) Eg13. ---Oh, my god! I forgot to take my English book. --- Use mine, Please. (mine在句中作宾语) 3．典型题典 1).用所给提示词的适当物主代词填空： Eg14.This isn’t _______ (他)pen. It’s ______(我) pen. ______(我) is black. _______(他) is white. 2). 单项选择：下面这道题共有几项是错误的? 是哪几个选项？
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
不定代词总结 一、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别 一般说来，不定代词 some 用于肯定句中， any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用 any ： Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？ Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？ Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？ 【说明】不定代词 any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。 Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法以及区别 不定代词 many 和 much 都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替可数名词（复数），与 few（少数）相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词（单数），与 little（少量）相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中： Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 ? We don 't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You 've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many （much） as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析： too much ； much too ； too many 1、too much 常用作副词或代词 ,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词 .如： Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health? 电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害 ? You've given me too much. 你给我的太多了 .
代词： 1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、 疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 2 1I often go shopping on Sundays. 购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪 儿去了？)/ That’s it.(就那么回事)/ It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年 谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给 他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可 以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？)–It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况” 等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词 或者名词性从句。如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦？)–It’s 12：00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他 三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 3 Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经 常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主 语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如： This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？)/ Your
代词 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词。 一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、 "我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：数单数复数 格主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you he him they them 第三人称she her they them it it they them 如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 It‘s me. 是我。 二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。 数单数复数 人称第一第二第三第一第二第三 人称人称人称人称人称人称 形容词性my your his/her its our your/their 物主代词 名词性mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词 如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 如：That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。 四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。 如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 解密物主代词
英语代词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择代词 1．I’m as big as human. In fact, I look like ______ too. A．the one B．that C．it D．one 【答案】D 【解析】 考查不定代词。句意：我同人一样大，事实上，我看起来像一个人。此处用one代替前面的human，故选D。 2．The Olympic Games makes _____ possible for people to live side by side in peace. A．this B．it C．that D．不填 【答案】B 【解析】 本题的含义是奥运会使人们能够和平的生活在一起成为可能，本题make后的真正宾语位于句尾用动词不定式，那么在英文中通常用形式宾语it来代替真正的主语，故本题选B。 3．----Will $ 1,000 _______ the cost of the trip? ----I’m afraid not. Perhaps I need _______ $500. A．pay; another B．charge; more C．cover; another D．afford; more 【答案】C 【解析】 句意“1000美元够旅行的费用吗？”“恐怕不够，也许还需要500美元。”charge“收费”；cover“包括”；afford“买得起”。根据句意可知，用cover；在原来的基础上再多一些用“another+数词”或“数词+more”表示，这里用another。故选C。 4．--- Daddy, do you like ________ if I buy a purse for my mom’s birthday? --- It couldn’t be better. A．this B．one C．that D．it 【答案】D 【解析】 在此句中，it是一个形式宾语。根据句意，可知选D。 句意：--爸爸，我买给妈妈一个钱包作为生日礼物你喜欢吗？--那最好不过了。 考点：代词／不定代词 5．Jack Ma, the founder and chairman of China’s Alibaba Group, has a $28.6 billion fortune, ______making him the richest person in China. A．it B．one C．that D．which 【答案】B
初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 介词的种类： （1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 （2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to （4）分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介词短语：构成 介词+名词We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句He gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法： 一、介词to的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…， belong to属于,
初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。
疑问代词用法总结及练习 句子是英语学习的核心。从句子使用的目的来分，它可分为四类 1、陈述句（肯定句和否定句） 2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句） 3、祈使句（肯定句和否定句） 4、感叹句。 四大句子类型的相互转换，对于学生来讲是个难点，为此，可通过说顺口溜的形式来帮助学生解决这一难题。 如：将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以变成这样的顺口留：疑问疑问调个头，把be(系动词“is are am”)放在最前头。 如：将陈述句的肯定句变成否定句，我们就可以这样说：否定，否定加“not”，加在何处，加在系动词的后面。 在句子相互转换的题型中，最难的要算“就下列划线部分提问”或是“看答句，写问句”这种题型了，其实，我们只要熟练掌握疑问词（what，what time, what colour, where， when, who， whose， which， how， how old ，how tall, how long, how big, how heavy , how much， how many等等）具体用法。
习题 一、选择正确的单词填空 (who, where, when) is that pretty girl She is my sister. are Jack and Tom They are behind you. do you go to school I go to school from Monday to Friday. has a beautiful flower John has a beautiful flower.
are they They are my parents. is my mother She is in the living room. are you going We are going to the bakery(面包坊). Jim and Wendy play ball They play ball in the afternoon. does he jog He jogs in the park. are you from I'm from Changchun city. 11. _______ is your birthday –On May 2nd. 12、_______ are you --- I`m in the office. 13. are you ---- I`m Alice. 二．用（what time, what color, what day, what）填空。 1. A: ______ _______ is it B: It is nine o’clock. 2. A: ______ _______ does your mother get up B: My mother gets up at 6:30. 3. A: ______ _______ do you go to bed B: I go to bed at 10:00. 4. A: ______ _______ do Diana and Fiona have supper B: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00. 5. A: ______ _______is it B: It is purple. 6. A: ______ _______ is the sky B: The sky is blue. 7. A: ______ _______ is your coat B: My coat is black. 8. A: ______ _______ is the dog B: The dog is white. 9. A: ______ _______ is today B: Today is Monday. 10. A: ______ _______ is tomorrow B: Tomorrow is Tuesday. 11. A: ______ _______ was yesterday B: Yesterday was Sunday. 12. A: ______ _______ do you like B: I like red. 13. A: ______ is this This is a computer. 14. A: ______ are you doing B: We are playing basketball.
初中英语语法归纳：代词 代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用 (一)代词的类别 相互代词 each other,one another 指示代词 this,that,these,those 不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代 词)each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,(a)few,(a)little,some,any,man y,much,other,another 复合不定代词 everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,every-thing,something,anything,nothing 疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose 直接代词疑问代词都可作连接代词，引导宾语从句。表语从句等。 关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which用引导定语从句。 (二)代词的用法 1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法 (1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。 eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果： (She作主语,me作动词宾语) Kath is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语) 2.物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。 ①形容词性物主代词位于名词前：their school,his backpack ②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等，后面不能再接名词。 egIt isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语) I left my pen at home. You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语) ③“of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。 cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友 3.反身代词 ①反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。 few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语) She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语) He’s not worried about himself.(作介词宾语) ②带有反身代词的常用短语。 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃些…吧
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。