当前位置:文档之家› GMAT曼哈顿中文总结

GMAT曼哈顿中文总结

GMAT曼哈顿中文版总结

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

曼哈顿重点注意事项总结

1、 "Best" Does Not Mean Ideal

It is very important to recognize that Sentence Correction questions ask for the best option

of those given, not the best option in the universe. Indeed, often you will feel-andrighdy

so-that all the answers, including the correct one, "sound bad." Correct GMAT Sentence

Correction answers can sound very formal or awkward, so it is important to keep in mind

that your task is to evaluate the given answer choices, not to create the ideal sentence.

The ideal sentence often is not an option, and the right answer may sound rather wrong. To complicate matters, incorrect answer choices often sound right, Indeed, the GMAT exploits

the fact that the English we hear is commonly riddled with grammatical mistakes.

2、 GMAT SC常考知识点:

(1) Subject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致

(2) Parallelism 平行

(3) Pronouns 代词

(4) Modifiers 修饰语

(5) Verb Tense, Mood, & Voice 时态、虚拟语气和主被动语态

(6) Comparisons 比较

(7) Idioms. 习语/固定搭配

3、对于SC的一个基本原则和态度:

GMAT的SC部分的题,往往一道题涵盖多个知识点,当在复习的时候,要充分利用每一道题把所有提及到的知识点都尽量掌握。

但在考试的过程中,每道SC题都要求平均在1分半中完成,理想的情况是尽量在一分钟左右完成。这样的时间要求,使得我们在考试的时候要善用考试技巧和策略:

1)读完题,画出句子基本结构(以及很明显的错误);

2)纵向比较各个选项的不同之处,选出一个自己有把握的考点(即不同点)将选项分成两派,尽量分成2-3split的形式(即2个一派,3个一派)。

3)在2-3 split中选出正确的一派,排除不正确的选项。

4)再将剩下的选项再纵向比较,根据另一个有把握的考点分类,再继续排除,以此类推直到选剩1个选项。

5)把这仅有的一个选项再带回原句double check一下。

PS:即做题时使用考试策略,看解释分析答案时要有每一个知识点、易错点都不放过的精神和态度!

PS的PS:读题一定不能贪快,心急,一定到读完全句,对没划线部分的句子也绝对不可以掉以轻心!!!!!!

4、 GMAT中SC最佳答案要符合以下三个要点:

1、语法正确(Grammar)

2、句子意思清楚明确(Meaning)

3、简洁有效(Concision)

做题思考过程:begin by looking for errors in grammar After you have found grammar errors, look for meaning issues. Finally, if you have still not singled out an answer, choose the remaining choice that is most concise.

Do not alter the author's intent when you make your choice!

特别注意助动词!!!助动词的小小变化会使得句子意思大不相同!

5、 Meaning的三个常见考法:

A.小词位置的变换:

If a word changes its position in the answer choices, you must consider whether the change has an impact on the meaning of the sentence. Look out especially for short words (such as only and all) that quantify nouns or otherwise restrict meaning.

B.词的选择

例如助动词的选择,相近意思的词的选择,同根词的选择等等。

C.Connected words 要 make sense together!

6、主谓不可缺失

一般的,对于这个考点,GMAC往往设置以下两种traps:

1)缺少谓语动词:动词有,但变体为V-ed或V-ing成了定语.

Wrong: The electron named in 1894.

Right: The electron WAS NAMED in 1894.

2)由which, that, when, who等引导词开头的句子:因为由这些词开头的句子都是从句,是不能单独成句的,缺少主句(main clause)

Wrong: BECAUSEthe dog was never mine.

Wrong: WHICH will be approved tomorrow.

7、主谓要make sense together!

Example:

Wrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will

be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.

这句话初看觉得OK,但仔细分析主谓,就会发现the development will be able to travel

hundreds of miles, 发展怎么能跑几百公里呢?!这就是主谓没有一起make sense,犯了逻辑

错误。应该是车能跑几百公里。

Right: Once developed, a hydrogen CAR based on expected performance parameters Will

BE able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.

总结:要发现这种错误,就需要认清句子结构,有时候往往句子很长,主语和谓语

离得远就容易让人忘记,所以在读题的时候,就要一边把句子的基本的主谓宾划出

来,这样这种错误就会比较容易发现。

8、怎么找到句子的主语

方法:把句子中修饰的成分都去掉,只剩主谓宾!

哪些是修饰成分:

1、介词短语()

如:a cat of the girl 中,cat是主语,of the girl 是介词短语。

PS:介词短语都是介词开头的噢,所以不要误以为a car of是介词短语

介词短语中的名词是绝对不能当主语的,所以介词短语都是修饰成分,不过有一些习惯用语的例外,如由some, none, many, much, all这类词修饰时,of后面的才是主语,如some of the students里,students才是主语;再如a number of pictures也是,pictures 才是主语。不过the number of pictures里,the number是主语。还有所有表示百分数和分数的数量短语,主语都是of后面的名词,因此,和SANAM一样,它们的主谓一致由of后的名词决定!

2、从句(状语从句充当big adv. 定语从句充当big adj. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句充当big noun)

所有从句都不可以单独成句的,是依附于主句的,其中除了主语从句和宾语从句,其他从句都是起修饰补充作用的,可以去掉

如:When.the auditors left, the executive who had been interviewed was/were glad.

3、过去分词和现在分词(在句中起到修饰其他成分的作用,做定语或状语时)

如:Limping, the horse once considered one of the favorites was/were taken away.

PS: 现在分词可以作主语,谓语永远用单数

4、形容词、副词,这个不用说啦!O(∩_∩)O

注意逗号!Commas are another helpful sign to identify modifiers, since commas sometimes separate modifiers from the rest of the sentence.

9、主谓一致(GMAC出题的方法往往是把主语藏起来)

找到了主语,就很好判断主谓一致了。前面的第8点讲了如何找主语,但当两个单数主语被“and”连接时,谓语动词就要用复数了。但当两个主语是由additive phrases 连接时,谓语动词仍然是单数。

记住:有且仅有两个单数主语由and连接时,谓语动词才是复数,要么是单数。

Additive phrase:即意思相当于“and”的短语,如:

along with Polly in addition to surgery accompanied bv me

together with a tie as well as the mayor including salt and pepper

注意:Mathematics,aerobics 和diabetes都是单数,虽然他们都以S结尾。

关于either…or…和neither…nor…的主谓一致

Either A or B中,A和B中有一个是单数,一个是复数,那动词要求与离它最近的一个主谓一致。例如:A是单数,B是复数,那B离动词更近,所以动词要是复数形式。Neither…nor…的主谓一致规律也一样。

另外,如果either 或neither单独修饰句中成分,即没有or或nor,则认为其修饰的名词是单数,动词永远是单数形式。

关于集体名词的主谓一致

集体名词在GMAT中几乎全部认为是单数。只有个别强调集体中的个体时,才用复数(这里就要靠逻辑去判断!),但这种情况在GMAT中极少出现。集体名词有:关于人的: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team

关于物的: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture

PS:在gmat中,只要是在原有名词加了s的,我们都当它是可数来对待,谓语使用复数。但是citrus是个例外,它不是复数名词,而是这个词本身就是以s结尾的集体名词。News本身也是不可数名词,用单数。

关于anyone,someone,everybody,some等这一类表示非特质的代词的主谓一致

以下这些词都用单数:

Anyone, anybody, anything No one, nobody, nothing

Each, every (as pronouns) Someone, somebody, something

Everyone, everybody, everything Whatever, whoever

Either, neither (may require a plural verb ifpaired with or/nor)

PS:所有以-one,-body,-thing结尾的,都用单数

以下5个词可以作单数也可以作复数,由of后面的名词的单复数决定:

(PS:这5个代词是特殊的,需要考虑到of介词短语,这是因为真正的主语是of后的名词,主谓一致自然由真正的主语决定。详见上文“如何找到主语”)

Some, Any, None, All, More/Most

Example:

Some of the money WAS stolen from my wallet. (money is singular)

Some of the documents WERE stolen from the bank. (documents is plural)

但none of+复数名词,动词可以是单数也可以是复数,但no one of + 复数名词,动词永远是单数。

关于each和every的主谓一致

Each和every单独做主语时,谓语动词是单数;each和every放在任何主语名词前时,哪怕这个名词时复数,谓语动词也要用单数,即便是each和every后跟了两个由and连接的主语,也是用单数。

Right: Every dog HAS paws.

Right: Every dog and cat HAS paws.

Right: Each of these shirts IS pretty.

但each和every放在主语名词后面的话,对主谓一致没有任何影响,按常规方法判断:They each ARE great tennis players.

关于表示数量的短语的主谓一致

1、表示百分数、分数的数量短语如half of,quarter of,都和前面提到的SANAM代词一样,动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数决定,因为主语是of后的名词。

2、The words majority, minority, and plurality are either singular or plural, depending on their context. If you want to indicate the many individual parts of the totality, use a plural verb.

If you want to indicate the totality itself then use a singular verb form.

“depending on context”即指由逻辑合理性和作者的原意去判断!

Example:

The majority of the students in this class ARE hard workers.

In the Senate, the majority HAS coalesced into a unified voting block.

关于现在分词作主语和主语从句的主谓一致

现在分词短语作主语或者从句充当主语,谓语动词一律是单数形式。

Example:

Right:Having good friends IS a wonderful thing.

Right:Whatever they want to do IS fine with me.

关于主谓倒装后的主谓一致

Example1:

Wrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.

Flip it! :A lonely house,inhabited by squatters, SITS near those buildings.

Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.

Example2:

Wrong: There IS a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.

Flip it!:A young man and an older woman ARE there at the bus stop.

Right: There ARE a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.

这个要靠自己仔细体会,努力发现了!!!!There be 句型属于这种情况!

注意:there be句型不是总是wordy,there be强调的是“这里存在XXXX”

在主谓一致问题中,如果不确定的话,就把赌注压在单数上吧,概率高啊!!!!

10、平行

平行!首先要逻辑平行!而这逻辑的平行主要体现1、平行的人或事物的性质相同或相似;

2、主谓宾要make sense together;

3、动词的形式变化要合逻辑,如下例:

上面这个句子,在语法形式上都非常平行,不过在逻辑上主语Sal和arrive,skip,leave都是主动的关系,这里都用了被动的过去分词形式,所以错误,更正如下:

注意:不是要求对比或并列的每一个词都要平行对称,但最关键的词要是平行对称的。

关键的词或者成分,就是两个平行或对比句要对比或要并列的部分。意会~~

要求平行的结构里并不是两个时态一致的选项就是对的。能表达清楚句意的时态就是正确的时态

常见Parallel Makers:

and; or; but; both; both…and…; not…but…; not only…but also;

rather than; from…to…; either…or…; neither…nor…

X act as Y, distinguish X from Y, X is the same as Y, As X, So Y, estimate X to be Y, X is good, and so too is Y, X instead of Y, X, such as Y, compared to X, Y…,

X is known to be Y, think of X as Y, consider X Y, X is less than Y, make X Y, declare X Y, Mistake X For Y, Whether X Or Y, X develops Into Y, X Differs From Y, regard X As Y

(以上的组合中发现:只要有and, as, or的组合都要求平行,另外只要是表示比较的也都要平行,还有一个举例的。。。)

除了以上这些常见的外,还有很多平时要注意积累。

平行不仅仅局限于出现了parallel maker,在一个结构中要表达2个或2个以上的人或事物in the same way都需要平行。

关于并列连词

并列连词多表并列(and)、转折(but)、选择(or)。并列连词可以引导一个句子svo, 引导vo,引导o,也有“but+介词短语, 句子”或者“but+从句,主句”的情况;而从属连词只能引导完整的句子。

关于从属连词

从属连词这种连词是用以引导名词性从句和状语从句的. 由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。(因此从属连词只能引导完整的句子<这个完整的句子包括连接代词本身>,不能引导词或短语)

从属连词在名词性从句中有:that; weather; if

关于A is to B what C is to D

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档