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商务英语写作重点

商务英语写作重点
商务英语写作重点

名词解释

写作目的(writing purpose)

受众/读者(audience)

构思过程(thought process)

演绎式组织模式(deductive organizational patterns)

归纳式组织模式(inductive organizational patterns)

直接组织模式(direct organizational patterns)

间接组织模式(indirect organizational patterns)

写作修改的3个步骤(three distinct stages of revision: adding on; moving around; cutting out)

管理沟通(managerial communication)

组织沟通(organizational communication)

人际关系与团队建设(human relationships and team building)

销售沟通(sales communication)

商务文件(business documentation)

国际交流(跨文化交际)(international communication/ intercultural communication)

表达式写作(expressive writing)

沟通式写作(communicative writing)

简洁风格(clarity)

简易风格(the plain style)

简明风格(concision)

附件说明信函(cover letters of résumé)

3类求职信函(three general types of cover letters for job applications: the application letter; the prospecting letter; networking letter )

后续询问信函(follow-up letter)

致谢信函(thank-you letter)

谢绝工作回复(job rejection letter)

接受工作回复(job acceptance letter)

辞职信函(resignation letter)

告别信函(farewell letter)

常见履历表格式(common résumé formats):按年月顺序(chronological résuméformat) 按任职顺序(functional résuméformat) 复合式(combination résumé format)

简短文件(short document)

信息咨询函(message to obtain information)

谈判便函(messages that negotiate)

说服沟通便函(persuasive messages)

商务便函的特征(8C):清晰性(clarity)正确性(correctness)具体性(concreteness)完整性(completeness)周到性(consideration)礼貌性(courtesy)简洁性(conciseness)一致性(coherence)

商务备忘录版式(format of a business memo)

商务备忘录功能(function of a business memo)

信函结构(structure of a letter)

信件和信封格式(styles of letter and envelop)

会议纪要(minutes)

逐字记录(verbatim minutes)

决议记录(minutes of resolution)

陈述记录(minutes of narration)

记录内容版式(minutes’ content format)

会议议程(meeting agenda)

会议筹划(meeting preparations)

会议程序(3个环节)(meeting process: planning & preparing, conducting, and following-up)

会议后续工作(follow-up activities)

后续文案职责(accountability of follow-ups)

书面发言写作策略(writing strategies for business presentation) 书面发言的材料组织(wring organization for business presentation) 书面发言用语(language used in a presentation)

书面发言避讳用语(language avoided in a presentation)

人际沟通的功能(functions of interpersonal communication)

人际沟通的目的(purpose of interpersonal communication)

人际沟通的4个阶段(four general stages in interpersonal communication)

团队的特征(group characteristics)

团队的角色(group roles)

团队影响力(group influence)

沟通结构(communication structures)

企业前景(vision)

企业使命(mission)

企业价值观(corporate values)

企业目标(goal)

战略计划(strategies)

政策与流程(policies and procedures)

业务流程的构成要素(15个)(content of procedures) 业务流程的版式及内容(format of a procedure)

商务文件的层次结构(3个)(tiers of documentation) ISO 9000质量体系(ISO 9000 Quality System )

议程报告(agenda)

行程安排(itinerary)

费用支出报告(expense reports)

项目进程报告(progress report)

人事评估报告(personnel evaluation)

第一手资料来源(primary sources)

第二手资料来源(secondary sources)

商务蓝皮书(blueprint)

商务计划书(business plan)

战略性计划书(strategic plan)

战术性计划书(tactical plan)

操作性计划书(operational plan)

操作性管理(operational control)

战术性管理(tactical control)

战略性管理(strategic control)

商务背景(business background)

市场计划(marketing plan)

财务预测(financial projections)

行动计划(action plans)

商务提案(business proposal)

内部提案(internal proposal)

外部提案(external proposal)

招标提案(solicited proposal)

非招标提案(unsolicited proposal)

提案写作的简单模式(simple form for proposal writing)

提案写作的复杂模式(detailed form for proposal writing)

外部提案的结构要素(6个)(elements of the external proposal: introduction; problem identified and defined; objective & goal set; solutions proposed; implementation & measuring; costs and timeframe estimated)

内部提案模式的内容版式(content format of internal proposal)征集提案(Request for Proposal, RFP)

征集启示的基本要素(basic components of a RFP)

提案评估(proposal evaluation)

引证信息(documenting information)

解析数据(interpreting data)

常规商务报告(routine reports)

任务报告(task reports)

条目清单功能 (itemized lists)

图表辅助功能(graphic aids)

标题的功能(headings)

协议的本质(essence of a deal)

合同的修订(contractual modifications)

违约与补偿(breach of contract and remedy)

律师费用条款(attorneys fees clause)

合同免责(escape from contract)

第三方签字(third party signature)

合同追加条款(contract rider)

合同授权(authorization)

商务谈判(contract negotiation)

合同起草(contract drafting)

合同实施(execution)

合同终止(closeout)

合同(contract)

合同有效性(validity of contracts)

要约(offer) 接受(acceptance)

法定权力(capacity)

Sales contracts 买卖合同

Contracts for supply of power ,water,gas or heat 供应电、水、气、热力合同

Contracts for loan of money 借款合同

Leasing contracts 租赁合同

Financial leasing contracts 承揽合同

Contracts for construction projects建设工程合同

Carriage contracts运输合同

Technology contracts 技术合同

Safekeeping contracts 保管合同

Warehousing contracts 仓库合同

Agency appointment contracts 委托合同

Trading-trust contracts行纪合同

Brokerage contracts居间合同

大题

1,8C

1.Clarity:keep it short;keep it simple;avoid ambiguity;write in the active voice;avoid or explain technical words;avoid using jargon;get to the point;Write in plain English :link your ideas;be careful about placement of subordinate clauses;be sure that a pronoun,a participial phrase, or an appositive refers clearly to the proper subject;Make the subject and verb agree with Each Other, Not with a Word That Comes between Them;To join two independent clauses, Use a comma followed by a conjunction, a semicolon alone, or a semicolon followed by a sentence modifier.;Make a right choice of word;Watch out repetitive wording;Put parallel ideas in parallel constructions;:use concrete words instead of abstract ones;omit qualifiers and vague expressions;use action verbs and concrete nouns;void overusing noun forms of verbs;don't change verbs into nouns;avoid unnecessary double negative;avoid noun strings;take a stand;keep acronyms under control;:make it complete by constructing a longer paragraph;use the who-does-what order and avoid padding;provide a clear message;avoid incomplete question;avoid fragment in writing;take an overall view;:write from the "you" perspective;emphasize the positive;handle the customer's complaint specifically;interact with the addressee in a conversational tone;avoid using inflated language;avoid using

quasi-legalisms;use personal reference;use conrractions;:show respect;show appreciation;avoid the problem of gender;write professionally ;:eliminate"the filler";omit repetitive wording;replace circumlocutions with direct expressions;use short words;avoid using old fashioned expessions;

2,Message that Negotiate::counterproposals have two objectives: first, you want to show the reader that his or her original proposal is not fully acceptable, and ,second , you want to persuade the reader to accept your messages

of meetings: information and monitoring making and problem and ceremonial

’content format: heading and venue keeper/minutes taker

of interpersonal communication:1) Gaining and giving information 2) Building a context of understanding 3) Establishing identity 4) Interpersonal needs

dyadic life cycle:the initial stage;the formative stage;the mature stage;the severance stage

types:purpose, audience and methods

strategies for business presentation: a right topic with a clear purpose your messages to the listeners explicit transitions concrete words and visuals novel ideas analogies 7. Quotations conflict 10. Cutting in humor 11. Keep the material in good taste 12.

Allowing for redundancy

9.书面发言注意事项:with a topic the number of major points you want to make to 3-4 . your ideas or main point

Presentation preparing: a script, practice it, and keeo it around for quick-reference during your talk; up an outline of your talk , practice with it , and bring it for reference; up cue cards, practice with them ,and use them during your presentation a full script and read from it.

10.商务沟通基础:Business communication drawstring draws on information derived form a wide variety of other disciplines, including (but not limited to ) linguistics, semantics , rhetoric , psychology, sociology, graphic design ,management, marketing ,economics ,and information technology.

of the writer:1,Expressive writing: it is personal and informal, employed to encourage comprehension and reflection on the part of writer. 2,Communicative writing: it presupposes that the writer already considerable knowledge and understanding of the topic, and is writing to inform or to persuade a reader.

12.附件说明信函的5大基本目标:Five primary goals of good resumes;Good resumes and resume cover letters must be able to;Cut the clutter;Catch the eye;Sell your skills, Strengths and success ;Direct the reader your way;Get you to the next step;

format of a resume cover:content format of a resume cover: the resume cover should follow the basic content format of a typical business letter and should include three general issues:first paragraph——why you are writing;middle paragraph——what you have to offer ;concluding paragraph——how you will follow;

10 resume tips:A page or two to land you a job or an least an interview; Fundamentals do exist;Customization is critical ;Reveal enough to excite;A resume is 99% of the time read by a stranger;Once your basic content is ready;Reevaluate choice of words, sentence structure and language;Spell check,;When you are presenting hard copies of your resume, make sure you use quality stationery ;Keep copies of he carious customized versions of your resume.;

contents of resumes:Good resume having been to combine fact with fantasy. By fact, it means that details provided in resume have been as accurate as possible. By fantasy, it means that the resume is really a representation of you, where you cannot be present. And it must incorporate 7 points: full mane, objective, contact information, qualification, work experience, achievements and date.

17.便函总体结构的4要素:Planning;Organization;Writing and revising;Feedback and continual improvement;

speed writing and shorthand writing training:To take school/lecture notes as your writing competence;To use shorthand to

enhance your writing speed.;To develop your own shorthand for spoken information recording.;Use the computer program to facilitate your note-taking job ;

18.沟通过程中的倾听与讲述:Listing;Face the speaker and maintain eye contact;Focus on content, not delivery;Stay active;Be flexible ;Avoid emotional involvement;Empathy and rapport;Advise properly;Be ready for international communication;

climate:an open communication climate,people perceive communication more accurately and are more willing to communicate :observational. Problem-solving. You-oriented . Equal. Flexible. Clear objectives. Supportive communication climates, on the other hand, discourage communication. They give people the feeling that they are being judged and criticized Disadvantage: judgmental . Manipulative organizational success requires that all employees believe that they can express their observations and criticisms to others in the organization,regardless of rank.

conflict:Defensive attitudes;Supportive attitudes ;Problems in conflict management;Conflict management by management;speak your mind and heart;listen well;express strong feelings appropriately;remain rational for as long as you can;review what has been said;learn to give and take;Avoid all harmful statements;

small group communication:and disadvantages of groups

Group decisions result in greater acceptance of the solution than would be obtained without group participation. of ideas No group leader can afford to be an "idea killer".

, planning and organization specifically, the leader is responsible for the following

Notify every one of the time, place, and purpose of each meeting;Stick to the problem;Encourage contributions;Reinforce points of agreement;Adjourn on time;Ensure adequate follow-up by;a ) Providing for a written recordb ) Encourage appropriate further action 4. The meeting Which are designed to ensure the following:Equal rights for all;Rule of the majority;Rights of the minority;Discussion of one item at a time;

planning process:getting ready;articulating mission and vision;assessing the situation;developing strategies,objectives and goals;completing the written plan;

23.战略计划的基本要求writing a strategic plan .A good strategic plan should:serve as framework for decision-marking for managers at all levels;Form a basis for more detailed operational plans and procedures;Explain the business to others in order to inform ,instruct ,motivate, and involve;Assist benchmarking and performance monitoring;Inspire and stimulate change and innovation;

A sound strategic plan should include the elements of vision ,mission, values, objective ,strategies, goals ,and programs.

procedures needed:To cause people to act in a uniform way and so make processes predictable;To provide freedom for management and staff to maximize their contribution to the business;To provide legitimacy and authority for the deeds needed ;To make responsibility clear and to create the conditions of self-control;To provide co-ordination for inter-departmental action.;To improve communication and to provide consistency and predictability in carrying our repetitive tasks.;To encourage the people involved into thinking a problem through;To minimize variance and eliminate bottlenecks;To provide auditable criteria for execution against authorized practice;

25.标准操作程序与工作指南的异同SOPs WIs

SOPs:: For managerial control Interface: For managers and supervisors, cross-functional, depart-mental interface : More conceptual/ human relation, less technical : More managerial steps: More flexible : Stationery, computer, desk, etc. Need not to be listed : Ideas, plan, analysis, process, etc : More general, abstract aids: less material: More managerial&human of safety : Lower, need not to be listed

WIs:: For operating control or specific job Interface: For operators or rank &file, technical interface : More technical, less

conceptual : ore technical steps: More fixed : Material & equipment. Must be listed : Physical products and service : More specific, concrete aids: more material : More industry-and company specific of safety :Higher,must be clearly spelled out

26.商务计划的意义:Business planning:Business planning is a managerial process that helps the organization venture into a new involves managersˊtime, effort and talent to develop various sub-plans at all levels in a company.

planning process:Define the Mission;Conduct a Situation or SWOT Analysis;Set goals and Objectives;Develop Related Strategies;Monitor the Plan;

28.计划书的写作技能与方法/计划书在商务管理中的地位及功能/商务计划书的基本要素elements of a business plan:Cover Page:identifies you and your business, and dates the plan;Table of Contents:makes it easy for readers to find particular item description;Executive Summary:provides a high-level overview of the entire plan that emphasizes the ;facters that you believe will lead to success;Business Backgrand:information of the company;Maketing Plan: SWOT analysis;Financial Projection:how much does this plan will cost;Action Plan:shows how operational the plan is;Appendix: supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of this plan;

29.商务提案的成功要素(7个)winning elements of a business

proposal:①.Problem:you must demonstrate that you clearly understang thei business problems,issues,needs,opportunities,or values ②.Solutio ns:after you have written a lead paragragh on the company’s needs aand problems,follow up with a solid presentations of how your business can provide solutions ③.Benefits:all winning business proposals clearly outline for the company the benefits to be gained from doing business with you ④.Credibility:this is often the overlooked portion of a business proposal but all winning proposals glow with credibility⑤.Samples:a business proposals with samples and evidence of your ability to deliver is vital to gaining the winning bid. A small sample of your wok can show your ability to do the job ,and can help your potential customer answer some questions ⑥.Targeted: a winning business proposals is all about and write in a language used by your intended audience ⑦.Personlazation:you have to give your potential custumer an proposh which includetheir names and their company’sname

30.商务报告式提案的构成要素feasibility of the proposed project: 1Introduction . 2Background information..3Benetits of the proposal project. 4Method,procedure,theory. 5Schedule. 6Qualifications. 7Costs,resources require. 8Conclusion,special project

31.内部提案的写作要求(10点)internal proposals:Problem;Purpose.; Adudience;Message; Research;Objectivity; Style;

Order;Implementation; As a side note;

32.正式商务报告的结构形式:Prefatory Parts;Cover;Title Fly;Tiltle Page;Letter of Authorization;Letter of Acceptance;Letter of Transmittal;Contents;Abstract;Body of the Report;Introduction;Text;Summary;Conclusions;Recommendations;Supplemental Parts;Appendix;Bibliography;

33.收集数据、信息的途径gathering information :Scondary Sources;Primary Sources;Experimentation;Observation;Surveys----A)RandomSampling B)StratifiedRandomSampling C)Systematic Sampling ;Questionnaires-----A)Either-or B)Checklist C)Multiple-choice D)Ranking;Questionnaire;Guidelines;Personal Interviews and Focus Groups;Telephone Interviews ;

34.信息收集在写作环节中的重要地位:You will need to research all the information sources available in preparing the report so that you can make decisions about which sources would be most appropriate.

35.撰写商务报告的6个步骤或环节:Title Page ;Letter of Authorization;Letter of Transmittal;Table of Contents ; Table of Illustrations ;Abstract ;Executive Summary;

36.商务报告的6条质量要求标准Report Quality:Accurate,Reliable and Objective;Guidelines for Writing a Quality Report;Identify---for your reader and for yourself ---statements of fact,inferences and based on face,and value judgment;Use accurate,reliable and objective

sources;Use analogies and comparisons to explain and illustrate,but not to prove;Examine all cause—effect statements for completeness and accuracy;Be specific ;Provide adequate documentation;

商务报告的总体结构形式general structure for reports:Pace ;Lead ;Blend Outcomes;Motivate;

37.合同免责的原因,情形:escape from contract:Mutual or unilateral mistake as to a basic assumption upon which the contract was made;Misrepresentation of facts inducing one of the parties to enter the contact;Duress inducing one of the parties to enter the contact;Lack of capacity to contract (such as infancy ,influence of drugs,alcohol or mental illness);Unconscionability;Vilolation of a public policy;Absence of a writing evidencing formation of the contract if the contract laws and government regulations require such a writing;Performance of the contracts becomes impossible or extremely difficult or costly by virtue of events occurring after the contract is formed;The principle purpose of the contract is substantially frustrated by virtue of events occurring after the contract is formed;

38签约前活动contracting activities before signing:Delegation,contract plan,negotiation,contract-drafting,and review and approval

39.签约后活动contracting activities after signing:Execution,review and monitor,communication and

correspondence,customer complaint handling,filing,closeout

40.合同清单contract checklist:①Names and addresses of all parties involved,and place of entering into this agreement,②A short description and mission statement of all concerned parties③a statement summarizing the desired role of the contracted party④a classification of the business relationship⑤a detailed description of what each party promises to provide⑥a timetable of when the work is to be performed or the products to be delivered or sold;⑦location of when the work is to be performed⑧the duration of the contract⑨payment method and schedule⑩ opportunities for increases in financial remuneration 11 insurance coverage provided and required 12,guarantees 13,fianancial obligations of the contracted party 14 conditions for termination of the agreement 15 guidelines for transfer of the contract16who retains custody of the client 17 arbitration 18who is responsible for legal fees if a breach of contract occurs19the location and contact to send communications regardingthe contract 20 signature lines and date the contract is signed

:sometimes called an order of business, is a list of topic arranged in the order they are to be discussed at a meeting.

:are the official record of a meeting. The format may vary from organization to organization to organization, but the content and order are standard.

itinerary:is a combination of travel and appointment schedules.

商务英语写作教学大纲

《商务英语写作》教学大纲 一、课程性质、任务和基本要求 1.课程性质 《商务英语写作》是商务英语专业的专业核心课程,也是文秘、国贸等涉外专业的重要选修课程,旨在培养学生英语五项技能中的英语写作能力。此课程涵盖了商务英语基本写作类型、写作规、写作格式和写作方法,课程容与现实商务生活紧密结合,既提供各种实例,又设计了一体化的实训,训练学生用英语有条理地组织商务信息,起草规得体、条理清晰的商务文书,合理利用商务交流中的礼节和技巧,建立有效的商务沟通。 2.课程任务 开设本课程旨在使学生对商务情景中最常见和最常用的各种应用文的用途及格式有一个总的了解,使其不仅能熟悉商务文体的各种惯用英文表达法,而且能广泛增加有关商务知识,并在模拟及实景中运用这些知识进行商务交际。 3.基本要求: 充分利用教材中的商务材料以及老师所给的案例,并结合所学商务知识,与现实商务活动进行多种形式的联系,提高学生对各种商务写作材料的准确理解和把握。经过反复学习、模仿和套用,掌握商务应用文的书写规律和方法,逐渐学会撰写各类商务应用文,力求语言正确,表达得体,在实际操作中活学活用。 二、学时分配建议 本课程教学总时数为66课时,具体学时分配可参见下表。 学时分配建议表

三、教学目标: 1.课程能力目标: (1)能够根据招聘广告并结合个人实际情况,熟练撰写英语求职信、应聘信、求职追踪信和个人简历等求职类文书 (2)能够运用商务交际中的礼节和技巧,撰写英语邀请函、感信、祝贺信等常见社交类文书 (3)能够规地起草英语启示、通知、备忘录、商务报告、会议纪要等常用公务文书(4)能够比较规地撰写英语名片、简章、商品使用说明书、推销函等主要商务宣传文书 (5)能够正确、得体地处理询盘信、发盘信、还盘信、订单与合同等常规外贸商务函电。 2.课程知识目标 (1)掌握英文求职信、应聘信和个人简历的基本格式和主要容; (2)了解英文书信的基本格式和不同书信类型的写作特点;

商务英语之订单最常用句子

商务英语之订单最常用句子 我们想订你们的货,今天会寄上正式的订单。 1. We'd like to order your products. We'll send our official order today. 你是否收到了我们订电话机的订单? 2. Did you get our order for your telephones? 我们发现贵公司的订单最近逐渐减少了,对吗? 3. We've noticed that your orders have been falling off lately, haven't you? 那是因为我们转向成衣生意的缘故。 4. That's because we have switched to made-up goods market. 目前有什么我可以代您订购的吗? 5. Is there anything I can book for you now? 现在我们能向你订购的只有棉织品。 6. What we can order from you right now are cotton goods. 你可以告诉我货名和数量吗? 7. Can you let me have the name and quantities? 除非你方三月订货,否则我们无法6月送货。 8. Unless you order in March, we won't be able to deliver in June. 我准备向你们订货,但是唯一的条件是,货物只限卖给芬兰的公司。

9. I'm ready to place an order with you, but only one condition is that the goods are confined to Finland. 前寄样品必须在8月底以前到达伦敦,否则所订货物都将无效。 10. Advanced samples must arrive in London before the end of August; otherwise the goods are useless. 我们可以修改一下29734号订单吗? 11. Can we make a change on order No. 29734? 我们想增加99725号订单上AR-26的数量。 12. We want to increase the number of AR-26s on order No. 99725. 商务旅行必备48句经典句型 1 Do I have to make a reconfirmation? 我还要再确认吗? 2 Is there any earlier one? 3 Could you tell me my reservation number, please? 请你告诉我我的预订号码好吗? 4 Can I get a seat for today's 7:00 a.m train? 我可以买今天上午7点的火车票吗? 5 Could you change my flight date from London to Tokyo? 请你更改一下从伦敦到东京的班机日期好吗? 6 Is there any discount for the USA Railpass?

商务英语写作常用句型集合

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