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中外文化交流史模拟试卷一答案

中外文化交流史模拟试卷一答案
中外文化交流史模拟试卷一答案

《中外文化交流史》模拟试卷一答案

一、填空(每空2分,共30分)

1.罗马帝国在中国古文献里被称为大秦、(黎轩)、拂林、拂菻等。东汉时期,西域都

护(班超)曾遣甘英使大秦,但在条支临西海而返。

2.一般说来,日本传入汉籍由(百济博士王仁)献(《论语》)、《千字文》开始

3.景教是天主教异端支派聂斯托里教在中国的名称。《大秦景教流行中国碑》发掘于明天

启5年,即(1625)年。记载自贞观九年635年景教主教阿罗本初来长安,受唐太宗礼遇,得建(波斯寺),后改名为大秦寺。到781年由伊斯出资在大秦寺建立景教碑,始见“景教”之名称。

4.两汉丝绸之路上的西域国家,有楼兰、龟兹、乌孙、疏勒、于阗等,这其中在最西面的

是(疏勒),(楼兰)后来改称鄯善。

5.日本历史经历了绳纹时代、弥生时代、古坟时代、奈良平安时代、镰仓室町时代、江户

时代、明治以来的近现代等,其中(弥生时代)(奈良平安时代)(江户时代)是受到中国文化影响最大的三个时期。

6.〈源氏物语〉的作者是紫式部,〈枕草子〉的作者是(清少纳言)。她们分别是日本平安

时代的女官作家,作品产生于(十世纪末至十一)世纪初。

7.11世纪基督教内部分裂成东西两派。以罗马为中心的一派称为(圣公教),以君士坦丁

堡为中心的东欧地区称为(东正教)。

二、名词解释(每题6分,共30分)

1.《史记·大宛列传》:记载了西域大宛、乌孙、康居、奄蔡、大月氏、安息、条支、大

夏等国的相对位置及其生产生活方式,按生产生活方式,分成“行国”、“土著”两种。

同时记载了张骞通西域的原因和经过。

复习范围或考察目标:第三章中国史籍中的西域形象“《史记》中的西域诸国”

2.万叶假名:日本在创造自己的假名文字之前曾借用汉字。万叶假名是两者之间的过渡形

态。约在7-8世纪时期,日本人借用汉字的发音记录日本语的音节,写成古代和歌集《万叶集》。这种舍弃汉字的意义,只借用汉字的发音来记录日本民族语言的借用文字,称为万叶假名。

复习范围或考察目标:第八章日本文字与中国汉字的关系“万叶假名阶段”

3.“和敬清寂”:是日本茶道集大成者千利休提出的茶道精神:和为和合,敬为对人的情

感,清为自我操守,寂为内心修炼的前提。反映了儒道禅思想对茶道的渗透。

复习范围或考察目标:第九章日本茶道中的儒释道

4.一赐乐业教:中国古代对于以色列民族移民来中国的犹太教的称呼。

复习范围或考察目标:第十章早期基督教在华史迹“从犹太教到基督教”

5.钦天监正:明代朝廷掌管天文历法的机构叫钦天监,钦天监的首席主持官叫钦天监正。

清前中期由外国传教士担任。

复习范围或考察目标:第十三章康乾盛世的御用传教士

三、简述题(第1题15分,第2题25分,共40分)

1.简述日本上古历史上“弥生飞跃”之历史现象,并结合历史文献说明其与中国文化的关

系。

公元前3世纪到公元3世纪,日本古代社会从旧石器时代迅速飞跃到新石器、铁器时代;同时生产方式也从采集渔猎为主,飞跃到水稻农耕为主。这是因为大批中国秦汉漂流民通过朝鲜来到日本,带去了中国的先进文化所造成的结果。

复习范围或考察目标:第七章中国文化对日本的重大影响“弥生飞跃”

2.在文化传播过程中,本土主体文化对于外来客体文化的接受或排斥,主要取决于哪些因

素?试举例论述之。

从本土文化的角度看,取决于其处于强大、开明、改革进取的时代;还是弱小、保守、墨守自封的时代。前者如中国的汉唐,后者如中国的明清;

从外来文化的角度看,取决于其效用性和适应性两个方面。一般来说,有效用的,效用明显的,容易被接受,而两种文化的互相适应性大的,也容易被接受。否则,则表现出排斥、不接受。秦汉时期中国文化之对于日本,是为效用性的明证。基督教文化对于中国文化,在中国的传播,或者可说是不适应的结果。

复习范围或考察目标:第一讲引言“文化交流的接受、排斥与变异”

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