苏州留园英文介绍
作者：外语爱好…文章来源：本站原创点击数：563 更新时间：2011-1-26
苏州留园中英文简介：留园位于苏州阊门外，原是明嘉靖年间太仆寺卿徐泰时的东园。园巾假山为叠石名家周秉忠(时臣)所作。清嘉庆年间，刘恕以故园改筑，名寒碧山庄，又称刘园。园中聚太湖石十二峰，蔚为奇观。咸宁年间，苏州诸园颇多毁损，而此园独存。光绪初年为盛康所得，修葺拓建，易名留园。现全园占地约50亩，大致可分中、东、西、北叫个景区。其间以曲廊相连。迂回连绵，达700余米，通幽度壑，秀色迭出。
中部是原来寒碧山庄的基址．中辟广池，西、北为山．东、南为建筑。假山以土为主，叠以黄石，气势浑厚。山上古木参天，显出一派山林森郁的气氛。山曲之间水涧蜿蜒，仿佛池水之源。池南涵碧山房、明瑟楼是故园的上体建筑，楼阁如前舱。敞厅如中舱。形如画舫。楼阁东侧有绿荫轩，小巧雅致，临水挂
落与栏杆之间，涌出一幅山水画卷。涵碧山房西侧有爬山廊，随山势高下起伏，连接山顶闻木樨香轩。山上遍植桂花，每至秋日，香气浮动，沁人心脾。此处山高气爽，环顾四周，满同景色尽收眼底。池中小蓬莱岛浮现十碧波之上。池东濠濮亭、曲溪楼、西楼、清风池馆掩映于山水林木之间，进退起伏．错落有致。池北山石兀立，涧壑隐现，可亭亢于山冈之上，有凌空欲飞之势。
东部重门叠户，庭院深深。院落之间以漏窗、门洞、廊庑沟通穿插，互相对比映衬，成为苏州园林中院落空间最富变化的建筑群。土厅五峰仙馆俗称楠木厅，厅内装修精美，陈设典雅。其西，有鹤所、石林小院、揖峰轩、还我读书处等院落，竹石倚墙，芭蕉映窗，满目诗情画意。林泉耆硕之馆为鸳鸯厅，中间以雕镂剔透的圆洞落地罩分隔，厅内陈设古雅。厅北矗立着著名的留园三峰．冠云峰居中，瑞云峰、岫云峰屏立左右。冠云峰高6.5米，玲珑剔透，相传为宋代花石纲遗物，系江南园林巾最高大的一块湖石。峰石之前为浣云沼，周围建有冠云楼、冠云亭、冠云台、伫云庵等．均为赏石之所。
西部以假山为主，土石相间，浑然天成。山上枫树郁然成林，盛夏绿荫蔽口，深秋红霞似锦。至乐亭、舒啸亭隐现于林木之中。臀高望远，可借西郊名胜之景。山左云墙如游龙起伏。山前曲溪宛转，流水淙淙。东麓有水阁"活泼泼地"．横卧于溪涧之卜，令人有水流不尽之感。北部原有建筑早已废毁，现广植竹、李、桃、杏，"又一村"等处建有葡萄、紫藤架。其余之地辟为盆景园，花木繁盛，犹存田园之趣。
留园以宜居宜游的山水布局，疏密有致的丰间刘比。独具风采的石峰景观，成为江南园林艺术的杰出典范。
苏州留园导游词英文版：Liuyuan（Lingering Garden）
The name Liuyuan or Lingering Garden actually means lingering in the world. First constructed in Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), it is praised as one of the nation's four famous gardens. The other three are the Summer Palace in Beijing, the Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde, and the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou.
Two Hectares in size, the Lingering Garden is one of the largest gardens in Suzhou. Divided by halls, whitewashed walls, corridors an doors in space, the whole garden appears to have a dozen of small or large courtyards with the skillful decoration of rockeries, ponds, trees and flowers. It is a clear demonstration of the artistic features of Jiangnan landscaped gardens. The garden consists of four parts: the central part is the most picturesque, known for its streams and rockeries; the eastern part wins its fame for its courtyards and buildings. That's where the famous King of Taihu Stone, "Cloud-capped Peak" is located. The northern part has a style of pastoral scenery, while the
western part provides visitors interests of woods with its towering trees. To have so many different tastes of scenery in one, the Lingering Garden is the only place a visitor can find in Suzhou
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题目：苏州园林（汉译英） 要求： Direction: Translate the following paragraph into English. 苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表，大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋，兴于宋元，盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处，为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现保存完好的有60多处，对外开放的有10余处。其中沧浪亭(The Surging Wave Pavilion)、狮子林(The Lion Grove Garden)、拙政园(The Humble Administrator’s Garden) 和留园(The Lingering Garden)分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，其建筑规制反映了中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年，苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”。 参考译文:Classical Gardens of Suzhou are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name “The City of Garden”. Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, more than 10 of which are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and the Lingering Ga rden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for appreciating, visiting and living. The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Classical Gardens of Suzhou are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Classical Gardens of Suzhou were placed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO.
General Introduction I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program. Education background In 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China?s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester,In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis. Research experience and academic activity When a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST. I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant. This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900), Irish poet and dramatist whose reputation rests on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermere's Fan温夫人的扇子(1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重要性(1895). Among Wilde's other best-known works are his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安?格雷的画像(1891) and his fairy tales especially "The Happy Prince." Wilde was born on October 16, 1854 in Dublin to unconventional parents - his mother Lady Jane Francesca Wilde (1820-96), was a poet and journalist. His father was Sir William Wilde, an Irish antiquarian古物研究者,收集古物者（antiques）, gifted writer, and specialist in diseases of the eye and ear. Wilde studied at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, County Fermanagh (1864-71), Trinity College, Dublin (1871-74) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1874-78). In 1878 Wilde received his B.A. and in the same year he moved to London. His lifestyle and humorous wit soon made him the spokesman for
Suzhou is located in southern Jiangsu Province in the center of the Yangtze Delta. Shanghai lies to the east, Zhejiang Province to the south, Wuxi City to the west and the Yangtze River to the north. The city is divided by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal from north to south. Since 42% area of the city is covered by water, including a vast number of ponds and streams, it is praised as the 'Venice of the Orient'. Built in 514 BC, this is an ancient city with over 2,500 years of history. The unique characteristics of the past are still retained today. The double-chessboard layout of the city, with 'the streets and rivers going side by side while the water and land routes running in parallel', is preserved intact. The mild climate makes the city a desirable destination all year round. Touring the wonderful ancient water towns in the vicinity or lingering in the exquisite classical gardens in the downtown area, you will truly know the charm of a 'paradise on earth'. As the saying goes - 'Gardens to the south of the Yangtze River are the best in the world, and Suzhou gardens are the best among them'. These gardens attain their high reputation not only for their vast numbers, but also for their charming natural beauty and harmonious construction. At present more than 60 gardens are kept intact in the city, and some of them have been listed in the World Heritage List. 译文：苏州坐落于江苏省南部，是长江三角洲中心。它的东面是上海，南面是浙江，西面是无锡，而长江位于它北面。京杭大运河自北向南横穿其间。由于苏州42%的面积被水覆盖，有大量的池塘和溪流，又被称作东方威尼斯。建成于公元前514年，苏州这座古老的城市已有2,500年的历史。其独特的历史特征流传至今。城市是双棋盘的布局，一边是街道，一边是河流。水路和陆路并向而行的格局保存完好。 苏州气候温和，全年都是令人满意的好去处。游览附近的美丽的水城或是在市中心精致的园林徘徊，你会真正体会到“人间天堂”的魅力。就像俗话说的，长江以南的园林是全世界最好的园林，而苏州园林则是这些园林中最好的。苏州园林之所以享有如此高的声誉不仅仅是因为数量，更在于其自然的魅力与和谐的布局。目前在苏州有超过60座保存完好的园林，其中一些更被列入了世界自然遗产名录。
苏州园林英文介绍 the Humble Administrator's Garden Covering 51,950 sq.m,the Humble Administrator's Garden is the largest of all classical gardens in Suzhou. It is centered upon the broad expanse of a lake, making up about one fifth of the total area. With well spaced buildings, the garden landscape and water scape are simple, extensive and natural, possessing the traditional appearances of the Ming Dynasty. It is divided into three parts; the eastern, middle the western parts. The house lies in the south of the garden. The middle part is the cream of the garden with marvellous mountains, clear water, exquisite buildings and exuberant trees and flower reminiscent of the scenery in the south of the Lower Yangtze. Lying here and there to the south of the lake are garden buildings and courts in cluster. On an east-west axis there's the Hall of Drifting Fragrance in the middle, flanked by the Loquat Garden Court, the Malus Micromalus Makina court, the Poeny Pavilion, the Listening to the Sound of Rain Pavilion, the small canglang, "A Pure Mind Thinks Deep", and the Magnolia Hall. Rising from the lake are the east and west hills made from a mixture of earth and rocks, and covered with trees. the Prunus Mume Pavilion and the Orange Pavilion stand atop of the hills.By the side of the lake there are forsythias gently stroking the surface of water, and bringing about delightful effects of nature. Much of the surprise comes from the disposition of the Fragrant ISle, the pavilion in lotus breezes and the Mountain-in-View Tower to the west of the lake.from the secluded pavilion of Firmiana Simplex and Bamboo one is able to catch sight of the pagoda of paying debts of gratitude in distance. The picturesque scene of the pagoda mirrored in water is an example of the garden technique called "borrowed view from afar". The buildings in the western part of the garden are properly arranged by the lake.To the south of the lake is a big mandarin duck's hall with two halves. The northern half is named "the Hall of 36 pairs of mandarin ducks" and the southern half "the hall of 18 camellias ". built to the west of the lake are the Inducalamus Pavilion, the "With Whom Shall I Sit"?pavilion,the Floating Green Tower, the Stay-and-Listen Pavilion, the Pagoda Reflection pavilion.Going up and down and in a zigzag, a unique veranda over the water is a stucture built along the wall to the east of the lake. The Good-For-Both-Families Pavilion on the top of the hill overlooks the middle and western parts, another example of the garden technique called " borrowed view from near". Decorated with the Cymbidium Virens Hall, the lotus pavilion, the Celestial Spring Pavilion, the Far Away Looking Pavilion and the All blue Pavilion, the eastern part of the garden has verdant hills with pine
AT89C51 Description The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51? instruction-set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. Features ?Compatible with MCS-51? Products ?4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory –Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles ?Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz ?Three-Level Program Memory Lock ?128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM ?32 Programmable I/O Lines ?Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters ?Six Interrupt Sources ?Programmable Serial Channel ?Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes The A T89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash,128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
Recommendation of Tourist Attractions Below is just the recommendation of tourist places about Suzhou & Shanghai . Tourist Attractions(景点) Suzhou(苏州) 1.Humble Administrator's garden （拙政园） The Humble Administrator's Garden (Chinese: 拙政园; pinyin: Zhuōzhèng yuán; Suzhou Wu: is a Chinese garden in Suzhou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous of the gardens of Suzhou. The garden is located at 178 Dongbei Street (东北街178号). At 51,950 m2, it is the largest garden in Suzhou and is considered by some to be the finest garden in all of southern China. See the pictures as below: Learn more from Website or Wikipedia. 2.The Lion Grove Garden (狮子林) The Lion Grove Garden (simplified Chinese: 狮子林园; traditional Chinese: 獅子林園; pinyin: Shī Zǐ Lín Yuán; Suzhou Wu: Sy tsy lin yoe is a garden located at 23 Yuanlin Road in Pingjiang District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. The garden is famous for the large and labyrinthine grotto of taihu rocks at its center.
苏州园林介绍（日语版） 蘇州の四大名園滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園、留園との四つの庭園は、それぞれ宋、元、明、清の各時代の様式をもつ代表的なものです。そのうち、拙政園と留園は中国の四大名園にも数えられています。 拙政園（せっせいえん） 蘇州四大名園の一つで中国四大名園の一つにもなっています。拙政園は世界遺産としての「蘇州古典園林」の主格です。中国庭園のモデルとして事実上中国No.1の庭園と言えましょう。宮廷色の強い頤和園（ぎわえん）を代表とする北京の庭園をロイヤル?ガーデンと「royal·garden」すれば、蘇州の庭園のほとんどは昔地方の文人や官僚などが所有するプライベート?ガーデン「private·garden」です。今は国の財産として一般公開になっています。拙政園は、1509年（明王朝の正徳4年）に官僚の王献臣「おうこんしん」によって造営【ぞうえい】されました。王献臣は官僚を追放され、故郷の蘇州に戻りました。愚かなものが政をつかさどるという意味で「拙政」と名をつけたという説があります。面積約5ヘクタールの拙政園は蘇州の庭園の中でもっとも広いものです。8年の年月を費やして造られたそうです。 拙政園は、東園【ひがしぞの】、中園【なかその】、西園【にしぞの】の三つの部分に大きく分けられます。園内で中心的な存在は水で、全体の約5分の3を大小の蓮池【はすいけ】が占めています。蓮池の周りに東屋【あずまや】、橋、回廊【かいろう】、緑が水面に映って美しい景観を構成します。その極まりがまさしく「遠香堂」を主体とする中園で、夢のような空間を感じさせます。中国古典文学名作の「紅楼夢」【こうろうむ】の舞台がここをモデルとしたらしいです。西園には盆「景園」があります。そこには蘇州流盆栽の優秀な作品が集められています。50以上の種類で、約1万の盆栽があります。 獅子林 獅子林とは、文字通りに解釈すればライオンが出没する林です。林のように密に広がるものはよく「XX林」と言います。雲南省【うんなんしょう】には石林【いしばやし】という観光名所がありますが、西安には有名な碑林[ひりん]があります（書道【しょどう】に興味[興味]ある方はご存知でしょう）。では、獅子林という林とは何の林でしょうか。それは石の林です。ただし、その石は普通の石ではなく、太湖という大きい湖の周辺で採った所謂「太湖石」です。また、その林とは、太湖石で造られた築山です。端的に言えば、獅子林は築山の公園です。それにプラス伝統的な蘇州庭園の水、東屋、回廊、小さい橋、木やお花など。
英语自我介绍资料 内容重点；1 开头礼貌用语 2 个人情况（中英文名字，年龄，班级和所在学校） 3 家庭情况（成员，工作情况） 4 个人兴趣（例如绘画，书法，唱歌，跳舞等） 5 结束用语 1 Ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! Hello everybody/everyone. Nice to meet you 2 I’m very glad to stand here./It’s my pleasure to stand here. First, I will introduce myself. My name is 中文姓名and English name is 英文姓名.I’m 自己年龄years old . I’m in Class 班级Grade 年级。所在学校名称. primary/middle school . 3 There are 几个家庭成员people in my family . My parents / my father, mother and 、 I.(sister,brother) My father is 工作名称.My mother is 工作名称 . 4 I like 自己的兴趣爱好. My favourite food /colour/music/book is 自己喜爱的食物，颜色，音乐，书籍等. 5 I love my family members very much .That ‘s my introduction. Thank you very much ! 英语自我介绍资料 内容重点；1 开头礼貌用语 2 个人情况（中英文名字，年龄，班级和所在学校） 3 家庭情况（成员，工作情况） 4 个人兴趣（例如绘画，书法，唱歌，跳舞等） 5 结束用语 1 Ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! Hello everybody/everyone. Nice to meet you! 2 I’m very glad to stand here./It’s my pleasure to stand here. First, I will introduce myself. My name is 中文姓名and English name is 英文姓名.I’m 自己年龄years old . I’m in Class 班级Grade 年级。所在学校名称. primary/middle school . 3 There are 几个家庭成员people in my family . My parents / my father, mother and 、 I.(sister,brother) My father is 工作名称.My mother is 工作名称 . 4 I like 自己的兴趣爱好. My favourite food /colour/music/book is 自己喜爱的食物，颜色，音乐，书籍等. 5 I love my family members very much .That ‘s my introduction. Thank you very much
Classical Gardens of Suzhou 苏州古典园林 Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapesin miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou. They are generally acknowledged to be masterpieces of the genre. Dating from the 11th-19th century, the gardens reflect the profound metaphysical importance of natural beauty in Chinese culture in their meticulous design. ?miniature /'m?n?t?? / a. 很小的，微型的；n. 缩影，微型画，小画像[in miniature] 【二级口笔译大纲词汇】 She is just like her mother in miniature. 她简直是她母亲的缩影。 ?metaphysical /?m?t??f?z?k?l/ a. 玄学的; 形而上学的【TEM 8词汇】 ?meticulous // a. 极其仔细的，一丝不苟的[+ in/ about] 【二级口笔译大纲词汇】【TEM 8词汇】 He was meticulous in his use of words. 他用词很谨慎。 He has always been so meticulous about his appearance. 他对自己的外表一向很讲究。 没有任何地方比历史名城苏州的九大园林更能体现中国古典园林设计“咫尺之内再造乾坤”的理想。苏州园林被公认是实现这一设计思想的杰作。这些建造于11至19世纪的园林，以其精雕细琢的设计，折射出中国文化取法自然而又超越自然的深邃意境。 Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis The classical gardens of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China date back to the 6th century BCE when the city was founded as the capital of the Wu Kingdom. Inspired by these royal hunting gardens built by the King of the State of Wu, private gardens began emerging around the 4th century and finally reached the climax in the 18th century. Today, more than 50 of these gardens are still
A thesis submitted to in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Engineering 自我介绍合集篇 英语自我介绍范文 General Introduction I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program. Education background In 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester,In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.
Weifang (simplified Chinese: 潍坊; pinyin: Wéifāng) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. Weifang is a historical city with well known figures. Emperor Shun of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, the politician Yan Ying (晏婴) of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan of the Estern Han Dynasty and the agriculturist Jia Simiao of the Northern Wei Dynasty were all from Weifang. Kong Rong, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Dongpo, Zheng Banqiao, et al. have worked in Weifang historically. In more recent years, revolutionists, litterateurs and artists, such as Wang Jinmei, Chen Shaomin, Wang Yuanjian, Wang Tongzhao, Zang Kejia are well known in China. Weifang also boasts of historical relics and other tourist sites, such as Shihu Garden (from the Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty), Fangong Pavilion (from the Song Dynasty), fossile sites (including dinosaur fossils, in Shanwang, Linqu), Mount Yi National Forest Park, Mount Qingyun and the Old Dragon Spring. Weifang is the world capital of kites. The woodcut new year’s paintings from Yangjiabu are well known. Administration The prefecture-level city of Weifang administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 6 county-level cities and 2 counties. * Weicheng District (潍城区) * Kuiwen District (奎文区) * Fangzi District (坊子区) * Hanting District (寒亭区) * Qingzhou City (青州市) * Zhucheng City (诸城市) * Shouguang City (寿光市) * Anqiu City (安丘市) * Gaomi City (高密市) * Changyi City (昌邑市) * Changle County (昌乐县) * Linqu County (临朐县) Geography Nearby cities include Jinan and Zibo to the west, Yantai to the northeast and Qingdao to the southeast. Economy Weifang is home to the large diesel engine company and factory Weichai. The village of Yangjiabu in Hanting district is famous for folk wood-block print (nianhua) and kite production. Weifang regards itself as the 'International Kite Capital' and holds an international kite festival every year in the spring. Notable people * Zheng Xuan (127-200), Eastern Han Dynasty Confucian scholar * Liu Yong (刘墉; 1719-1805), renowned Qing Dynasty bureaucrat --------------------------------------------------------- Culture of Weifang